Explanation: The geocentric theory, which states that the Earth is at the center of the universe and all celestial bodies revolve around it, was formulated by the ancient Greek astronomer Claudius Ptolemy. This theory was widely accepted until the heliocentric model proposed by Copernicus came into prominence.

Explanation: The centripetal force required for a vehicle (car or bicycle) to go around a circular curve depends on two factors: Speed (v) of the vehicle: The faster the vehicle moves, the greater the centripetal force required. Radius of curvature (r): A smaller radius (sharper curve) requires a larger centripetal force. The formula for centripetal force is: Fc = mv sq / r ​Where: m is the mass of the vehicle, v is the speed, r is the radius of the curve.

Explanation: The air resistance (also called drag) acting on a freely falling body depends on several factors, but shape plays a key role. The shape of the object affects how it interacts with air particles as it moves through the atmosphere. In addition to shape, the air resistance also depends on: Density of the air (D): Air resistance is greater in denser air. Speed of the object (v): Higher speed leads to more air resistance.

Explanation: For a projectile, the maximum range is achieved when the angle of projection is 45° (assuming no air resistance). This angle balances the vertical and horizontal components of velocity, giving the projectile the greatest distance.

Explanation: The strongest force in nature is the nuclear force. It binds protons and neutrons together in the atomic nucleus. It is much stronger than gravity, electromagnetism, and electrostatic force.

Explanation: The wavelength of matter waves, according to de Broglie’s theory, is independent of charge. It is determined by the particle's mass and velocity, not its charge or electromagnetic properties.