VERB
VERB
Definition: A verb is a part of speech that expresses an action, an occurrence, or a state of being. Verbs are essential in a sentence because they tell what the subject does or what condition the subject is in. āϏāĻāĻā§āĻāĻž: Verb (āĻā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž) āĻšā§āĻā§ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ⧰ āϏā§āĻ āĻ āĻāĻļ āϝāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āĻāĻžāĻŽ, āĻāĻāύāĻž, āĻŦāĻž āĻ ā§ąāϏā§āĻĨāĻž āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ Verb āĻ āĻŦāĻŋāĻšāύ⧠āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ āĻ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒā§ā§°ā§āĻŖ āĻšāϝāĻŧ, āĻāĻžā§°āĻŖ āĻ āĻā§°ā§āϤāĻžāĻ āĻāĻŋ āĻā§°ā§ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻŋ āĻ ā§ąāϏā§āĻĨāĻžāϤ āĻāĻā§ āϤāĻžāĻ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
Ex / āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšā§°āĻŖ: She plays. → āϤāĻžāĻ āĻā§āϞā§āĨ¤ He is happy. → āϏāĻŋ āϏā§āĻā§āĨ¤
Types of Verbs (Verb ā§° āĻĒā§ā§°āĻāĻžā§°)
1. Action Verbs (āĻā§ā§°āĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ Verb)
Definition: Action verbs show physical or mental actions.
āϏāĻāĻā§āĻāĻž: Action verb āĻ āĻļāĻžā§°ā§ā§°āĻŋāĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻŽāĻžāύāϏāĻŋāĻ āĻāĻžāĻŽ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
(a) Physical Actions
Ex: run, jump, eat, write
Ex Sentence: She runs every morning. āϤāĻžāĻ āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋāĻĻāĻŋāύ⧠āĻĒā§ā§ąāĻž āĻĻā§ā§°ā§āĨ¤
(b) Mental Actions
Ex: think, imagine, believe, understand
Ex Sentence: I believe in hard work.āĻŽāĻ āĻāĻ ā§ā§° āĻĒā§°āĻŋāĻļā§ā§°āĻŽāϤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻžāϏ āĻā§°ā§āĻāĨ¤
2. Linking Verbs (āϏāĻāϝā§āĻāĻāĻžā§°ā§ Verb)
Definition: Linking verbs connect the subject to more information about it. They do not show action.
Common Linking Verbs: be (is, am, are, was, were), become, seem, appear, taste
āϏāĻāĻā§āĻāĻž: Linking verb āĻ āĻā§°ā§āϤāĻžāĻ āϤāĻžā§° āĻā§āĻŖ āĻŦāĻž āĻ ā§ąāϏā§āĻĨāĻžā§° āϏā§āϤ⧠āϏāĻāϝā§āĻ āĻā§°ā§āĨ¤ āĻ āĻā§āύ⧠āĻāĻžāĻŽ āĻĻā§āĻā§ā§ąāĻžāĻ āύā§āĻĻā§āĻā§ā§ąāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
Ex: She is a doctor. āϤāĻžāĻ āĻāĻā§°āĻžāĻā§ āĻāĻŋāĻāĻŋā§āϏāĻāĨ¤ The soup tastes delicious. āĻā§āĻĒāĻā§ āϏā§āϏā§āĻŦāĻžāĻĻā§ āϞāĻžāĻā§āĨ¤
3. Auxiliary / Helping Verbs (āϏāĻšāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻāĻžā§°ā§ Verb)
Definition: Auxiliary verbs help the main verb to form tense, voice, or mood.
Common Auxiliary Verbs: be, have, do, will, shall, can, may, must
āϏāĻāĻā§āĻāĻž : Auxiliary verb āĻ āĻŽā§āϞ verb āĻ āĻāĻžāϞ, āĻāĻžā§ą, āĻŦāĻž āĻ ā§ąāϏā§āĻĨāĻž āĻāĻ āύ āĻā§°āĻžāϤ āϏāĻšāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻā§°ā§āĨ¤
Ex: She is writing a letter. āϤāĻžāĻ āĻāĻāύ āĻāĻŋāĻ āĻŋ āϞāĻŋāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻā§āĨ¤ They have finished their homework. āϏāĻŋāĻšāĻāϤ⧠āύāĻŋāĻā§° āĻāĻžāĻŽ āĻļā§āώ āĻā§°āĻŋāĻā§āĨ¤
4. Modal Verbs (āĻŽā§āĻĄā§āϞ Verb)
Definition: Modal verbs express ability, permission, possibility, necessity, or advice.
Common Modal Verbs: can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, must
āϏāĻāĻā§āĻāĻž: Modal verb āĻ āĻā§āώāĻŽāϤāĻž, āĻ āύā§āĻŽāϤāĻŋ, āϏāĻŽā§āĻāĻžā§ąāύāĻž, āĻā§ąāĻļā§āϝāĻāϤāĻž, āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻĒāĻĻā§āĻļ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
Ex: You should study for the test. āϤā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻĒā§°ā§āĻā§āώāĻžā§° āĻŦāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻĒāĻĸāĻŧāĻž āĻāĻāĻŋāϤāĨ¤ He might come to the party. āϏāĻŋ āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§āĻāĻŋāϞ⧠āĻāĻšāĻŋāĻŦ āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§āĨ¤
5. Transitive and Intransitive Verbs (āĻā§°ā§āĻŽ āĻĨāĻāĻž āĻā§°ā§ āĻā§°ā§āĻŽ āύāĻĨāĻāĻž Verb)
(a) Transitive Verbs
Definition: Require a direct object.
Ex: She wrote a letter. āϤāĻžāĻ āĻāĻāύ āĻāĻŋāĻ āĻŋ āϞāĻŋāĻāĻŋāϞā§āĨ¤ (“letter” āĻšā§āĻā§ object)
(b) Intransitive Verbs
Definition: Do not require an object.
Ex: He slept peacefully. āϏāĻŋ āĻļāĻžāύā§āϤāĻŋāĻĒā§ā§°ā§āĻŖāĻāĻžā§ąā§ āĻļā§āϞā§āĨ¤
Forms of Verbs (Verb ā§° ā§°ā§āĻĒ)
1. Base Form: Root form of the verb. Ex: go, eat, play
Verb ā§° āĻŽā§āϞ ā§°ā§āĻĒ
2. Past Tense
Shows completed action in the past. Ex: went, ate, played. āĻ āϤā§āϤ āĻāĻžāϞ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϝāĻŧ
3. Past Participle: Used in perfect tenses Ex: gone, eaten, played. Perfect tense āϤ āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšāĻžā§° āĻšāϝāĻŧ
4. Present Participle: Ends in -ing, used in continuous tense
Ex: going, eating, playing. -ing āϞāĻāĻž verb, āĻāϞāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻāĻžāϞ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϝāĻŧ
5. Infinitive: Base form with to
Ex: to go, to eat, to play, to āϏāĻš verb ā§° āĻŽā§āϞ ā§°ā§āĻĒ
Key Points to Remember (āĻŽāύāϤ ā§°āĻžāĻāĻŋāĻŦ)
- Every sentence must have a verb. āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋāĻā§ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝāϤā§āĻ āĻāĻāĻž verb āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻŦ āϞāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻŦāĨ¤
- Verbs change according to tense and subject. Verb subject āĻā§°ā§ āĻāĻžāϞ āĻ āύā§āϏāĻžā§°ā§ āϏāϞāύāĻŋ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
VERBS
1.Q: The birds ___ in the sky. āĻĒā§ā§°āĻļā§āύ: āĻā§°āĻžāĻāĻŦā§ā§° āĻāĻāĻžāĻļāϤ ___āĨ¤
Options / āĻŦāĻŋāĻāϞā§āĻĒ: (a) fly (b) flown
Ans / āĻāϤā§āϤ⧰: fly
Explanation: “Fly” is the present tense verb used with plural subject “birds”. āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻž: “Fly” āĻŦā§°ā§āϤāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻāĻžāϞ⧰ verb, “birds” āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāĻāύ⧰ āϞāĻāϤ āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšāĻžā§° āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
2.Q: She ___ her homework daily. āĻĒā§ā§°āĻļā§āύ: āϤāĻžāĻ āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋāĻĻāĻŋāύ⧠āύāĻŋāĻā§° āĻāĻžāĻŽ ___āĨ¤
Options / āĻŦāĻŋāĻāϞā§āĻĒ: (a) does (b) do
Ans / āĻāϤā§āϤ⧰: does
Explanation: “She” is singular, so the verb takes -s → does. āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻž: “She” āĻāĻāĻŦāĻāύ, āϏā§āϝāĻŧā§āĻšā§ verb āϤ -s āϝā§āĻ āĻšāϝāĻŧ → doesāĨ¤
3.Q: They ___ football every day.āĻĒā§ā§°āĻļā§āύ: āϏāĻŋāĻšāĻāϤ⧠āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋāĻĻāĻŋāύ⧠āĻĢā§āĻāĻŦāϞ ___āĨ¤
Options / āĻŦāĻŋāĻāϞā§āĻĒ: (a) play (b) playing
Ans / āĻāϤā§āϤ⧰: play
Explanation: With plural subject “they”, base verb “play” is used.
āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻž:“They” āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāĻāύ, āϏā§āϝāĻŧā§ āĻŽā§āϞ verb “play” āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšāĻžā§° āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
4.Q: He ___ to school by bus. āĻĒā§ā§°āĻļā§āύ: āϏāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻāϤ āϏā§āĻā§āϞāϞ⧠___āĨ¤
Options / āĻŦāĻŋāĻāϞā§āĻĒ: (a) goes (b) go
Ans / āĻāϤā§āϤ⧰: goes
Explanation:“He” is singular; present tense verb ends with -es. āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻž: “He” āĻāĻāĻŦāĻāύ, āϏā§āϝāĻŧā§āĻšā§ verb āϤ -es āϝā§āĻ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
5. Q: The baby ___ loudly. āĻĒā§ā§°āĻļā§āύ: āĻļāĻŋāĻļā§āĻā§ā§ąā§ āĻā§ā§°ā§ ___āĨ¤
Options / āĻŦāĻŋāĻāϞā§āĻĒ: (a) cries (b) cry
Ans / āĻāϤā§āϤ⧰: cries
Explanation: Singular subject needs verb with -s → cries. āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻž: āĻāĻāĻŦāĻāύ subject ā§° āϞāĻāϤ verb āϤ -s āϝā§āĻ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
6. Q: We ___ lunch at noon. āĻĒā§ā§°āĻļā§āύ: āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻĻā§āĻĒā§°ā§āϝāĻŧāĻž āĻāĻšāĻžā§° ___āĨ¤
Options / āĻŦāĻŋāĻāϞā§āĻĒ: (a) eat (b) eats
Ans / āĻāϤā§āϤ⧰: eat
Explanation: “We” is plural, so base verb “eat” is used. āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻž: “We” āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāĻāύ, āϏā§āϝāĻŧā§ “eat” āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšāĻžā§° āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
7. Q: The boy ___ water. āĻĒā§ā§°āĻļā§āύ: āϞ’ā§°āĻžāĻā§ā§ąā§ āĻĒāĻžāύ⧠___āĨ¤
Options / āĻŦāĻŋāĻāϞā§āĻĒ: (a) drinks (b) drink
Ans / āĻāϤā§āϤ⧰: drinks
Explanation: Singular subject “boy” takes verb with -s.
āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻž: “Boy” āĻāĻāĻŦāĻāύ, āϏā§āϝāĻŧā§ verb āϤ -s āϝā§āĻ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
8. Q: He ___ TV yesterday.
āĻĒā§ā§°āĻļā§āύ: āϏāĻŋ āĻāĻžāϞāĻŋ āĻāĻŋāĻāĻŋ ___āĨ¤
Options / āĻŦāĻŋāĻāϞā§āĻĒ: (a) watched (b) watch
Ans / āĻāϤā§āϤ⧰: watched
Explanation: “Yesterday” shows past tense, so “watched” is used. āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻž: “Yesterday” āĻ āϤā§āϤ āĻāĻžāϞ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϝāĻŧ, āϏā§āϝāĻŧā§ “watched” āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšāĻžā§° āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
9.Q: The dog ___ at strangers. āĻĒā§ā§°āĻļā§āύ: āĻā§āĻā§ā§°āĻā§ā§ąā§ āĻ
āĻāĻŋāύāĻžāĻāĻŋ āϞā§āĻāĻ ___āĨ¤
Options / āĻŦāĻŋāĻāϞā§āĻĒ: (a) barks (b) bark
Ans / āĻāϤā§āϤ⧰: barks
Explanation: Singular subject needs verb with -s. āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻž: āĻāĻāĻŦāĻāύ subject ā§° āϞāĻāϤ verb āϤ -s āϞāĻžāĻā§āĨ¤
10.Question: I ___ a letter. āĻĒā§ā§°āĻļā§āύ: āĻŽāĻ āĻāĻāύ āĻāĻŋāĻ āĻŋ ___āĨ¤
Options / āĻŦāĻŋāĻāϞā§āĻĒ: (a) wrote (b) write
Ans / āĻāϤā§āϤ⧰: wrote
Explanation: “Wrote” is the past tense of “write”.
āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻž: “Wrote” āĻšā§āĻā§ “write” ā§° āĻ āϤā§āϤ āĻāĻžāϞāĨ¤
11.Q: They ___ early. āĻĒā§ā§°āĻļā§āύ: āϏāĻŋāĻšāĻāϤ⧠āϏā§āύāĻāĻžāϞ⧠___āĨ¤
Options / āĻŦāĻŋāĻāϞā§āĻĒ: (a) wake (b) wakes
Ans / āĻāϤā§āϤ⧰: wake
Explanation: “They” is plural, so base verb “wake” is used.
āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻž: “They” āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāĻāύ, āϏā§āϝāĻŧā§ “wake” āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšāĻžā§° āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
12. Q: She ___ the door. āĻĒā§ā§°āĻļā§āύ: āϤāĻžāĻ āĻĻā§ā§ąāĻžā§°āĻāύ ___āĨ¤
Options / āĻŦāĻŋāĻāϞā§āĻĒ: (a) opened (b) open
Ans / āĻāϤā§āϤ⧰: opened
Explanation: “Opened” shows past tense action. āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻž: “Opened” āĻ āϤā§āϤ āĻāĻžāϞ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
VERBS
11. Q: She ___ beautifully. āĻĒā§ā§°āĻļā§āύ: āϤāĻžāĻ āϏā§āύā§āĻĻā§°āĻā§ ___āĨ¤
Options / āĻŦāĻŋāĻāϞā§āĻĒ: (a) sings (b) sing
Ans / āĻāϤā§āϤ⧰: sings
Explanation: “She” is singular, so the verb takes -s. āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻž: “She” āĻāĻāĻŦāĻāύ, āϏā§āϝāĻŧā§āĻšā§ verb āϤ -s āϝā§āĻ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
12. Q: They ___ the exam well. āĻĒā§ā§°āĻļā§āύ: āϏāĻŋāĻšāĻāϤ⧠āĻĒā§°ā§āĻā§āώāĻžāĻā§ āĻāĻžāϞāĻĻā§°ā§ ___āĨ¤
Options / āĻŦāĻŋāĻāϞā§āĻĒ: (a) wrote (b) write
Ans / āĻāϤā§āϤ⧰: wrote
Explanation: “Wrote” is the past tense of “write”. āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻž: “Wrote” āĻšā§āĻā§ “write” ā§° āĻ āϤā§āϤ āĻāĻžāϞāĨ¤
13. Q: He ___ loudly. āĻĒā§ā§°āĻļā§āύ: āϏāĻŋ āĻā§ā§°ā§ ___āĨ¤
Options / āĻŦāĻŋāĻāϞā§āĻĒ: (a) shouts (b) shout
Ans / āĻāϤā§āϤ⧰: shouts
Explanation: “He” is singular, so the verb ends with -s. āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻž: “He” āĻāĻāĻŦāĻāύ, āϏā§āϝāĻŧā§āĻšā§ verb āϤ -s āϞāĻžāĻā§āĨ¤
14. Q: I ___ a story. āĻĒā§ā§°āĻļā§āύ: āĻŽāĻ āĻāĻāύ āĻāϞā§āĻĒ ___āĨ¤
Options / āĻŦāĻŋāĻāϞā§āĻĒ: (a) read (b) reads
Ans / āĻāϤā§āϤ⧰: read
Explanation: With subject “I”, the base verb “read” is used. āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻž: “I” ā§° āϞāĻāϤ āĻŽā§āϞ verb “read” āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšāĻžā§° āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
15. Q: The sun ___ in the east. āĻĒā§ā§°āĻļā§āύ: āϏā§ā§°ā§āϝā§āϝ āĻĒā§āĻŦ āĻĻāĻŋāĻļāϤ ___āĨ¤
Options / āĻŦāĻŋāĻāϞā§āĻĒ: (a) rises (b) rise
Ans / āĻāϤā§āϤ⧰: rises
Explanation: “The sun” is singular, so verb takes -s. āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻž: “Sun” āĻāĻāĻŦāĻāύ, āϏā§āϝāĻŧā§āĻšā§ verb āϤ -s āϝā§āĻ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
16. Q: We ___ the room clean. āĻĒā§ā§°āĻļā§āύ: āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻā§āĻ āĻžāĻā§ āĻĒā§°āĻŋāώā§āĻāĻžā§°āĻā§ ___āĨ¤
Options / āĻŦāĻŋāĻāϞā§āĻĒ: (a) keep (b) kept
Ans / āĻāϤā§āϤ⧰: keep
Explanation: This sentence is in present tense, so “keep” is correct.
āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻž: āĻāĻāĻā§ āĻŦā§°ā§āϤāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻāĻžāϞ, āϏā§āϝāĻŧā§ “keep” āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšāĻžā§° āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
17. Q: The cat ___ on the mat. āĻĒā§ā§°āĻļā§āύ: āĻŽā§āĻā§ā§°ā§āĻā§ āĻŽā§āĻāϤ ___āĨ¤
Options / āĻŦāĻŋāĻāϞā§āĻĒ: (a) sits (b) sit
Ans / āĻāϤā§āϤ⧰: sits
Explanation: Singular subject “cat” needs verb with -s.
āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻž: “Cat” āĻāĻāĻŦāĻāύ, āϏā§āϝāĻŧā§āĻšā§ verb āϤ -s āϞāĻžāĻā§āĨ¤
18. Q: They ___ home late. āĻĒā§ā§°āĻļā§āύ: āϏāĻŋāĻšāĻāϤ⧠āĻĻā§ā§°āĻŋ āĻā§°āĻŋ āĻā§° ___āĨ¤
Options / āĻŦāĻŋāĻāϞā§āĻĒ: (a) reach (b) reaches
Ans / āĻāϤā§āϤ⧰: reach
Explanation: “They” is plural, so base verb “reach” is used. āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻž: “They” āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāĻāύ, āϏā§āϝāĻŧā§ “reach” āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšāĻžā§° āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
19. Q: The artist ___ a picture. āĻĒā§ā§°āĻļā§āύ : āĻļāĻŋāϞā§āĻĒā§āϝāĻŧā§ āĻāĻāύ āĻāĻŦāĻŋ ___āĨ¤
Options / āĻŦāĻŋāĻāϞā§āĻĒ: (a) drew (b) draw
Ans / āĻāϤā§āϤ⧰: drew
Explanation: “Drew” is the past tense of “draw”. āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻž: “Drew” āĻšā§āĻā§ “draw” ā§° āĻ āϤā§āϤ āĻāĻžāϞāĨ¤
20. Q: She ___ quickly. āĻĒā§ā§°āĻļā§āύ: āϤāĻžāĻ āĻĻā§ā§°ā§āϤāĻāϤāĻŋāϤ ___āĨ¤
Options / āĻŦāĻŋāĻāϞā§āĻĒ: (a) runs (b) run
Ans / āĻāϤā§āϤ⧰: runs
Explanation: “She” is singular, so verb takes -s. āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻž: “She” āĻāĻāĻŦāĻāύ, āϏā§āϝāĻŧā§āĻšā§ verb āϤ -s āϝā§āĻ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
21.Q: The flowers ___ good. āĻĒā§ā§°āĻļā§āύ: āĻĢā§āϞāĻŦā§ā§° āĻāĻžāϞāĻā§ ___āĨ¤
Options / āĻŦāĻŋāĻāϞā§āĻĒ: (a) smell (b) smells
Ans / āĻāϤā§āϤ⧰: smell
Explanation: “Flowers” is plural, so base verb “smell” is used. āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻž: “Flowers” āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāĻāύ, āϏā§āϝāĻŧā§ “smell” āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšāĻžā§° āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
22.Q: I ___ the window. āĻĒā§ā§°āĻļā§āύ: āĻŽāĻ āĻāĻžāύāϞāĻžāĻāύ ___āĨ¤
Options / āĻŦāĻŋāĻāϞā§āĻĒ: (a) closed (b) close
Ans / āĻāϤā§āϤ⧰: closed
Explanation: “Closed” shows a past action. āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻž: “Closed” āĻ āϤā§āϤ āĻāĻžāϞ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤