What is a Verb ? / ক্ৰিয়াপদ কি ?

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Verb & Subject–Verb Agreement

1. What is a Verb ? (Verb কি ?)

A verb is a word that shows an action or a state of being, and without a verb, a sentence is incomplete. In simple terms, a verb tells us what someone does or how someone is.
ক্ৰিয়াপদ হৈছে এনে শব্দ যি কাৰ্য্য বা অৱস্থা প্ৰকাশ কৰে, আৰু ক্ৰিয়াপদ নাথাকিলে এটা বাক্য অসম্পূৰ্ণ হয়। সহজকৈ ক’লে, ক্ৰিয়াপদে কাকো কি কৰিছে বা কেনে অৱস্থাত আছে তাক বুজায়।

2. Types of Verbs (ক্ৰিয়াপদৰ প্ৰকাৰ)

There are mainly two types of verbs: action verbs and being verbs. Action verbs show what someone does and describe an action, such as Ram runs, She writes a letter, and The boy plays football, where “runs,” “writes,” and “plays” are action verbs.
ক্ৰিয়াপদ মূলতে দুটা প্ৰকাৰৰ—action verb আৰু being verb। Action verb-এ মানুহে কি কৰে তাক দেখুৱায়, যেনে Ram runs, She writes a letter, আৰু The boy plays football, য’ত “runs,” “writes,” আৰু “plays” হৈছে কাৰ্য্য ক্ৰিয়াপদ।

Being verbs, on the other hand, do not show action but express a state, condition, or identity, such as She is happy, I am tired, and They are students, where “is,” “am,” and “are” are being verbs. Common being verbs include am, is, are, was, were, be, being, and been.
Being verb-এ কাৰ্য্য নেদেখুৱাই অৱস্থা, পৰিচয় বা অনুভৱ প্ৰকাশ কৰে, যেনে She is happy, I am tired, আৰু They are students। সাধাৰণ being verbসমূহ হৈছে am, is, are, was, were, be, being, আৰু been।

3. Golden Rule of Verb (গোল্ডেন নিয়ম)

Every sentence must have a verb; otherwise, it is incomplete. For example, “Ram in the room” is incorrect because it has no verb, while “Ram is in the room” is correct because it includes a verb.
প্ৰতিটো বাক্যত ক্ৰিয়াপদ থাকিবই লাগিব; নহ’লে বাক্য অসম্পূৰ্ণ হয়। যেনে “Ram in the room” ভুল, কিন্তু “Ram is in the room” সঠিক।

4. Subject–Verb Agreement (Subject–Verb Agreement কি ?)

Subject–Verb Agreement means that the subject and verb must match in number. This means singular subjects take singular verbs, and plural subjects take plural verbs.
Subject–Verb Agreement মানে হৈছে subject আৰু verb-ৰ মাজত বচনৰ মিল থকা। অৰ্থাৎ একবচন subject-এ একবচন verb লয় আৰু বহুবচন subject-এ বহুবচন verb লয়।

5. Singular Subject Rule (একবচন নিয়ম)

If the subject is singular, the verb must also be singular, usually taking “-s” or “-es” or forms like “is” or “was,” such as He plays, She writes, and Ram is smart.
যদি subject একবচন হয়, তেন্তে verb-ও একবচন হ’ব লাগিব, সাধাৰণতে “-s” বা “-es” যোগ হয় বা “is/was” ব্যৱহাৰ হয়, যেনে He plays, She writes, আৰু Ram is smart।

6. Plural Subject Rule (বহুবচন নিয়ম)

If the subject is plural, the verb must be plural, without “-s” or “-es,” or using forms like “are” or “were,” such as They play, We write, and Students are ready.
যদি subject বহুবচন হয়, তেন্তে verb-ও বহুবচন হ’ব লাগে, য’ত “-s” বা “-es” নাথাকে বা “are/were” ব্যৱহাৰ হয়, যেনে They play, We write, আৰু Students are ready।

7. Common Errors (সাধাৰণ ভুল)

Incorrect sentences like “He play football” and “They plays football” show mismatch between subject and verb, while correct forms are “He plays football” and “They play football.”
“He play football” আৰু “They plays football” দৰে বাক্যবোৰ ভুল কাৰণ subject আৰু verb-ৰ মাজত মিল নাই, আৰু সঠিক ৰূপ হৈছে “He plays football” আৰু “They play football।”

8. Golden Rule (Final) (চূড়ান্ত নিয়ম)

The subject and verb must always agree in number, meaning one subject takes one form of verb, and more than one subject takes plural verb form.
Subject আৰু verb সদায় বচনত মিলি থাকিব লাগিব, অৰ্থাৎ এটা subject → একবচন verb আৰু বহু subject → বহুবচন verb।

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Verb & Agreement MCQs

1. A verb shows: Verb কি দেখুৱায় ?
A) Name | B) Action or state | C) Place | D) Time
Ans: B) Action or state
Explanation: A verb tells what someone does or their state. ব্যাখ্যা: Verb এ কাৰ্য্য বা অৱস্থা প্ৰকাশ কৰে।

2. Which is an action verb ? কোনটো Action verb ?
A) is | B) are | C) runs | D) was
Ans: C) runs
Explanation: “Runs” shows an action. ব্যাখ্যা: “runs” এ এটা কাৰ্য্য দেখুৱায়।

3. Which is a being verb ? কোনটো Being verb ?
A) run | B) play | C) is | D) write
Ans: C) is
Explanation: “is” shows state, not action. ব্যাখ্যা: “is” এ অৱস্থা দেখুৱায়।

4. Choose correct sentence: সঠিক বাক্য বাছনি কৰক:
A) He play football  B) He plays football
C) He playing football  D) He playeds football
Ans: B) He plays football
Explanation: “He” is singular → verb takes “-s”. ব্যাখ্যা: “He” একবচন → verb-ত “-s” লাগিব।

5. “She ___ a letter.”

A) write | B) writes | C) writing | D) writed
Ans: B) writes 
Explanation: Singular subject “She” → “writes”. ব্যাখ্যা: “She” একবচন → “writes” ব্যৱহাৰ হয়।

6. “They ___ football.”
A) plays | B) play | C) playing | D) playeds
Ans: B) play
Explanation: “They” plural → no “-s”. ব্যাখ্যা: “They” বহুবচন → “play” (no -s)।

7. Which sentence is correct ? সঠিক বাক্য কোনটো ?
A) They plays  B) They play  C) They playing  D) They playss
Ans: B) They play
Explanation: Plural subject → plural verb. ব্যাখ্যা: বহুবচন subject → বহুবচন verb।

8. Singular subject takes: একবচন subject কি লয় ?
A) plural verb | B) no verb | C) singular verb | D) adjective
Ans: C) singular verb
Explanation: Singular subject needs singular verb. ব্যাখ্যা: একবচন subject → একবচন verb।

9. Plural subject takes: বহুবচন subject কি লয় ?
A) singular verb | B) plural verb | C) noun | D) adverb
Ans: B) plural verb
Explanation: Plural subject → plural verb. ব্যাখ্যা: বহুবচন subject → বহুবচন verb।

10. “Ram ___ fast.”

A) run | B) runs | C) running | D) raned
Ans: B) runs 
Explanation: “Ram” singular → “runs”. ব্যাখ্যা: “Ram” একবচন → “runs”।

11. “We ___ happy.”

A) is | B) are | C) am | D) was
Ans: B) are
Explanation: “We” plural → “are”. ব্যাখ্যা: “We” বহুবচন → “are”।

12. “I ___ tired.”

A) is | B) are | C) am | D) were
Ans: C)
Explanation: “I” always takes “am”. ব্যাখ্যা: “I” লগত সদায় “am” ব্যৱহাৰ হয়।

13. “He ___ a student.”

A) are | B) am | C) is | D) were
Ans: C) is
Explanation: Singular subject → “is”. ব্যাখ্যা: একবচন subject → “is”।

14. Which is incorrect ? কোনটো ভুল ?
A) She writes  B) He plays  C) They plays  D) We write
Ans: C) They plays
Explanation: “They” plural → no “-s”. ব্যাখ্যা: “They” বহুবচন → “plays” ভুল।

15. “Students ___ ready.”

A) is | B) are | C) am | D) was
Ans: B) are
Explanation: “Students” plural → “are”. ব্যাখ্যা: বহুবচন subject → “are”।

16. Verb is necessary for: Verb কিয় প্ৰয়োজনীয় ?
A) Sentence completion | B) Decoration | C) Sound | D) Style
Ans: A) Sentence completion
Explanation: Without verb, sentence incomplete. ব্যাখ্যা: Verb নাথাকিলে বাক্য অসম্পূৰ্ণ।

17. “Ram in the room.” is: এইটো কি ?
A) Correct | B) Complete | C) Incomplete | D) Clause
Ans: C) Incomplete
Explanation: No verb present. ব্যাখ্যা: Verb নাই।

18. “Ram is in the room.” is: এইটো কি ?
A) Wrong | B) Complete | C) Phrase | D) Clause
Ans: B) Complete 
Explanation: Has subject + verb. ব্যাখ্যা: subject + verb আছে।

19. Choose correct: সঠিক বাছনি কৰক:
A) She go  B) She goes  C) She going  D) She goed
Ans: B) She goes
Explanation: Singular → “goes”. ব্যাখ্যা: একবচন → “goes”।

20. “They ___ students.”

A) is | B) are | C) am | D) was
Ans: B) are
Explanation: Plural subject → “are”. ব্যাখ্যা: বহুবচন subject → “are”।

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Hard MCQs

1. Each of the boys ___ present. Each of the boys ___ উপস্থিত।
A) are | B) were | C) is | D) have
Ans: C) is
Explanation: “Each” is singular → takes singular verb. ব্যাখ্যা: “Each” একবচন → “is” ব্যৱহাৰ হয়।

2. Neither Ram nor Shyam ___ coming. Neither Ram nor Shyam ___ আহিছে।
A) are | B) is | C) were | D) have
Ans: B) is
Explanation: “Neither…nor” → verb agrees with nearest subject (Shyam – singular). ব্যাখ্যা: নিকটৱৰ্তী subject “Shyam” একবচন → “is”।

3. A number of students ___ absent. A number of students ___ অনুপস্থিত।
A) is | B) are | C) was | D) has
Ans: B) are
Explanation: “A number of” = plural. ব্যাখ্যা: “A number of” বহুবচন ধৰা হয়।

4. The number of students ___ increasing. The number of students ___ বাঢ়ি আছে।
A) are | B) were | C) is | D) have
Ans: C) is
Explanation: “The number” = singular. ব্যাখ্যা: “The number” একবচন।

5. Everyone ___ their work. Everyone ___ তেওঁলোকৰ কাম।
A) know | B) knows | C) knowing | D) have known
Ans: B) knows
Explanation: “Everyone” is singular. ব্যাখ্যা: “Everyone” একবচন।

6. Either of the answers ___ correct. Either of the answers ___ সঠিক।
A) are | B) were | C) is | D) have
Ans: C) is
Explanation: “Either” is singular. ব্যাখ্যা: “Either” একবচন।

7. Bread and butter ___ my favorite breakfast. Bread and butter ___ মোৰ পছন্দৰ খাদ্য।
A) are | B) were | C) is | D) have
Ans: C) is
Explanation: Considered one item. ব্যাখ্যা: এটা বস্তু হিচাপে ধৰা হয়।

8. The teacher along with students ___ present. Teacher along with students ___ উপস্থিত।
A) are | B) were | C) is | D) have
Ans: C) is
Explanation: Main subject “teacher” is singular. ব্যাখ্যা: মুখ্য subject “teacher” একবচন।

9. One of the boys ___ playing. One of the boys ___ খেলি আছে।
A) are | B) were | C) is | D) have
Ans: C) is
Explanation: “One” is singular. ব্যাখ্যা: “One” একবচন।

10. A lot of water ___ wasted. A lot of water ___ অপচয় হৈছে।
A) are | B) were | C) is | D) have
Ans: C) is
Explanation: “Water” is uncountable (singular). ব্যাখ্যা: “Water” একবচন ধৰা হয়।

11. A lot of people ___ waiting. A lot of people ___ অপেক্ষা কৰিছে।
A) is | B) are | C) was | D) has
Ans: B) are
Explanation: “People” is plural. ব্যাখ্যা: “People” বহুবচন।

12. Neither of the boys ___ ready. Neither of the boys ___ প্ৰস্তুত।
A) are | B) were | C) is | D) have
Ans: C) is
Explanation: “Neither” is singular. ব্যাখ্যা: “Neither” একবচন।

13. The news ___ shocking. The news ___ চমকপ্ৰদ।
A) are | B) were | C) is | D) have
Ans: C) is
Explanation: “News” is singular. ব্যাখ্যা: “News” একবচন।

14. Mathematics ___ a difficult subject. Mathematics ___ এটা কঠিন বিষয়।
A) are | B) were | C) is | D) have
Ans: C) is
Explanation: Subject name → singular. ব্যাখ্যা: বিষয়ৰ নাম → একবচন।

15. The police ___ investigating the case. Police ___ তদন্ত কৰিছে।
A) is | B) are | C) was | D) has
Ans: B) are
Explanation: “Police” is plural. ব্যাখ্যা: “Police” বহুবচন।

16. Each student and teacher ___ given a prize. প্ৰত্যেক ছাত্র আৰু শিক্ষক ___ পুৰস্কাৰ পালে।
A) are | B) were | C) is | D) have
Ans: C) is
Explanation: “Each” makes subject singular. ব্যাখ্যা: “Each” থাকিলে একবচন হয়।

17. More than one student ___ failed. এতিয়াতকৈ অধিক এজন ছাত্র ___ ফেল কৰিলে।
A) are | B) were | C) is | D) have
Ans: C) is
Explanation: “More than one” → singular. ব্যাখ্যা: “More than one” একবচন ধৰা হয়।

18. A pair of shoes ___ missing. এটা জোতা জোৰা ___ নাই।
A) are | B) were | C) is | D) have
Ans: C) is
Explanation: “Pair” is singular. ব্যাখ্যা: “Pair” একবচন।

19. Ten kilometers ___ a long distance. দহ কিলোমিটাৰ ___ দীঘল দূৰত্ব।
A) are | B) were | C) is | D) have
Ans: C) is
Explanation: Distance treated as one unit. ব্যাখ্যা: দূৰত্ব একক হিচাপে ধৰা হয়।

20. The committee ___ divided in opinion. Committee ___ মতত বিভক্ত।
A) is | B) are | C) was | D) has
Ans: B) are

Explanation: Collective noun acting individually → plural verb. ব্যাখ্যা: সদস্যবিলাক পৃথকে কাম কৰিছে → বহুবচন verb।