Biology & Science Practice Questions
Biology & Science
Q1. Who is the author of the book "Origin of Species"?
Options: (a) Charles Darwin (b) Alfred Wallace (c) Gregor Mendel (d) Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
Ans: (a) Charles Darwin
Explanation: Charles Darwin wrote Origin of Species in 1859, introducing natural selection theory to explain how species evolve and adapt over time.
Q2. Which portion of plants enables the transport of water and minerals ?
Options: (a) Xylem (b) Phloem (c) Cortex (d) Epidermis
Ans: (a) Xylem
Explanation: Xylem transports water and minerals from roots to leaves, providing structural support and maintaining water balance essential for photosynthesis.
Q3. Who discovered bacteria ?
Options: (a) Antony van Leeuwenhoek (b) Louis Pasteur (c) Robert Koch (d) Alexander Fleming
Ans: (a) Antony van Leeuwenhoek
Explanation: In 1676, Antony van Leeuwenhoek first observed microorganisms under a microscope. Later, scientists classified and named bacteria systematically.
Q4. Who discovered/invented cells ?
Options: (a) Robert Hooke (b) Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (c) Rudolf Virchow (d) Matthias Schleiden
Ans: (a) Robert Hooke
Explanation: In 1665, Robert Hooke observed cork under a microscope and coined the term “cell” because the structures resembled small rooms.
Q5. What flows through plants ?
Options: (a) Water (b) Food (c) Sap (d) Minerals
Ans: (c) Sap
Explanation: Sap transports nutrients and water: xylem carries water/minerals upward, and phloem distributes food from leaves to other plant parts.
Q6. What is blood ?
Options: (a) Liquid tissue (b) Combined tissue (c) Cell (d) Plasma
Ans: (b) Combined tissue
Explanation: Blood is a connective tissue with plasma, red and white blood cells, and platelets, performing transport, immunity, and regulatory functions.
Q7. What is the meaning of the human scientific name "Homo sapiens"?
Options: (a) Wise human (b) Upright human (c) First human (d) Intelligent primate
Ans: (a) Wise human
Explanation: Homo sapiens means “wise human,” reflecting humans’ advanced cognitive abilities, reasoning, and intelligence.
Q8. Dinosaurs flourished during which era ?
Options: (a) Paleozoic (b) Mesozoic (c) Cenozoic (d) Precambrian
Ans: (b) Mesozoic
Explanation: Dinosaurs dominated the Mesozoic Era (252–66 million years ago), also called the Age of Reptiles, before their extinction at the Cretaceous period’s end.
Q9. Which organ does not absorb nutrients ?
Options: (a) Stomach (b) Small intestine (c) Large intestine (d) Brain
Ans: (d) Brain
Explanation: The brain regulates body functions but does not absorb nutrients; absorption occurs mainly in the small intestine.
Q10. Which element determines hair color ?
Options: (a) Melanin (b) Keratin (c) Sulfur (d) Copper
Ans: (a) Melanin
Explanation: Hair color is determined by melanin pigments. Eumelanin produces dark shades, and pheomelanin produces lighter or red hair.
Q11. Enzymes are basically made of:
Options: (a) Carbohydrates (b) Protein (c) Lipids (d) Nucleic acids
Ans: (b) Protein
Explanation: Enzymes are biological catalysts made of proteins, accelerating biochemical reactions without being consumed.
Q12. Full form of RNA:
Options: (a) Ribo Nucleic Acid (b) Ribo Nitric Acid (c) Random Nucleic Acid (d) Ribon Acid
Ans: (a) Ribo Nucleic Acid
Explanation: RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) is a nucleic acid essential for coding, decoding, regulation, and expression of genes in cells.
Q13. Which protein is found in milk ?
Options: (a) Casein (b) Gluten (c) Collagen (d) Keratin
Ans: (a) Casein
Explanation: Casein is the primary protein in milk, providing essential amino acids and supporting growth and nutrition in mammals.
Q14. Who is called the carrier of genetic material ?
Options: (a) DNA (b) RNA (c) Protein (d) Jean
Ans: (a) DNA
Explanation: DNA carries genetic instructions for growth, development, reproduction, and functioning of all living organisms.
Q15. The group of genes responsible for genetic traits is called:
Options: (a) Chromosome (b) Genotype (c) Phenotype (d) Allele
Ans: (b) Genotype
Explanation: Genotype is the complete set of genes in an organism responsible for inherited traits.
Q16. Selection of physical or mental qualities in children from parents is called:
Options: (a) Evolution (b) Genetics (c) Breeding (d) Mutation
Ans: (b) Genetics
Explanation: Genetics studies inheritance, explaining how traits are passed from parents to offspring, including physical and mental characteristics.
Q17. Best source of iodine:
Options: (a) Algae (b) Milk (c) Salt (d) Fruits
Ans: (a) Algae
Explanation: Seaweed/algae is rich in iodine, essential for thyroid hormone production and preventing goiter.
Q18. Element present in both cement and bones:
Options: (a) Calcium (b) Iron (c) Magnesium (d) Potassium
Ans: (a) Calcium
Explanation: Calcium is a key component in bones for strength and in cement as calcium compounds for binding and structure.
Q19. Deficiency causes anemia disease:
Options: (a) Iron (b) Vitamin B12 (c) Calcium (d) Iodine
Ans: (a) Iron
Explanation: Iron deficiency reduces hemoglobin production, causing anemia, fatigue, and weakened immunity.
Q20. Vitamin related to blood clotting:
Options: (a) Vitamin K (b) Vitamin D (c) Vitamin E (d) Vitamin A
Ans: (a) Vitamin K
Explanation: Vitamin K is essential for synthesizing clotting factors, preventing excessive bleeding, and supporting bone health.
Q21. Highest quantity in spinach leaves:
Options: (a) Iron (b) Calcium (c) Vitamin A (d) Magnesium
Ans: (a) Iron
Explanation: Spinach is rich in iron, essential for hemoglobin production, oxygen transport, and preventing anemia.
Q22. Skin cells are made from:
Options: (a) Epidermis (b) Dermis (c) Under-skin cells (d) Hair follicles
Ans: (c) Under-skin cells
Explanation: Skin cells regenerate from basal layer cells in the dermis, replacing dead epidermal cells continuously.
Q23. Plant cell wall is made of:
Options: (a) Cellulose & Pectin (b) Keratin (c) Collagen (d) Lignin
Ans: (a) Cellulose & Pectin
Explanation: Plant cell walls consist of cellulose for rigidity and pectin for flexibility, supporting structure and protecting the cell.
Q24. Smallest unit of life of all living beings:
Options: (a) Atom (b) Cell (c) Molecule (d) Tissue
Ans: (b) Cell
Explanation: The cell is the smallest structural and functional unit of life, capable of independent existence, metabolism, and reproduction.
Q25. Father of germ theory:
Options: (a) Louis Pasteur (b) Robert Koch (c) Joseph Lister (d) Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
Ans: (a) Louis Pasteur
Explanation: Louis Pasteur demonstrated that microorganisms cause diseases, establishing germ theory, leading to vaccines, sterilization, and modern microbiology.