Assertion and Reason (A&R) Test
Assertion (A) : Petrol fire cannot be extinguished by pouring water over it. Reason (R) : Water is heavier than petrol.
  • Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
  • A is false but R is true.
  • A is true but R is false.
Explanation: Water is heavier than petrol, so it sinks while petrol floats and keeps burning. Instead of water, sand or foam should be used to put out petrol fires.
Assertion (A) : Safety fuses are made up of materials having a high melting point. Reason (R) : Safety fuses should be resistant to electric current.
  • Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
  • A is true but R is false.
  • Both A and R are false
Explanation: Assertion (A) is false because safety fuses are made of materials with a low melting point (like tin-lead alloy) so that they melt and break the circuit when excessive current flows. Reason (R) is also false because safety fuses are not resistant to electric current; instead, they are designed to allow current to pass but melt under excessive current flow to prevent damage.
Assertion (A) : Leaves of plants are green. Reason (R) : Plants contain chromoplasts, the green pigment.
  • Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
  • A is true but R is false.
  • A is false but R is true
Explanation: Assertion (A) is true because leaves of plants are green. Reason (R) is false because the green pigment in plants is chlorophyll, which is found in chloroplasts, not chromoplasts. Chromoplasts contain pigments like carotenoids that give red, yellow, and orange colors.
Assertion (A) : Beri-beri is a viral infection. Reason (R) : Vitamin deficiency causes diseases.
  • Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
  • Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • A is false but R is true.
  • A is true but R is false
Explanation: Beri-beri is not a viral infection; it is a disease caused by vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency. So, Assertion (A) is false. Vitamin deficiencies do cause diseases (e.g., scurvy due to vitamin C deficiency, rickets due to vitamin D deficiency). So, Reason (R) is true.
Assertion (A) : Diamond is used for cutting glass. Reason (R) : Diamond has a high refractive index.
  • Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
  • Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • A is true but R is false.
  • A is false but R is true.
Explanation: A (True): Diamond is used for cutting glass. R (True): Diamond has a high refractive index. But: Diamond cuts glass due to its hardness, not because of its refractive index. Correct Answer: (A) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Assertion (A) : Tamil Nadu gets most of the rainfall in winter. Reason (R) : Tamil Nadu gets rainfall from retreating monsoons.
  • Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
  • A is true but R is false.
  • A is false but R is true.
Explanation: Tamil Nadu receives most of its rainfall in winter due to the retreating monsoons (Northeast Monsoon), which occur from October to December
Assertion (A) : Bangladesh imports jute from India. Reason (R) : Bangladesh has most of the jute mills.
  • Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
    • Explanation: Assertion (A) is false: Bangladesh does not import jute from India; rather, India imports raw jute from Bangladesh because most jute-growing areas went to Bangladesh after partition. Reason (R) is false: Bangladesh does not have most of the jute mills; instead, the majority of jute mills remained in India (mainly in West Bengal) after partition.