Circulatory system

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM


Definition


The circulatory system is the body’s transport system. It carries blood, oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste materials to and from all parts of the body.


Main Parts



  1. Heart


    • A muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body.

    • It has four chambers:


      • Right atrium

      • Right ventricle

      • Left atrium

      • Left ventricle


    • The right side pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs.

    • The left side pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body.


  2. Blood


    • A red fluid that circulates through the body.

    • It consists of:


      • Red Blood Cells (RBCs): Carry oxygen using hemoglobin.

      • White Blood Cells (WBCs): Fight infections.

      • Platelets: Help in blood clotting.

      • Plasma: Liquid part that carries nutrients and waste.



  3. Blood Vessels


    • Arteries: Carry blood away from the heart (mostly oxygen-rich).

    • Veins: Carry blood toward the heart (mostly oxygen-poor).

    • Capillaries: Very thin vessels where exchange of gases and nutrients occurs.



Types of Circulation



  1. Pulmonary Circulation:


    • Blood flows from the heart → lungs → heart.

    • Purpose: To exchange carbon dioxide with oxygen.


  2. Systemic Circulation:


    • Blood flows from the heart → all body parts → heart.

    • Purpose: To deliver oxygen and nutrients to tissues.



Functions



  • Transport oxygen and nutrients to cells.

  • Remove carbon dioxide and wastes.

  • Protect the body through immune cells.

  • Regulate body temperature and pH.


 


1. The study of the circulatory system is called - Angiology


2. The circulatory system was discovered by -William Harvey


3. The main organ of the circulatory system -Heart


4. The human heart has - 4 Chambers (2 Atria, 2 Ventricle


5. The upper chambers of the heart are called - Atria (Auricles)


6. The lower chambers of the heart are called -Ventricles


7. The right side of the heart carries -Deoxygenated Blood


8. The left side of the heart carries Oxygenated Blood


9. The largest artery in the human body - Aorta


10. The largest vein in the human body Vena Cava


11. Blood is pumped by Heart


12. Blood carries Oxygen and Nutrients


13. The fluid part of blood Plasma


14. Red colour of blood is due to Haemoglobin


15. Haemoglobin contains - Iron (Fe)


16. RBCs are formed in Bone MarroW


17. WBCs help in Fighting Infections


18. Platelets help in Blood Clotting


19. Average human heart beats per minute - 72 times


20. Normal blood pressure - 120/80 mmHg


21. Instrument used to measure blood pressure - Sphygmomanometer


22. The sound of heartbeat is produced by Closing of Valves


23. The artery carrying deoxygenated blood Pulmonary Artery


24. The vein carrying oxygenated blood -Pulmonary Vein


25. The blood vessel connecting arteries and veins Capillaries


26. The heart is enclosed in a membrane called Pericardium


27. The pacemaker of the heart - SA Node (Sinoatrial Node)


28. The heart muscle is known as Cardiac Muscle


29. The process of circulation through lungs Pulmonary Circulation


30. The process of circulation through body parts Systemic Circulation