Comprehensive Biology Test 2
101. Respiratory Rate of a Newborn Baby:
Ans: 32 Breaths per Minute
Explanation:
A newborn breathes faster than adults, typically around 32 times per minute, to meet oxygen demands and support growth and metabolism.
102. Evaporation Increases Under:
Ans: Hot, Dry, and Windy Conditions
Explanation:
Evaporation rate increases in hot, dry, and windy conditions because higher temperature, lower humidity, and air movement enhance water molecules’ escape from surfaces.
103. Discoverer of Blood Groups:
Ans: Karl Landsteiner
Explanation:
Karl Landsteiner discovered ABO blood groups, enabling safe blood transfusions by matching compatible types and preventing transfusion reactions.
104. Organ Excreting Water, Fats, and Metabolic Wastes:
Ans: Kidney
Explanation:
Kidneys filter blood, remove metabolic wastes, excess water, and salts. They form urine, maintain homeostasis, regulate electrolytes, and support survival.
105. Cultivable Land Left Fallow:
Ans: Cultivable Wasteland
Explanation:
Cultivable wasteland is arable land not cultivated yearly due to soil fertility, irrigation issues, or planned recovery periods to restore productivity.
106. Protein Synthesis Occurs In:
Ans: Ribosome
Explanation:
Ribosomes are cell organelles where amino acids are linked to form proteins according to mRNA instructions. They exist freely in cytoplasm or attached to ER.
107. Part of Cinchona Producing Medicine:
Ans: Bark
Explanation:
The bark of Cinchona tree contains quinine, used to treat malaria. Harvested bark is processed to extract the alkaloid for medicinal purposes.
108. Understory in Rainforest:
Ans: Vegetation Growing Under Tree Canopy
Explanation:
In rainforests, understory plants grow beneath the tall trees’ canopy, adapted to lower light levels and higher humidity, supporting biodiversity.
109. Use of Ultraviolet Rays in Water Treatment:
Ans: Disinfection
Explanation:
UV rays kill bacteria, viruses, and pathogens in water without chemicals, making it a safe and effective method for water purification.
110. “Survival of the Fittest” Saying By:
Ans: Charles Darwin
Explanation:
Darwin coined “survival of the fittest” to describe natural selection, where organisms best adapted to the environment survive and reproduce, passing favorable traits.
111. Study of Human Brain and Head:
Ans: Phrenology
Explanation:
Phrenology is a pseudoscience linking skull shape with personality traits. Historically, it was used to study brain regions and behavioral characteristics.
112. Least Effective Light for Photosynthesis:
Ans: Green Light
Explanation:
Green light is least absorbed by chlorophyll; most is reflected, making it minimally effective for photosynthesis compared to red and blue light.
113. Plasma Percentage in Human Blood:
Ans: Approximately 55%
Explanation:
Plasma forms around 55% of blood volume, carrying water, nutrients, hormones, and waste, playing a key role in transport and maintaining blood pressure.
114. Study of Teeth Called:
Ans: Odontology
Explanation:
Odontology focuses on teeth structure, development, diseases, and dental care, essential in medicine, forensics, and dentistry.
115. ORT (Oral Rehydration Therapy) Related to:
Ans: Diarrhea
Explanation:
ORT is a treatment for dehydration caused by diarrhea. It replenishes fluids and electrolytes using oral solutions, saving millions of lives.
116. Pollutants Found in Drinking Water in India:
Ans: Arsenic, Fluoride, Uranium
Explanation:
In some Indian regions, groundwater contains arsenic, fluoride, or uranium, which can cause health issues like fluorosis, cancer, or kidney damage.
117. Plants Useful for Controlling Industrial Water Pollution:
Ans: Elephant Grass and Parthenium
Explanation:
Certain plants absorb or reduce pollutants from industrial wastewater, helping clean water bodies and prevent environmental contamination.
118. Common Product of Photosynthesis and Respiration:
Ans: Water
Explanation:
Water is produced in both processes: photosynthesis releases oxygen and water during light reactions; respiration produces water as a byproduct of glucose breakdown.
119. Nucleus Absent in Adult Red Blood Cells
Ans: True
Explanation:
Mature human RBCs lack nuclei to maximize hemoglobin storage and facilitate oxygen transport efficiently throughout the body.
120. Discoverers of RH Factor:
Ans: Landsteiner and Wiener
Explanation:
Karl Landsteiner and Alexander Wiener discovered the Rh factor, an important blood antigen, crucial for safe blood transfusions and pregnancy management.
121. Founder of Homeopathy:
Ans: Samuel Hahnemann
Explanation:
Samuel Hahnemann founded homeopathy, a system of medicine based on “like cures like” principle, using highly diluted substances to treat diseases.
122. Disease Transmitted by Flies:
Ans: Typhoid (Enteric Fever)
Explanation:
Flies can carry Salmonella typhi from contaminated sources to food, causing enteric fever in humans, emphasizing hygiene and sanitation importance.
123. Fish Air Bladder Functions As:
Ans: Accessory Respiratory Organ and Hydrostatic Organ
Explanation:
The swim bladder helps fish maintain buoyancy and balance. In some species, it also assists in respiration by gas exchange.
124. Organ Affected by Malaria:
Ans: Spleen
Explanation:
Malaria parasites invade red blood cells, causing spleen enlargement as it filters infected cells, plays a role in immunity and blood purification.
125. Heparin Protein Produced By:
Ans: Liver
Explanation:
Heparin is an anticoagulant produced by the liver, preventing blood clotting, maintaining smooth circulation, and used medically to treat thromboembolic disorders.
126. Hormone Produced by Thymus:
Ans: Thymosin
Explanation:
Thymosin regulates T-cell development and immune response, crucial for adaptive immunity and the body’s defense against pathogens.
127. Milk Purity Measured By:
Ans: Lactometer
Explanation:
A lactometer measures milk density, indicating water content. It helps assess milk quality and detect adulteration.
128. Behavior of Rabbit Hitting Ground with Hind Legs:
Ans: Warning Signal
Explanation:
Rabbits use thumping of hind legs to alert other members of danger, a defensive and communication behavior in social species.
129. Enzymes Are Made Of:
Ans: Amino Acids
Explanation:
Enzymes are proteins composed of amino acids. Their specific sequence determines 3D structure and catalytic activity, enabling them to accelerate biochemical reactions in cells.
130. Disease Caused by Vitamin D Deficiency:
Ans: Rickets (Affects Bones)
Explanation:
Vitamin D deficiency in children leads to rickets, causing weak, soft, and deformed bones. It mainly affects the skeletal system due to impaired calcium absorption.
131. Disease Caused by Virus:
Ans: Common Cold
Explanation:
Common cold is caused by viruses like rhinoviruses. It leads to sneezing, nasal congestion, sore throat, and mild fever, commonly transmitted via droplets.
132. Process Filtering Pollutants from Contaminated Air:
Ans: Sneezing
Explanation:
When inhaled pollutants or irritants enter the respiratory tract, the body expels them via sneezing, a protective reflex clearing the nasal passages.
133. Normal and Maximum Sound Tolerance in Humans:
Ans: 60–80 Decibels
Explanation:
Humans can tolerate 60–80 dB comfortably. Prolonged exposure to higher decibels can damage hearing, causing temporary or permanent hearing loss.
134. Glucose in Urine Indicates:
Ans: Diabetes
Explanation:
Presence of glucose in urine (glycosuria) is a hallmark of diabetes mellitus, caused by impaired insulin function or production, leading to high blood sugar levels.
135. Nutrient Deficiency in Pregnant Women:
Ans: Iron and Calcium
Explanation:
Pregnant women often lack iron and calcium, leading to anemia and weakened bones. Proper diet and supplements ensure maternal and fetal health.
136. Maximum Affinity of Hemoglobin For:
Ans: Oxygen
Explanation:
Hemoglobin binds most strongly to oxygen, enabling efficient transport from lungs to tissues. CO2 binds less strongly, allowing easy release in tissues.
137. How Environmental Pollution Can Be Controlled:
Ans: Prevent Nuclear Explosions, Use Electric Vehicles, Treat Wastewater
Explanation:
Pollution can be reduced by minimizing nuclear activity, switching to clean energy transportation, and treating industrial or domestic wastewater before release.
138. Proteins Digested Into:
Ans: Amino Acids
Explanation:
Proteins are broken down into amino acids by enzymes like pepsin and trypsin during digestion. Amino acids are absorbed in the small intestine for body functions.
139. Food Chains Found In:
Ans: Marine, Forest, Pond Ecosystems
Explanation:
Food chains describe energy transfer from producers to consumers. They exist in all ecosystems: oceans, forests, freshwater bodies, showing interdependence of organisms.
140. Metal Found in Blood:
Ans: Iron
Explanation:
Iron is present in hemoglobin, essential for oxygen binding and transport. Deficiency leads to anemia, reducing oxygen-carrying capacity of blood.
141. Companion Cells Present Only In:
Ans: Angiosperms (Flowering Plants)
Explanation:
Companion cells are specialized phloem cells in angiosperms that support sieve tube elements, facilitating transport of sugars and nutrients.
142. Plant Source of Cocoa and Chocolate:
Ans: Shrub
Explanation:
Cocoa and chocolate are obtained from the seeds of Theobroma cacao, a small tropical shrub cultivated in warm, humid regions.
143. Water Percentage in Human Body:
Ans: 65–80%
Explanation:
Water makes up 65–80% of human body weight, vital for metabolic reactions, temperature regulation, nutrient transport, and waste elimination.
144. Vitamin C Also Known As:
Ans: Ascorbic Acid
Explanation:
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is essential for collagen synthesis, antioxidant defense, wound healing, and immunity. Its deficiency causes scurvy.
145. Substance Inducing Antibody Production in Body:
Ans: Antigen
Explanation:
An antigen is any substance that triggers the immune system to produce antibodies, providing immunity against infections or foreign substances.
146. Largest Organelle in Cell:
Ans: Golgi Apparatus
Explanation:
The Golgi apparatus processes, packages, and transports proteins and lipids. It is a prominent organelle in eukaryotic cells, coordinating secretion and cell membrane production.
147. Photosynthesis Occurs In:
Ans: Chloroplast
Explanation:
Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and capture light energy to convert CO₂ and water into glucose and oxygen, performing photosynthesis in plants.
148. Why Butterfly Eyes Shine at Night:
Ans: Tapetum Lucidum
Explanation:
Butterflies’ compound eyes reflect light due to tapetum lucidum, enhancing low-light vision at night, similar to nocturnal animals’ eyes.
149. Enzyme Activity Controlled By:
Ans: pH
Explanation:
Enzyme activity depends on pH; each enzyme has an optimal pH. Deviations alter structure and reduce catalytic efficiency.
150. Overcooking Food and Reusing Oils Is Undesirable Because:
Ans: Produces Carcinogens Like Benzo[a]pyrene
Explanation:
Excessive cooking or repeatedly heating oils generates carcinogenic compounds, increasing cancer risk and affecting food safety.