Environment facts
Environment facts
Environmental Laws & Acts
1. Environment Protection Act implemented? – 1986
Explanation: Passed after increasing pollution concerns and to provide a single, comprehensive law for environmental protection in India.
2. Passed after which incident? – Bhopal Gas Tragedy
Explanation: The 1984 Bhopal disaster exposed weak environmental laws, leading to a strong national act for industrial safety and pollution control.
3. Water Pollution Prevention & Control Act? – 1974
Explanation: First major law to control water pollution and establish Central and State Pollution Control Boards.
4. Air Pollution Prevention & Control Act? – 1981
Explanation: Enacted to control air pollution, monitor air quality, and regulate industrial emissions.
5. Environment Ministry formed? – 1985
Explanation: Created to coordinate India’s environmental policies, conservation efforts, and pollution control programs.
6. CPCB formed? – 1974
Explanation: Established under Water Act to control water and air pollution nationwide.
7. Wetland Protection Rules applied? – 2010
Explanation: Implemented to conserve wetlands, prevent encroachment, and protect biodiversity.
International Environmental Agreements
1. Kyoto Protocol adopted? – 1997
Explanation: A global treaty to reduce greenhouse gas emissions under UNFCCC, binding developed countries.
2. Paris Agreement? – 2015
Explanation: A global climate deal to limit global warming below 2°C with voluntary emission reduction targets.
3. Earth Summit held? – Rio de Janeiro, 1992
Explanation: A major UN conference focusing on sustainable development, climate change, and biodiversity.
Environmental Days & Education
1. World Environment Day? – 5 June
Explanation: Celebrated globally to create awareness about environmental protection and sustainability.
2. Environmental education mandatory in India? – 2003
Explanation: Supreme Court directed schools to include environmental studies to promote awareness among students.
3. First Environment Day in India? – 1974
Explanation: India joined the global celebration to raise awareness about conservation.
Conservation Programs & Policies
1. Chipko Movement relates to? – Forest Conservation
Explanation: People hugged trees in Uttarakhand to stop deforestation and promote forest protection.
2. Project Tiger started? – 1973
Explanation: Launched to protect tigers and establish tiger reserves across India.
3. National Forest Policy declared? – 1988
Explanation: Focused on conservation, sustainable development, and increasing forest cover.
4. Forest survey interval? – Every 2 years
Explanation: India conducts biennial forest surveys to monitor forest cover and ecological health.
5. Mission Amrit Sarovar relates to? – Water Conservation
Explanation: Government program to rejuvenate water bodies and increase water storage.
6. Minimum target of forest sector in India? – 33% Forest Cover
Explanation: National Forest Policy recommends one-third of India’s land area under forest/tree cover for ecological balance.
Biodiversity & Reserves
1. 1. Concept of Biosphere Reserve? – UNESCO
Explanation: UNESCO launched the Man and Biosphere (MAB) program to protect ecosystems and biodiversity.
2. India’s first biosphere reserve? – Nilgiri (1986)
Explanation: Established to conserve unique Western Ghats biodiversity and tribal culture.
3. India’s largest Ramsar site? – Sundarban
Explanation: World’s largest mangrove forest, rich in biodiversity and crucial for climate protection.
Environmental Institutions
1. 1. National Green Tribunal (NGT) established? – 2010
Explanation: Formed to handle environmental cases quickly and enforce legal rights related to environmental protection.
2. National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) started? – 2019
Explanation: National program to improve air quality by reducing particulate pollution in major cities.
Eco-friendly Initiatives
1. Zero Defect Zero Effect (ZED) Plan? – Eco-friendly Production
Explanation: Encourages industries to produce high-quality products with minimal environmental impact.
2. Carbon Credit belongs to? – Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Explanation: A permit allowing countries or companies to emit limited greenhouse gases, traded in carbon markets.