Science Olympiad : General & Trending Biology MCQ practice with Answers set - 10
Q. Gene-editing process used in modern biology ?
Ans: CRISPR-Cas9
Explanation: CRISPR acts like molecular scissors that cut and edit specific DNA sequences.
Q. First vaccine developed using mRNA technology ?
Ans: COVID-19 mRNA vaccines (Pfizer/Moderna)
Explanation: These vaccines use mRNA to instruct body cells to produce viral protein and trigger immunity.
Q. Field that studies artificial organs and implants ?
Ans: Biomedical Engineering
Explanation: It integrates biology with engineering to design medical devices and artificial organs.
Q. First cloned animal ?
Ans: Dolly the Sheep (1996)
Explanation: Dolly was cloned using somatic cell nuclear transfer technology.
Q. Which organ is called the "second brain"?
Ans: Gut (Enteric Nervous System)
Explanation: The gut contains millions of neurons that control digestion independently.
Q. Technology used to quickly sequence human DNA ?
Ans: Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS)
Explanation: NGS can sequence millions of DNA fragments simultaneously.
Q. Virus that caused the COVID-19 pandemic ?
Ans: SARS-CoV-2
Explanation: It is a coronavirus that emerged in 2019 and spreads via respiratory droplets.
Q. Organelle linked with aging and longevity ?
Ans: Mitochondria
Explanation: Mitochondrial damage accelerates aging because they produce cellular energy.
Q. Bacteria used for gene transfer in biotechnology ?
Ans: Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Explanation: It naturally inserts its DNA into plant cells, helping scientists modify plant genes.
Q. Human organ that can regenerate itself ?
Ans: Liver
Explanation: The liver can regrow even if a significant portion is removed.
Q. Protein giving strength to hair and nails ?
Ans: Keratin
Explanation: Keratin is a tough structural protein providing hardness and protection.
Q. Molecule that carries genetic information ?
Ans: DNA
Explanation: DNA stores hereditary information in the form of genes.
Q. Blood cells that fight infections ?
Ans: White Blood Cells (WBCs)
Explanation: WBCs destroy pathogens and boost immune response.
Q. Blood cells that carry oxygen ?
Ans: Red Blood Cells (RBCs)
Explanation: RBCs contain hemoglobin, which binds and transports oxygen.
Q. Which vitamin is synthesized by sunlight in skin ?
Ans: Vitamin D
Explanation: UV radiation converts skin cholesterol into Vitamin D.
Q. Mineral essential for thyroid hormone production ?
Ans: Iodine
Explanation: Iodine is required to produce thyroxine (T3/T4).
Q. Part of brain controlling balance and posture ?
Ans: Cerebellum
Explanation: It coordinates body movements and maintains balance.
Q. Part of brain controlling memory and intelligence ?
Ans: Cerebrum
Explanation: It handles thinking, memory, learning, and voluntary actions.
Q. Part of the eye that controls amount of light entering ?
Ans: Pupil
Explanation: The pupil expands or contracts to regulate light entry.
Q. Fluid that protects brain and spinal cord ?
Ans: Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
Explanation: CSF acts as a shock absorber and provides nourishment.
Q. Vitamin deficiency causing night blindness ?
Ans: Vitamin A
Explanation: Vitamin A is essential for the retina's light-sensitive pigment.
Q. Vitamin deficiency causing scurvy ?
Answer: Vitamin C
Explanation: Lack of Vitamin C weakens collagen, causing bleeding gums.
Q. Vitamin deficiency causing rickets ?
Ans: Vitamin D
Explanation: Vitamin D deficiency weakens bone formation in children.
Q. Vitamin deficiency causing anemia ?
Ans: Vitamin B12
Explanation: B12 helps form red blood cells; its deficiency reduces RBC count.
Q. Which vitamin is called the “anti-stress vitamin”?
Ans: Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic acid)
Explanation: It supports metabolism and reduces stress by producing stress-related hormones.