Science Olympiad : Human Physiology MCQ set
Q. Functional unit of kidney ?
Ans: Nephron
Explanation: Each nephron filters blood and forms urine.
Q. Which blood vessels carry blood away from the heart ?
Ans: Arteries
Explanation: Arteries transport oxygenated blood from the heart to body tissues.
Q. Which blood vessels carry blood to the heart ?
Ans: Veins
Explanation: Veins bring deoxygenated blood back to the heart.
Q. Which artery supplies blood to the heart itself ?
Ans: Coronary artery
Explanation: Coronary vessels give oxygen and nutrients directly to heart muscles.
Q. Which vein carries oxygenated blood ?
Ans: Pulmonary vein
Explanation: It carries oxygen-rich blood from lungs to heart.
Q. Which artery carries deoxygenated blood ?
Ans: Pulmonary artery
Explanation: It carries deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs.
Q. Normal heartbeat rate per minute ?
Ans: 72 beats/min
Explanation: A healthy adult heart beats around 72 times per minute at rest.
Q. Instrument to measure blood pressure ?
Ans: Sphygmomanometer
Explanation: It measures systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
Q. Normal blood pressure of healthy adult ?
Ans: 120/80 mmHg
Explanation: 120 mmHg systolic, 80 mmHg diastolic is considered normal.
Q. Which blood cells help in clotting ?
Ans: Platelets
Explanation: Platelets clump together to stop bleeding.
Q. Smallest bone in human body ?
Ans: Stapes
Explanation: Located in the middle ear, it transmits sound vibrations.
Q. Longest bone in human body ?
Ans: Femur
Explanation: The thigh bone is strongest and longest.
Q. Which part of the ear maintains balance ?
Ans: Semicircular canals
Explanation: They detect body position and motion.
Q. Ear part converting sound vibrations into nerve impulses ?
Ans: Cochlea
Explanation: Cochlea converts sound waves into electrical signals for the brain.
Q. Eye part that controls amount of light entering ?
Ans: Iris
Explanation: It adjusts pupil size to regulate light entry.
Q. Eye part for focusing light ?
Ans: Lens
Explanation: The lens bends light to focus images on the retina.
Q. Which part of the eye is light-sensitive ?
Ans: Retina
Explanation: Retina contains rods and cones to detect light.
Q. Pigment responsible for dim-light vision ?
Ans: Rhodopsin
Explanation: Rod cells contain rhodopsin for night vision.
Q. Vitamin deficiency causing night blindness ?
Ans: Vitamin A
Explanation: Vitamin A helps maintain proper night vision.
Q. Vitamin deficiency causing rickets ?
Answer: Vitamin D
Explanation: Lack of vitamin D weakens bones in children.
Q. Vitamin deficiency causing scurvy ?
Answer: Vitamin C
Explanation: Vitamin C maintains healthy gums and connective tissues.
Q. Vitamin deficiency causing beriberi ?
Answer: Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)
Explanation: Thiamine is essential for nerve and muscle function.
Q. Vitamin deficiency causing pellagra ?
Answer: Vitamin B3 (Niacin)
Explanation: Lack of niacin causes dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia.
Q. Vitamin deficiency causing bleeding gums ?
Answer: Vitamin C
Explanation: Low vitamin C weakens capillaries and gums.
Q. Which vitamin is essential for blood clotting ?
Ans: Vitamin K
Explanation: Vitamin K helps in the synthesis of clotting factors.