What is Conduction in Gases ? āϗ⧇āĻ›āϤ āĻĒā§°āĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāϤāĻž


Conduction in Gases : āϗ⧇āĻ›āϤ āĻĒā§°āĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāϤāĻž


Conduction in gases occurs when ionized particles such as electrons and ions carry electric current under the influence of an electric field. āϗ⧇āĻ›āϤ āĻĒā§°āĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāϤāĻž āϤ⧇āϤāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āϘāĻŸā§‡ āϝ⧇āϤāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āφāϝāĻŧāύ⧀āĻ­ā§‚āϤ āĻ•āĻŖāĻŋāĻ•āĻž āϝ⧇āύ⧇ electrons āφ⧰⧁ ions-āĻ āĻŦ⧈āĻĻā§āϝ⧁āϤāĻŋāĻ• āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§ā§°ā§° āĻĒā§ā§°āĻ­āĻžā§ąāϤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ¯ā§ā§Ž āĻĒā§ā§°āĻŦāĻžāĻš āĻŦāĻšāύ āϕ⧰⧇āĨ¤


From Insulator to Glowing Conductor : āύāĻŋā§°ā§‹āϧāϕ⧰ āĻĒā§°āĻž āωāĻœā§āĻœā§āĻŦāϞ āĻĒā§°āĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻ•āϞ⧈


Normally, gases are poor conductors of electricity. But under high voltage or heating, gas particles become ionized and start conducting electricity. Sometimes the gas glows during conduction. āϏāĻžāϧāĻžā§°āĻŖāϤ⧇ āϗ⧇āĻ› āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āϝ⧁āϤ⧰ āĻŦ⧇āϝāĻŧāĻž āĻĒā§°āĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻ•āĨ¤ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ• āĻ­ā§‹āĻ˛ā§āĻŸā§‡āϜ āĻŦāĻž āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāĻžāĻĒ āĻĻāĻŋāϞ⧇ āϗ⧇āϛ⧰ āĻ•āĻŖāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϏāĻŽā§‚āĻš āφāϝāĻŧāύ⧀āĻ­ā§‚āϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ āφ⧰⧁ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ¯ā§ā§Ž āĻĒā§°āĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻš āφ⧰āĻŽā§āĻ­ āϕ⧰⧇āĨ¤ āϕ⧇āϤāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŦāĻž āϗ⧇āĻ› āωāĻœā§āĻœā§āĻŦāϞāĻ­āĻžā§ąā§‡ āĻœā§āĻŦāϞāĻŋ āωāϠ⧇āĨ¤


Applications / āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšāĻžā§°


1. Lighting (āφāϞ⧋āĻ•āϏāĻœā§āϜāĻž) : Used in neon lamps and fluorescent tubes. Neon lamp āφ⧰⧁ fluorescent tube-āϤ āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšāĻžā§° āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤


2. High Voltage (āωāĻšā§āϚ āĻ­ā§‹āĻ˛ā§āĻŸā§‡āϜ) : Occurs in electric sparks and lightning. āĻŦ⧈āĻĻā§āϝ⧁āϤāĻŋāĻ• āĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§āĻ• āφ⧰⧁ āĻŦāĻœā§ā§°āĻĒāĻžāϤāϤ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻž āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤


3. Plasma (āĻĒā§āϞāĻžāϜāĻŽāĻž) : Ionized gas in plasma conducts electricity. āĻĒā§āϞāĻžāϜāĻŽāĻžāϤ āĻĨāĻ•āĻž āφāϝāĻŧāύ⧀āĻ­ā§‚āϤ āϗ⧇āĻ› āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ¯ā§ā§Ž āĻĒā§°āĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻš āϕ⧰⧇āĨ¤


4. Atmosphere (āĻŦāĻžāϝāĻŧ⧁āĻŽāĻŖā§āĻĄāϞ) : Lightning in the atmosphere is an example of gas conduction. āĻŦāĻžāϝāĻŧ⧁āĻŽāĻŖā§āĻĄāϞāϤ āĻšā§‹ā§ąāĻž āĻŦāĻœā§ā§°āĻĒāĻžāϤ āϗ⧇āϛ⧰ āĻĒā§°āĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāϤāĻžā§° āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšā§°āĻŖāĨ¤


5. Electronics (āχāϞ⧇āĻ•ā§āĻŸā§ā§°āύāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϏ) : Used in discharge tubes and electronic devices. Discharge tube āφ⧰⧁ āχāϞ⧇āĻ•ā§āĻŸā§ā§°āύāĻŋāĻ• āϝāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ā§°āϤ āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšāĻžā§° āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤


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2 Marks Questions :


1. What is conduction in gases ? āϗ⧇āĻ›āϤ āĻĒā§°āĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāϤāĻž āĻ•āĻŋ ?


Ans: Conduction in gases occurs when ionized particles like electrons and ions carry electric current through a gas. āωāĻ¤ā§āϤ⧰: āϗ⧇āĻ›āϤ āĻĒā§°āĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāϤāĻž āϤ⧇āϤāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āϘāĻŸā§‡ āϝ⧇āϤāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž electrons āφ⧰⧁ ions-ā§° āĻĻ⧰⧇ āφāϝāĻŧāύ⧀āĻ­ā§‚āϤ āĻ•āĻŖāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāχ āϗ⧇āϛ⧰ āĻŽāĻžāĻœā§‡ā§°ā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ¯ā§ā§Ž āĻĒā§ā§°āĻŦāĻžāĻš āĻŦāĻšāύ āϕ⧰⧇āĨ¤


2. Why are gases normally poor conductors of electricity ? āϗ⧇āĻ› āϏāĻžāϧāĻžā§°āĻŖāϤ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āϝ⧁āϤ⧰ āĻŦ⧇āϝāĻŧāĻž āĻĒā§°āĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻ• āĻ•āĻŋāϝāĻŧ ?

Ans: Gases are poor conductors because they do not contain free charged particles under normal conditions. āωāĻ¤ā§āϤ⧰: āϏāĻžāϧāĻžā§°āĻŖ āĻ…ā§ąāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāϤ āϗ⧇āĻ›āϤ āĻŽā§āĻ•ā§āϤ āφāϧāĻžāύāϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ āĻ•āĻŖāĻŋāĻ•āĻž āύāĻžāĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇, āϏ⧇āϝāĻŧ⧇āĻšā§‡ āχ āĻŦ⧇āϝāĻŧāĻž āĻĒā§°āĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻ•āĨ¤


3. Name two applications of conduction in gases. āϗ⧇āĻ›āϤ āĻĒā§°āĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāϤāĻžā§° āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻž āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšāĻžā§° āϞāĻŋāĻ–āĻžāĨ¤

Ans: i. Neon lamps  ii. Lightning (āĻŦāĻœā§ā§°āĻĒāĻžāϤ)


4. What happens when high voltage is applied to a gas ? āϗ⧇āĻ›āϤ āωāĻšā§āϚ āĻ­ā§‹āĻ˛ā§āĻŸā§‡āϜ āĻĒā§ā§°āϝāĻŧā§‹āĻ— āϕ⧰āĻŋāϞ⧇ āĻ•āĻŋ āϘāĻŸā§‡ ?

Ans: The gas becomes ionized and starts conducting electricity. āωāĻ¤ā§āϤ⧰: āϗ⧇āĻ› āφāϝāĻŧāύ⧀āĻ­ā§‚āϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ āφ⧰⧁ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ¯ā§ā§Ž āĻĒā§°āĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻš āφ⧰āĻŽā§āĻ­ āϕ⧰⧇āĨ¤


5. What is plasma ? āĻĒā§āϞāĻžāϜāĻŽāĻž āĻ•āĻŋ ?

Ans: Plasma is an ionized gas containing free electrons and ions that can conduct electricity. āωāĻ¤ā§āϤ⧰: Plasma āĻšā§ˆāϛ⧇ āĻŽā§āĻ•ā§āϤ electrons āφ⧰⧁ ions āĻĨāĻ•āĻž āφāϝāĻŧāύ⧀āĻ­ā§‚āϤ āϗ⧇āĻ›, āϝāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ¯ā§ā§Ž āĻĒā§°āĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻš āϕ⧰āĻŋāĻŦ āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§‡āĨ¤