What is Computer ?







 













What is a Computer ?  āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžā§° āĻ•āĻŋ ?


Basic Definition (āĻŽā§ŒāϞāĻŋāĻ• āϏāĻ‚āĻœā§āĻžāĻž) : A computer is an electronic machine that takes input (data), processes it according to instructions, and gives output (result). : āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžā§° āĻāϟāĻž āχāϞ⧇āĻ•ā§āĻŸā§ā§°āύāĻŋāĻ• āϝāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ā§°, āϝāĻŋ data (input) āĻ—ā§ā§°āĻšāĻŖ āϕ⧰⧇, āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļāύāĻž āĻ…āύ⧁āϏ⧰āĻŋ process āϕ⧰⧇ āφ⧰⧁ āĻĢāϞāĻžāĻĢāϞ (output) āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇āĨ¤

How Computer Works (Computer āϕ⧇āύ⧇āĻ•ā§ˆ āĻ•āĻžāĻŽ āϕ⧰⧇ ?) : A computer works in 4 main steps:



  1. Input (āχāύāĻĒ⧁āϟ) : Input means giving data to the computer using devices like keyboard, mouse, scanner.(Input āĻŽāĻžāύ⧇ āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžā§°āĻ• āϤāĻĨā§āϝ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĨ¤ Keyboard, mouse āφāĻĻāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšāĻžā§° āϕ⧰āĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤) Ex: Typing text, clicking mouse (āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšā§°āĻŖ: āϟāĻžāχāĻĒ āϕ⧰āĻž, mouse āĻ•ā§āϞāĻŋāĻ• āϕ⧰āĻž)

  2. Processing (āĻĒā§ā§°āĻ•ā§ā§°āĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϕ⧰āĻŖ) : The computer processes data using CPU (brain of computer). It follows instructions stored in memory. (CPU (āĻŽāĻ—āϜ⧁) data āĻĒā§ā§°āĻ•ā§ā§°āĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϕ⧰āĻŖ āϕ⧰⧇ āφ⧰⧁ memoryāϤ āĻĨāĻ•āĻž āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļāύāĻž āĻ…āύ⧁āϏ⧰āĻŋ āĻ•āĻžāĻŽ āϕ⧰⧇āĨ¤)

  3. Output (āφāωāϟāĻĒ⧁āϟ) : After processing, the computer shows the result through monitor, printer, speaker. (āĻĒā§ā§°āĻ•ā§ā§°āĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžā§° āĻĒāĻžāĻ›āϤ monitor, printer āφāĻĻāĻŋ⧰⧇ āĻĢāϞāĻžāĻĢāϞ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–ā§ā§ąāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤)

  4. Storage (āϏāς⧰āĻ•ā§āώāĻŖ): Computer stores data and results for future use (hard disk, SSD, pen drive). (āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžā§°ā§‡ data āφ⧰⧁ āĻĢāϞāĻžāĻĢāϞ āĻ­ā§ąāĻŋāĻˇā§āϝāϤ⧰ āĻŦāĻžāĻŦ⧇ āϏāς⧰āĻ•ā§āώāĻŖ āϕ⧰⧇āĨ¤)



Simple Flow (āϏāĻšāϜ āĻĒā§ā§°āĻŦāĻžāĻš) : Input → Process → Output → Storage (āχāύāĻĒ⧁āϟ → āĻĒā§ā§°āĻ•ā§ā§°āĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϕ⧰āĻŖ → āφāωāϟāĻĒ⧁āϟ → āϏāς⧰āĻ•ā§āώāĻŖ)

 

Important Features of Computer (āϗ⧁⧰⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚ā§°ā§āĻŖ āĻŦ⧈āĻļāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āϝ)

  • Speed (āĻ—āϤāĻŋāĻļā§€āϞāϤāĻž) : Works very fast (millions of calculations per second) (āĻ…āĻ¤ā§āϝāĻ¨ā§āϤ āĻĻā§ā§°ā§āϤ āĻ•āĻžāĻŽ āϕ⧰⧇)

  • Accuracy (āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ•āϤāĻž) : Gives correct results if input is correct (āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ• input āĻĻāĻŋāϞ⧇ āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻĢāϞāĻžāĻĢāϞ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇)

  • Storage (āϏāς⧰āĻ•ā§āώāĻŖ āĻ•ā§āώāĻŽāϤāĻž): Can store large amount of data (āĻŦāĻšā§ data āϏāς⧰āĻ•ā§āώāĻŖ āϕ⧰āĻŋāĻŦ āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§‡)

  • Automation (āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāϝāĻŧāĻ‚āĻ•ā§ā§°āĻŋāϝāĻŧāϤāĻž): Works automatically once instructions are given (āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļāύāĻž āĻĻāĻŋāϞ⧇ āύāĻŋāĻœā§‡ āύāĻŋāĻœā§‡ āĻ•āĻžāĻŽ āϕ⧰⧇)

  • Versatility (āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŽā§āĻ–ā§€āϤāĻž): Can do many types of work (study, games, office, design) (āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāĻŋāϧ āĻ•āĻžāĻŽ āϕ⧰āĻŋāĻŦ āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§‡)


Parts of Computer System (āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžā§°ā§° āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļāϏāĻŽā§‚āĻš)

  1. Hardware (āĻšāĻžā§°ā§āĻĄā§ąā§‡ā§°) : Physical parts (keyboard, mouse, monitor, CPU) (āϝāĻŋ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļ āϚ⧁āĻŦ āĻĒāĻžā§°āĻŋ)

  2. Software (āϚāĻĢā§āĻŸā§ąā§‡ā§°) : Programs that tell computer what to do (āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžā§°āĻ• āĻ•āĻžāĻŽ āϕ⧰āĻŋāĻŦāϞ⧈ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇)

  3. User (āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšāĻžā§°āĻ•āĻžā§°ā§€) : Person who uses the computer (āϝāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžā§° āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšāĻžā§° āϕ⧰⧇)


Uses of Computer (āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšāĻžā§°)

• Education - āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻž
• Banking - āĻŦ⧇āĻ‚āĻ•āĻŋāĻ‚
• Communication - āϝ⧋āĻ—āĻžāϝ⧋āĻ—
• Entertainment - āĻŦāĻŋāύ⧋āĻĻāύ
• Office work - āĻ•āĻžā§°ā§āϝāĻžāϞāϝāĻŧ āĻ•āĻžāĻŽ

 

Definition : A computer is an electronic device that accepts input, processes data, and produces output. (āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžā§° āĻāϟāĻž āχāϞ⧇āĻ•ā§āĻŸā§ā§°āύāĻŋāĻ• āϝāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ā§°, āϝāĻŋ input āϞ⧈ process āϕ⧰āĻŋ output āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇āĨ¤)

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MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions)



1) A computer is an ______ device. āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžā§° āĻāϟāĻž ______ āĻĄāĻŋāĻ­āĻžāχāϚāĨ¤

A) Mechanical (āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ā§°āĻŋāĻ•) | B) Electronic (āχāϞ⧇āĻ•ā§āĻŸā§ā§°āύāĻŋāĻ•) | C) Manual | D) Automatic


Ans: B) Electronic


Explanation: Computer is an electronic machine. : āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžā§° āĻāϟāĻž āχāϞ⧇āĻ•ā§āĻŸā§ā§°āύāĻŋāĻ• āϝāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ā§°āĨ¤


2) Computer works on which cycle ? āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžā§° āϕ⧋āύ āϚāĻ•ā§āϰāϤ āĻ•āĻžāĻŽ āϕ⧰⧇ ?

A) Input → Output | B) Process → Input | C) Input → Process → Output | D) Output → Input


Ans: C) Input → Process → Output
Explanation: This is basic working cycle. : āĻāχāĻŸā§‹ āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžā§°ā§° āĻŽā§‚āϞ āĻ•āĻžāĻŽā§° āϧāĻžāĻĒāĨ¤


3) Which is the brain of computer ? āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžā§°ā§° āĻŽāĻ—āϜ⧁ āϕ⧋āύāĻŸā§‹ ?

A) RAM | B) CPU | C) Monitor | D) Keyboard


Ans: B) CPU
Explanation: CPU controls all operations. : CPU āϏāĻ•āϞ⧋ āĻ•āĻžāĻŽ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ā§°āĻŖ āϕ⧰⧇āĨ¤


4) Which device is used to give input ? Input āĻĻāĻŋāĻŦāϞ⧈ āϕ⧋āύ device āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšāĻžā§° āĻšāϝāĻŧ ?

A) Monitor | B) Printer | C) Keyboard | D) Speaker


Ans: C) Keyboard
Explanation: Keyboard is an input device. : Keyboard āĻāϟāĻž input deviceāĨ¤


5) Which device shows output ? Output āĻĻ⧇āĻ–ā§ā§ąāĻžāĻŦāϞ⧈ āϕ⧋āύ device āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšāĻžā§° āĻšāϝāĻŧ ?

A) Mouse | B) Scanner | C) Monitor | D) Keyboard


Ans: C) Monitor
Explanation: Monitor displays results. : Monitor āĻĢāϞāĻžāĻĢāϞ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–ā§ā§ąāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤


6) Computer processes data using – āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžā§°ā§‡ data āĻ•āĻŋāĻšā§‡ā§°ā§‡ process āϕ⧰⧇ ?

A) Mouse | B) CPU | C) Printer | D) Scanner


Ans: B) CPU
Explanation: CPU processes data. : CPU data process āϕ⧰⧇āĨ¤


7) Storage device example – Storage deviceā§° āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšā§°āĻŖ āϕ⧋āύāĻŸā§‹ ?

A) Monitor | B) Keyboard | C) Hard Disk | D) Mouse


Ans: C) Hard Disk
Explanation: Hard disk stores data. : Hard disk data āϏāς⧰āĻ•ā§āώāĻŖ āϕ⧰⧇āĨ¤


8) Which is not a function of computer ? āϤāϞ⧰ āϕ⧋āύāĻŸā§‹ āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžā§°ā§° āĻ•āĻžāĻŽ āύāĻšāϝāĻŧ ?

A) Input | B) Processing | C) Cooking | D) Storage


Ans: C) Cooking
Explanation: Computer cannot cook food. : āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžā§°ā§‡ ā§°āĻžāĻ¨ā§āϧāĻŋāĻŦ āĻ¨ā§‹ā§ąāĻžā§°ā§‡āĨ¤


9) Instructions are stored in – āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļāύāĻž āĻ•’āϤ āϏāς⧰āĻ•ā§āώāĻŖ āĻšāϝāĻŧ ?

A) Monitor | B) Memory | C) Mouse | D) Printer


Ans: B) Memory
Explanation: Instructions are stored in memory. : āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļāύāĻž memoryāϤ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇āĨ¤


10) Computer is a system of – āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžā§° āĻ•āĻŋ āϧ⧰āĻŖā§° āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§ąāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž ?

A) Single device | B) Multiple components | C) Only software | D) Only hardware


Ans: B) Multiple components
Explanation: It is a system of many parts working together. : āχ āĻŦāĻšā§ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļ āĻŽāĻŋāϞāĻŋ āĻ—āĻ āĻŋāϤ āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§ąāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĨ¤


Short Questions (Exam Practice)


1) What is a computer ? āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžā§° āĻ•āĻŋ ?


Ans: A computer is an electronic device that takes input, processes it, and gives output. āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžā§° āĻāϟāĻž āχāϞ⧇āĻ•ā§āĻŸā§ā§°āύāĻŋāĻ• āϝāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ā§° āϝāĻŋ input āϞ⧈ process āϕ⧰āĻŋ output āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇āĨ¤



2) Write any two functions of a computer. āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžā§°ā§° āϝāĻŋāϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻž āĻ•āĻžāĻŽ āϞāĻŋāĻ–āĻžāĨ¤

Ans: Input and Output : āχāύāĻĒ⧁āϟ āφ⧰⧁ āφāωāϟāĻĒ⧁āϟ


3) What is input? Give example. Input āĻ•āĻŋ ? āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšā§°āĻŖ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĨ¤

Ans: Input is data given to computer (Keyboard). Input āĻŽāĻžāύ⧇ āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžā§°āϞ⧈ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž data (Keyboard)āĨ¤


4) What is output ? Output āĻ•āĻŋ ?

Ans: Output is the result produced by computer. Output āĻšā§ˆāϛ⧇ āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžā§°ā§‡ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻĢāϞāĻžāĻĢāϞāĨ¤


5) What is CPU ? CPU āĻ•āĻŋ ?

Ans: CPU is the brain of computer. CPU āĻšā§ˆāϛ⧇ āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžā§°ā§° āĻŽāĻ—āϜ⧁āĨ¤


6) What is storage ? Storage āĻ•āĻŋ ?

Ans: Storage means saving data for future use. Storage āĻŽāĻžāύ⧇ data āϏāς⧰āĻ•ā§āώāĻŖ āϕ⧰āĻžāĨ¤

 

7) Give two examples of input devices. Input deviceā§° āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻž āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšā§°āĻŖ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĨ¤

Ans: Keyboard, Mouse : āϕ⧀āĻŦā§°ā§āĻĄ, āĻŽāĻžāωāĻ›


8) Give two examples of output devices. Output deviceā§° āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻž āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšā§°āĻŖ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĨ¤

Ans: Monitor, Printer : āĻŽāύāĻŋāϟ⧰, āĻĒā§ā§°āĻŋāĻŖā§āϟāĻžā§°


9) What is processing ? Processing āĻ•āĻŋ ?

Ans: Processing means converting data into useful information. : Processing āĻŽāĻžāύ⧇ dataāĻ• āωāĻĒāϝ⧋āĻ—ā§€ āϤāĻĨā§āϝāϞ⧈ ā§°ā§‚āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧰ āϕ⧰āĻžāĨ¤


10) What are instructions ? Instructions āĻ•āĻŋ ?

Ans: Instructions are commands that tell computer what to do. : Instructions āĻšā§ˆāϛ⧇ āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžā§°āĻ• āĻ•āĻžāĻŽ āϕ⧰āĻŋāĻŦāϞ⧈ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļāύāĻžāĨ¤