1. What is Direct Speech (প্ৰত্যক্ষ উক্তি) and Indirect Speech (পৰোক্ষ উক্তি) ?

i. Direct Speech: Direct speech tells us exactly what someone said.

We use quotation marks (" ") to write it.

Examples: 1. Riya said, "I am sleepy." 2. Dad says, "It is bedtime."

সরাসৰি ভাষা (Direct Speech) = বক্তাৰ ঠিক কথাবোৰ লিখা হয়। উদ্ধৃতি চিহ্ন (" ") ব্যৱহাৰ হয়।
উদাহৰণ: ৰীয়া কৈছিল, "মই তন্দ্ৰালু।" দেউতাই কয়, "সময় হৈছে শোৱাৰ।"

• Quotation marks are not used.


• We often use that, if, whether, etc., in reported speech.

Ex: Riya said that she was sleepy. Dad said that it was bedtime.

পৰোক্ষ ভাষা (Indirect Speech) = বক্তাৰ কথা অন্যলৈ জানিবলৈ দিলে। উদ্ধৃতি চিহ্ন নাথাকে।
উদাহৰণ: ৰীয়া কৈছিল যে সি তন্দ্ৰালু। দেউতাই কয় যে শোৱাৰ সময় হৈছে।

Said: We use said when no person is mentioned after the verb. Ex: She said she was tired. Riya said she was happy.

said = কোনো ব্যক্তিৰ উল্লেখ নকৰা। উদাহৰণ: সিঁয়ে কৈছিল যে সি ক্লান্ত।

Told: We use told when a person is mentioned after the verb.

Ex: She told me she was tired. Riya told Ravi that she had a new toy.

told = ব্যক্তিৰ উল্লেখ থাকিব লাগে। উদাহৰণ: সিঁয়ে মোক কৈছিল যে সি ক্লান্ত।

Important: Told always needs a person.

1st: Remove the quotation marks

• Direct: "My room is messy."


• Remove quotes: My room is messy.

2nd: Add the word "that" : My mom said that my room is messy.

3rd: Change pronouns and tense if needed : My mom said that my room was messy.

Practice: Dad says, "It is bedtime." → Dad said that it was bedtime.

Ex:

1. He said, "I like apples." → He said that he liked apples.


2. Mom asked, "Do you want a cookie?" → Mom asked if I wanted a cookie.

Practice: Dad says, "It is bedtime." → Dad said that it was bedtime.

ব্যক্তিগত সর্বনাম (I, we, you, he, she, they) অৱস্থাৰ অনুযায়ী সলনি হয়। উদাহৰণ: সিঁয়ে কৈছিল, "মই আপেল ভাল পাওঁ।" → সিঁয়ে কৈছিল যে সি আপেল ভাল পায়।

Rules: am / is → was, are → were, go → went, will → would

Examples: 1. She said, "I am ready." → She said that she was ready. 2. Ravi said, "We go shopping." → Ravi said that they went shopping.

Practice: Mom says, "It is time for dinner." → Mom said that it was time for dinner.

• বৰ্তমান কাল (Present) → অতীত কাল (Past)


• am/is → was, are → were, go → went, will → would

Rules: 1. Remove the question mark. 2. Use if or whether for yes/no questions. 3. Convert the sentence into a statement.

Ex: 1. "Are you ready?" she asked. → She asked if I was ready. 2. Dad said, "Is it sunny?" → Dad asked whether it was sunny.

Practice: Riya asked, "Did you finish your homework?" → Riya asked whether I had finished my homework.

• প্ৰশ্ন চিহ্ন আঁতৰাও।


• "if" বা "whether" ব্যৱহাৰ কৰক।


• বাক্যখন ঘোষণাৰ ৰূপত পৰিৱৰ্তন কৰক।

Rules: 1. Use told or asked. 2. Add to before the verb.

Ex: 1. Mom said, "Clean your room." → Mom asked me to clean my room. 2. Dad said, "Please pass the salt." → Dad asked me to pass the salt.

Practice: Dad said, "Do your homework." → Dad asked me to do my homework.

Verbৰ আগত to যোগ কৰক।

told / asked ব্যৱহাৰ কৰক।

উদাহৰণ: দেউতাই কৈছিল, "তোমাৰ হোমৱৰ্ক কৰা।" → দেউতাই মোক হোমৱৰ্ক কৰিবলৈ কৈছিল।

• now → then


• today → that day


• tomorrow → the next day


• yesterday → the day before


• tonight → that night

Exs: 1. She said, "I will go for a walk today." → She said that she would go for a walk that day. 2. Dad said, "It is sunny now." → Dad said that it was sunny then.

সময়ৰ শব্দবোৰ (now, today, tomorrow) পৰিৱৰ্তন কৰিব লাগে।

উদাহৰণ: 1. সিঁয়ে কৈছিল, "মই আজি চাইৰ পৰা ফুৰিম।" → সিঁয়ে কৈছিল যে সি সেই দিনত ফুৰিম। 2. দেউতাই কৈছিল, "এতিয়া বতাহ ভাল।" → দেউতাই কৈছিল যে তেতিয়া বতাহ ভাল।

1. Always check pronouns – I, we, you, he, she, they.


2. Change tense – Present → Past, will → would, is → was.


3. Use reporting verbs correctly – said, told, asked.


4. Use ‘that’, ‘if’, ‘whether’, ‘to’ correctly.


5. Change time expressions – now → then, today → that day, yesterday → the day before.


6. Commands and requests → Use told/asked + to + verb.

• সর্বনাম, কাল, reporting verbs, সময়ৰ শব্দ, আৰু অনুৰোধ/আজ্ঞা সঠিকভাবে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰক।


• পৰোক্ষ ভাষা (Indirect) academic writing আৰু exams’ত খুব প্ৰয়োজন।

1. Direct Speech (সরাসৰি ভাষা)