What is a Subject ? পদ / কৰ্তা কি ?

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What is a Subject ? পদ / কৰ্তা কি ?

Definition: A subject is the person, animal, thing, or idea that does the action or is talked about in a sentence. এটা বাক্যত কাৰ্য কৰা ব্যক্তি, জন্তু, বস্তু বা কথা যাৰ বিষয়ে কোৱা হৈছে, তাক Subject (কৰ্তা বোলা হয়।)

Ex: Ram runs fast.→ Ram = Subject. The dog barks. → Who barks? The dog  → The dog = Subject. She is happy. → Who is happy? She → She = Subject

উদাহৰণ: ৰাম দৌৰে। — কোন দৌৰে? ৰাম = Subject . কুকুৰটে ভুকনি মাৰে। — কোন ভুকনি মাৰে? কুকুৰটে = Subject . তেওঁ সুখী। — কোন সুখী? তেওঁ = Subject

Golden Rule: To find the subject, ask: “কাৰ্য্য কোনে কৰিছিল ?” “WHO does the action ?” or “WHAT is the sentence about ?” “বাক্যটো কাক লৈ।”

Note: Every sentence has a subject. প্ৰত্যেক বাক্যত subject থাকে। The subject usually comes before the verb.সাধাৰণতে subject টো ক্রিয়া (verb) ৰ আগতে থাকে। It answers who or what. ই Who / What (কোন / কি) এই প্ৰশ্নৰ উত্তৰ দিয়ে।

Find the subject: The boy plays cricket. Birds fly in the sky. I love reading. Subjects: The boy, Birds, I

Singular & Plural Subjects (Present Simple Tense )

The s / es Rule : Singular Subject (one person/thing): When the subject is singular, the verb usually takes s or es.

Ex: 1. He plays cricket. 2. She reads a book. 3. The boy runs fast.

Plural Subject (more than one): When the subject is plural, the verb does NOT take s or es.

Ex: 1. They play cricket. 2. We read books. 3. The boys run fast.

Wrong Usage (Common Errors): They plays cricket. We reads books. The boys runs fast.

Note: Only He / She / It takes s / es

I play. You play. He / She / It plays. We play. They play

Common Mistake Area:  He play football.- wrong. He plays football. – ok.  They plays football.- wrong. They play football. - ok

Golden Formula: Singular subject → Verb + s / es. Plural subject → Base verb

Remember :  One person → s / es | Many people → no s / es

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MCQS

1. A subject is:

A) Action | B) Doer of action | C) Place | D) Time
Ans:  B) Doer of action

Explanation: The subject is the main part of a sentence that performs the action or is being talked about. Without a subject, we cannot understand who or what is doing the action. ব্যাখ্যা: Subject হৈছে বাক্যৰ মুখ্য অংশ, যিয়ে কাৰ্য্য কৰে বা যাৰ বিষয়ে কোৱা হয়। Subject নাথাকিলে বাক্য বুজা নাযায়।

2. Identify the subject: “Ram runs fast.”

A) runs | B) fast | C) Ram | D) none
Ans: C) Ram
Explanation: Ask “Who runs?” → Ram. So Ram is the subject performing the action. ব্যাখ্যা: “কোনে দৌৰে?” → Ram। সেয়েহে Ram হৈছে subject।

3. “The dog barks.” → Subject is:

A) barks | B) dog | C) The dog | D) bark
Ans: C) The dog
Explanation: The full subject includes article + noun (“The dog”), not just “dog”. ব্যাখ্যা: সম্পূৰ্ণ subject “The dog”, কেৱল “dog” নহয়।

4. “She is happy.” → Subject ?

A) is | B) happy | C) She | D) none
Ans: C) She
Explanation: The sentence talks about “She”; “is” is verb and “happy” is complement. ব্যাখ্যা: বাক্যটো “She” বিষয়ে। “is” verb, “happy” অবস্থা।

5. Subject answers:

A) Where | B) Why | C) Who/What | D) When
Ans: C) Who/What
Explanation: Subject tells “Who does the action?” or “What is the sentence about?”. ব্যাখ্যা: Subject “কোনে/কি” প্ৰশ্নৰ উত্তৰ দিয়ে।

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Hard MCQs

1. Each of the students ___ present. Each of the students ___ উপস্থিত।
A) are | B) were | C) is | D) have
Ans: C) is
Explanation: “Each” is always singular, so it takes a singular verb “is”. ব্যাখ্যা: “Each” সদায় একবচন, সেয়ে “is” ব্যৱহাৰ হয়।

2. Either Ram or his friends ___ going. Either Ram or his friends ___ গৈ আছে।
A) is | B) are | C) was | D) has
Ans: B) are
Explanation: Verb agrees with the nearest subject “friends” (plural). ব্যাখ্যা: নিকটৱৰ্তী subject “friends” বহুবচন, সেয়ে “are”।

3. Neither of the boys ___ ready. Neither of the boys ___ প্ৰস্তুত।
A) are | B) were | C) is | D) have
Ans: C) is
Explanation: “Neither” is singular, so takes “is”. ব্যাখ্যা: “Neither” একবচন, সেয়ে “is”।

4. A number of students ___ absent. A number of students ___ অনুপস্থিত।
A) is | B) are | C) was | D) has
Ans: B) are
Explanation: “A number of” means many → plural verb. ব্যাখ্যা: “A number of” মানে বহু → বহুবচন verb।

5. The number of students ___ increasing. The number of students ___ বাঢ়ি আছে।
A) are | B) were | C) is | D) have
Ans: C) is
Explanation: “The number” is singular → “is”. ব্যাখ্যা: “The number” একবচন।

6. Everyone ___ his work. Everyone ___ তেওঁৰ কাম।
A) know | B) knows | C) knowing | D) have
Ans: B) knows
Explanation: “Everyone” is singular → “knows”. ব্যাখ্যা: “Everyone” একবচন → “knows”।

7. Bread and butter ___ my breakfast. Bread and butter ___ মোৰ খাদ্য।
A) are | B) were | C) is | D) have
Ans: C) is
Explanation: Considered one item → singular verb. ব্যাখ্যা: এটা বস্তু হিচাপে ধৰা হয় → একবচন।

8. The teacher along with students ___ present. Teacher along with students ___ উপস্থিত।
A) are | B) were | C) is | D) have
Ans: C) is
Explanation: Main subject “teacher” is singular. ব্যাখ্যা: মুখ্য subject “teacher” একবচন।

9. One of the players ___ injured.

One of the players ___ আঘাতপ্ৰাপ্ত।
A) are | B) were | C) is | D) have
Ans: C) is
Explanation: “One” is singular. ব্যাখ্যা: “One” একবচন।

10. A lot of water ___ wasted. A lot of water ___ অপচয় হৈছে।
A) are | B) were | C) is | D) have
Ans: C) is
Explanation: “Water” is uncountable → singular. ব্যাখ্যা: “Water” গণনাযোগ্য নহয় → একবচন।

11. A lot of people ___ waiting. A lot of people ___ অপেক্ষা কৰিছে।
A) is | B) are | C) was | D) has
Ans: B) are
Explanation: “People” is plural → “are”. ব্যাখ্যা: “People” বহুবচন।

12. The news ___ shocking. The news ___ চমকপ্ৰদ।
A) are | B) were | C) is | D) have
Ans: C) is
Explanation: “News” is treated as singular. ব্যাখ্যা: “News” একবচন ধৰা হয়।

13. Mathematics ___ difficult. Mathematics ___ কঠিন।
A) are | B) were | C) is | D) have
Ans: C) is
Explanation: Subject name → singular. ব্যাখ্যা: বিষয়ৰ নাম → একবচন।

14. The police ___ investigating. Police ___ তদন্ত কৰিছে।
A) is | B) are | C) was | D) has
Ans: B) are
Explanation: “Police” is plural. ব্যাখ্যা: “Police” বহুবচন।

15. More than one student ___ failed. এতিয়াতকৈ অধিক এজন ছাত্র ___ ফেল কৰিলে।
A) are | B) were | C) is | D) have
Ans: C) is
Explanation: “More than one” → singular verb. ব্যাখ্যা: “More than one” একবচন ধৰা হয়।

16. A pair of shoes ___ missing. এটা জোতা জোৰা ___ নাই।
A) are | B) were | C) is | D) have
Ans: C) is
Explanation: “Pair” is singular. ব্যাখ্যা: “Pair” একবচন।

17. Ten kilometers ___ a long distance. দহ কিলোমিটাৰ ___ দীঘল দূৰত্ব।
A) are | B) were | C) is | D) have
Ans: C) is
Explanation: Distance is one unit. ব্যাখ্যা: দূৰত্ব একক হিচাপে ধৰা হয়।

18. The committee ___ divided. Committee ___ বিভক্ত।
A) is | B) are | C) was | D) has
Ans: B) are
Explanation: Members acting separately → plural verb. ব্যাখ্যা: সদস্যবিলাক পৃথকে কাম কৰিছে → বহুবচন।

19. Neither he nor I ___ ready. Neither he nor I ___ প্ৰস্তুত।
A) is | B) am | C) are | D) was
Ans: B) am
Explanation: Nearest subject “I” → “am”. ব্যাখ্যা: নিকটৱৰ্তী subject “I” → “am”।

20. Either you or he ___ responsible. Either you or he ___ দায়ী।
A) are | B) is | C) am | D) were
Answer: B) is
Explanation: Nearest subject “he” → singular → “is”. ব্যাখ্যা: নিকটৱৰ্তী subject “he” একবচন → “is”।