Voice : Active & Passive Voice

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VOICE (Active & Passive)  

Definition: Voice in English grammar shows whether the subject performs the action or receives the action.
ইংৰাজী ব্যাকৰণত Voice এ দেখুৱায় যে subject এ কাম কৰে নে subject এ কামটো গ্ৰহণ কৰে।

There are two types of Voice - Active Voice and Passive Voice। Voice দুটা প্ৰকাৰৰ - Active Voice আৰু Passive Voice।

How to Identify Active & Passive Voice // Active আৰু Passive Voice কেনেকৈ চিনিব : Click Here

1. Active Voice   

 Definition: In Active Voice, the subject performs the action. Active Voice ত subject এ নিজেই কাম কৰে।

Structure: Subject + Verb + Object
Examples:

1. Ram eats mango. ৰামে আম খায়।
   → Ram (Subject), eats (Verb), mango (Object)


2. She writes a letter.তাই এখন চিঠি লিখে।


3. They are playing football. তেওঁলোকে ফুটবল খেলি আছে।

Points:
Active voice is direct, clear, and strong.
Active Voice স্পষ্ট আৰু শক্তিশালী।
Use it when the doer of the action is important।
কৰ্তা গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ হ’লে Active Voice ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়।

2. Passive Voice

Definition: In Passive Voice, the object of the active sentence becomes the subject and receives the action.
Passive Voice ত Active sentence ৰ object এ subject হয় আৰু কামটো গ্ৰহণ কৰে।

Structure: Object (new subject) + form of be + past participle (V³) + by + subject

Examples:

1. Mango is eaten by Ram. আম ৰামৰ দ্বাৰা খোৱা হয়।


2. A letter is written by her. এখন চিঠি তাইৰ দ্বাৰা লিখা হয়।


3. Football is being played by them. ফুটবল তেওঁলোকৰ দ্বাৰা খেলি থকা হৈছে।

Points:
Passive voice focuses on the action or object, not the doer.
Passive Voice ত কাম বা object গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ।
It is often used in formal writing, reports, and scientific language।
ই প্ৰায়ে আনুষ্ঠানিক লিখনিত ব্যৱহৃত হয়।

3. Rules to Change Active → Passive

1. Identify Subject, Verb, Object in the active sentence. Active বাক্যত Subject, Verb, Object চিনাক্ত কৰা।


2. Make the object the new subject. Object ক নতুন subject বনোৱা।


3. Use correct form of be + past participle (V³). Be + V³ সঠিকভাৱে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা।


4. Add by + subject if necessary. প্ৰয়োজন হ’লে by + subject যোগ কৰা।


5. Tense must remain the same. Tense সলনি নহ’ব।

4. Tense-wise Conversion Examples

Present Simple : Active: Ram eats mango. Passive: Mango is eaten by Ram. (V³ with is/am/are)

Past Simple: Active: She wrote a letter. Passive: A letter was written by her. (was/were + V³)

Future Simple: Active: He will do the work. Passive: The work will be done by him. (will be + V³)

Present Continuous: Active: They are cleaning the room. Passive: The room is being cleaned by them. (is/am/are + being + V³)

Past Continuous: Active: She was reading a book. Passive: A book was being read by her. (was/were + being + V³)

Present Perfect: Active: He has completed the work. Passive: The work has been completed by him. (has/have + been + V³)

Past Perfect: Active: They had finished the project. Passive: The project had been finished by them. (had + been + V³)

Future Perfect: Active: She will have submitted the report. Passive: The report will have been submitted by her. (will have been + V³)

5. Rules

Rule: Modal + base verb → Modal + be + V³

Examples: He can solve the problem. → The problem can be solved by him.

She must follow the rules. → The rules must be followed by her.

6. Important Tips for Exams

Use Active Voice for strong and direct sentences. Active Voice স্পষ্ট উত্তৰৰ বাবে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰক।

Use Passive Voice when action or result is important. কাম বা ফল গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ হ’লে Passive Voice ব্যৱহাৰ কৰক।

Always check tense agreement. সদায় tense মিলাওক।

Passive voice always uses V³. Passive Voice ত সদায় V³ ব্যৱহৃত হয়।

7. Practice Examples (Solved)

1. Active: The teacher explains the lesson. Passive: The lesson is explained by the teacher.


2. Active: They will build a new bridge. Passive: A new bridge will be built by them.


3. Active: She is reading a book. Passive: A book is being read by her.


4. Active: Ram has solved the problem. Passive: The problem has been solved by Ram.