Mean (āĻāĻĄāĻŧ), Median (āĻŽāϧā§āϝāĻŽ āĻŽāĻžāύ), Mode (āĻŦāĻšā§āϞāĻ) and Range (āĻĒā§°āĻŋāϏ⧰):
1. Mean (Average) – āĻāĻĄāĻŧ
Formula (āϏā§āϤā§ā§°): Mean = Sum of all observations / Number of observationsāĻāĻĄāĻŧ = āϏāĻāϞ⧠āĻŽāĻžāύ⧰ āϝā§āĻāĻĢāϞ ÷ āĻŽā§āĻ āĻŽāĻžāύ⧰ āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻž)
Ex: Find the mean of 8, 10, 12, 14, 16
Solution:
Sum = 8 + 10 + 12 + 14 + 16 = 60
Number of observations = 5
Mean = 60/5 = 12
Ans: 12
Short Trick : Mean = Add ÷ Count (Add all values, then divide by the number of values.) [āĻāĻĄāĻŧ = āϝā§āĻāĻĢāϞ ÷ āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻž (āϏāĻāϞ⧠āĻŽāĻžāύ āϝā§āĻ āĻā§°āĻŋ āĻŽā§āĻ āĻŽāĻžāύ⧰ āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻžā§°ā§ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻā§°āĻāĨ¤)]
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2. Median – āĻŽāϧā§āϝāĻŽ āĻŽāĻžāύ
Formula (āϏā§āϤā§ā§°)
If n is odd (āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻŽāĻžāύ⧰ āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻā§āĻĄāĻŧ āĻšāϝāĻŧ): Median = (n+1/2)th observation
If n is even (āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻŽāĻžāύ⧰ āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻž āϝā§āĻā§āĻŽ āĻšāϝāĻŧ): Median = (n/2)th+(n/2+1)th / 2
Ex: Find the mean of 5, 7, 9, 11, 13
Solution:
Data (Ascending Order) / āϤāĻĨā§āϝāϏāĻŽā§āĻš (āϏ⧰ā§ā§° āĻĒā§°āĻž āĻĄāĻžāĻā§°āϞā§):
5, 7, 9, 11, 13
Number of observations / āĻŽā§āĻ āĻŽāĻžāύ⧰ āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻž = 5 (Odd / āĻŦāĻŋāĻā§āĻĄāĻŧ)
Median Position / āĻŽāϧā§āϝāĻŽ āĻŽāĻžāύ⧰ āϏā§āĻĨāĻžāύ: 5 + 1/2 â= 3rd(ā§ŠāϝāĻŧ)
3rd Observation / ā§ŠāϝāĻŧ āĻŽāĻžāύ = 9
Ans: 9
Short Trick :
Median = Middle Number (Arrange → Middle) : āĻĒā§ā§°āĻĨāĻŽā§ āϤāĻĨā§āϝāϏāĻŽā§āĻš āϏ⧰ā§ā§° āĻĒā§°āĻž āĻĄāĻžāĻā§°āϞ⧠āϏāĻžāĻāĻ, āϤāĻžā§° āĻĒāĻŋāĻāϤ āĻŽāĻžāĻā§° āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻžāĻā§ā§ąā§āĻ Median (āĻŽāϧā§āϝāĻŽ āĻŽāĻžāύ)āĨ¤
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3. Mode – āĻŦāĻšā§āϞāĻ
Formula (āϏā§āϤā§ā§°) : Mode = The value that occurs most frequently. (āϝāĻŋ āĻŽāĻžāύāĻā§ āϏ⧰ā§āĻŦāĻžāϧāĻŋāĻāĻŦāĻžā§° āĻĻā§āĻāĻž āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ, āϤāĻžāĻ Mode (āĻŦāĻšā§āϞāĻ) āĻŦā§āϞāĻŋ āĻā§ā§ąāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤)
Ex: Find the mode of 2, 4, 5, 5, 6, 7, 5, 8
Solution:
The number 5 occurs 3 times, which is the highest frequency. Therefore, the Mode = 5. (ā§Ģ āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻžāĻā§ ā§Š āĻŦāĻžā§° āĻāĻšāĻŋāĻā§, āϝāĻŋāĻā§ āϏ⧰ā§āĻŦāĻžāϧāĻŋāĻāĨ¤ āϏā§āϝāĻŧā§ āĻŦāĻšā§āϞāĻ (Mode) = ā§ĢāĨ¤)
Short Trick : Mode = Most Repeated Number (Mode → Most) : āϝāĻŋ āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻžāĻā§ āϏ⧰ā§āĻŦāĻžāϧāĻŋāĻāĻŦāĻžā§° āĻāĻšā§, āϏā§āϝāĻŧāĻžāĻ āĻŦāĻšā§āϞāĻ (Mode)āĨ¤
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Range (āĻĒā§°āĻŋāϏ⧰):
Formula (āϏā§āϤā§ā§°): Range = Highest Value − Lowest Value āĻĒā§°āĻŋāϏ⧰ = āϏ⧰ā§āĻŦāĻžāϧāĻŋāĻ āĻŽāĻžāύ − āϏ⧰ā§āĻŦāύāĻŋāĻŽā§āύ āĻŽāĻžāύ)
Q. Find the Range(āĻĒā§°āĻŋāϏ⧰) of the data: 8, 12, 15, 20, 25
Solution / āϏāĻŽāĻžāϧāĻžāύ:
Highest value (āϏ⧰ā§āĻŦāĻžāϧāĻŋāĻ āĻŽāĻžāύ) = 25
Lowest value (āϏ⧰ā§āĻŦāύāĻŋāĻŽā§āύ āĻŽāĻžāύ) = 8
Range = 25 − 8 = 17
Ans / āĻāϤā§āϤ⧰: 17
Short Trick : Range (āĻĒā§°āĻŋāϏ⧰)
Range = Highest − Lowest (āĻĒā§°āĻŋāϏ⧰ = āϏ⧰ā§āĻŦāĻžāϧāĻŋāĻ āĻŽāĻžāύ − āϏ⧰ā§āĻŦāύāĻŋāĻŽā§āύ āĻŽāĻžāύ)