Energy used / āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšā§āϤ āĻļāĻā§āϤāĻŋ: E = 2 × 5 × 10 = 100 kWh
Cost / āĻā§°āĻ: Cost = 100 × 6 = âš600
Ans / āĻāϤā§āϤ⧰: Total cost = âš600 : āĻŽā§āĻ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āϝā§ā§ āĻŦāĻŋāϞ = âšā§Ŧā§Ļā§Ļ
1. Ohm’s Law
A potential difference of 12 V produces a current of 2 A in a conductor. Find the resistance. āĻāĻāĻž āĻĒā§°āĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻā§° āĻŽāĻžāĻā§ā§°ā§ ⧧⧍ V āĻŦāĻŋāĻā§ą āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§āĻĨāĻā§āϝ āĻĻāĻŋāϞ⧠⧍ A āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āϝā§ā§ āϧāĻžā§°āĻž āĻĒā§ā§°āĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋā§°ā§āϧ āύāĻŋā§°ā§āĻŖāϝāĻŧ āĻā§°āĻāĨ¤
Given / āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻšā§āĻā§: V = 12 V, I = 2 A
Formula / āϏā§āϤā§ā§°: V = IR, R = V / I
Calculation / āĻāĻŖāύāĻž: R = 12 / 2 = 6 Ω
Ans / āĻāϤā§āϤ⧰: Resistance = 6 Ω, āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋā§°ā§āϧ = ā§Ŧ āĻāĻšā§āĻŽ
2. Current Calculation
A resistor of 10 Ω is connected to a 20 V battery. Find the current. ā§§ā§Ļ Ω āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋā§°ā§āϧ āĻĨāĻāĻž āĻāĻāĻž ā§°ā§āĻāĻŋāώā§āĻā§° ⧍ā§Ļ V āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻāĻžā§°ā§ā§° āϏā§āϤ⧠āϏāĻāϝā§āĻ āĻā§°āĻž āĻšā§āĻā§āĨ¤ āϧāĻžā§°āĻž āύāĻŋā§°ā§āĻŖāϝāĻŧ āĻā§°āĻāĨ¤
Given / āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻšā§āĻā§: V = 20 V, R = 10 Ω
Formula / āϏā§āϤā§ā§°: I = V / R
Calculation / āĻāĻŖāύāĻž: I = 20 / 10 = 2 A
Ans / āĻāϤā§āϤ⧰: Current = 2 A, āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āϝā§ā§ āϧāĻžā§°āĻž = ⧍ āĻāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžā§°
3. Resistance in Series
Three resistors of 2 Ω, 3 Ω and 5 Ω are connected in series. Find the equivalent resistance.
⧍ Ω, ā§Š Ω āĻā§°ā§ ā§Ģ Ω āĻŽāĻžāύ⧰ āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋāĻāĻž ā§°ā§āĻāĻŋāώā§āĻā§° āĻļā§āĻāĻāϞ āϏāĻāϝā§āĻāϤ āĻāĻā§āĨ¤ āϏāĻŽāϤā§āϞā§āϝ āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋā§°ā§āϧ āύāĻŋā§°ā§āĻŖāϝāĻŧ āĻā§°āĻāĨ¤
Given / āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻšā§āĻā§: Râ = 2 Ω, Râ = 3 Ω, Râ = 5 Ω
Formula / āϏā§āϤā§ā§°: Râ = Râ + Râ + Râ
Calculation / āĻāĻŖāύāĻž: Râ = 2 + 3 + 5 = 10 Ω
Ans / āĻāϤā§āϤ⧰: Equivalent resistance = 10 Ω. āϏāĻŽāϤā§āϞā§āϝ āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋā§°ā§āϧ = ā§§ā§Ļ āĻāĻšā§āĻŽ
4. Electric Power
A bulb operates at 220 V and draws a current of 0.5 A. Find the electric power. āĻāĻāĻž āĻŦāĻžāϞā§āĻŦ ⧍⧍ā§Ļ V āĻŦāĻŋāĻā§ąāϤ āĻā§°ā§ ā§Ļ.ā§Ģ A āϧāĻžā§°āĻžāϤ āĻāĻžāĻŽ āĻā§°ā§āĨ¤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āϝā§ā§ āĻā§āώāĻŽāϤāĻž āύāĻŋā§°ā§āĻŖāϝāĻŧ āĻā§°āĻāĨ¤
Given / āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻšā§āĻā§: V = 220 V, I = 0.5 A
Formula / āϏā§āϤā§ā§°: P = VI
Calculation / āĻāĻŖāύāĻž: P = 220 × 0.5 = 110 W
Ans / āĻāϤā§āϤ⧰: Electric power = 110 W : āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āϝā§ā§ āĻā§āώāĻŽāϤāĻž = ā§§ā§§ā§Ļ ā§ąāĻžāĻ
Exam Tips (Very Important / āĻ āϤāĻŋ āĻā§ā§°ā§āϤā§āĻŦāĻĒā§ā§°ā§āĻŖ)
5. Electric Energy (Units Consumed)
A heater of 1000 W works for 2 hours. Find the energy consumed in kWh. ā§§ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ļ W āĻā§āώāĻŽāϤāĻžā§° āĻāĻāĻž āĻšāĻŋāĻāĻžā§° ⧍ āĻāĻŖā§āĻāĻž āĻāϞāĻŋāϞ⧠āĻāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āϝā§ā§ āĻļāĻā§āϤāĻŋ āĻā§°āĻ āĻšāϝāĻŧ (kWhāϤ) āύāĻŋā§°ā§āĻŖāϝāĻŧ āĻā§°āĻāĨ¤
Given / āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻšā§āĻā§: Power = 1000 W = 1 kW, Time = 2 h
Formula / āϏā§āϤā§ā§°: Energy = Power × Time
Calculation / āĻāĻŖāύāĻž: Energy = 1 × 2 = 2 kWh
Ans / āĻāϤā§āϤ⧰: Energy consumed = 2 units : āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšā§āϤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āϝā§ā§ āĻļāĻā§āϤāĻŋ = ⧍ āĻāĻāύāĻŋāĻ
6. Heating Effect of Electric Current
A current of 2 A flows through a resistor of 5 Ω for 10 s. Find the heat produced. ⧍ A āϧāĻžā§°āĻž ā§Ģ Ω āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋā§°ā§āϧ⧰ āĻŽāĻžāĻā§ā§°ā§ ā§§ā§Ļ āĻā§āĻā§āĻŖā§āĻĄ āĻĒā§ā§°āĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āĻā§āĻĒāύā§āύ āϤāĻžāĻĒ āύāĻŋā§°ā§āĻŖāϝāĻŧ āĻā§°āĻāĨ¤
Given / āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻšā§āĻā§: I = 2 A, R = 5 Ω, t = 10 s
Formula / āϏā§āϤā§ā§°: H = I²Rt
Calculation / āĻāĻŖāύāĻž:
H = (2)² × 5 × 10
H = 200 J
Ans / āĻāϤā§āϤ⧰: Heat produced = 200 J : āĻā§āĻĒāύā§āύ āϤāĻžāĻĒ = ⧍ā§Ļā§Ļ āĻā§āϞ
7. Electric Power (Using Current & Resistance)
A resistor of 8 Ω carries a current of 2 A. Find the power. ā§Ž Ω āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋā§°ā§āϧ⧰ āĻŽāĻžāĻā§ā§°ā§ ⧍ A āϧāĻžā§°āĻž āĻĒā§ā§°āĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āĻā§āώāĻŽāϤāĻž āύāĻŋā§°ā§āĻŖāϝāĻŧ āĻā§°āĻāĨ¤
Given / āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻšā§āĻā§: I = 2 A, R = 8 Ω
Formula / āϏā§āϤā§ā§°: P = I²R
Calculation / āĻāĻŖāύāĻž: P = (2)² × 8 = 32 W
Ans / āĻāϤā§āϤ⧰: Power = 32 W : āĻā§āώāĻŽāϤāĻž = ā§Šā§¨ ā§ąāĻžāĻ
8. Electric Power (Using Voltage & Resistance)
A bulb has resistance 100 Ω and works at 220 V. Find power. āĻāĻāĻž āĻŦāĻžāϞā§āĻŦā§° āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋā§°ā§āϧ ā§§ā§Ļā§Ļ Ω āĻā§°ā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻā§ą ⧍⧍ā§Ļ VāĨ¤ āĻā§āώāĻŽāϤāĻž āύāĻŋā§°ā§āĻŖāϝāĻŧ āĻā§°āĻāĨ¤
Given / āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻšā§āĻā§: V = 220 V, R = 100 Ω
Formula / āϏā§āϤā§ā§°: P = V² / R
Calculation / āĻāĻŖāύāĻž:
P = (220)² / 100
P = 484 W
Ans / āĻāϤā§āϤ⧰: Power = 484 W : āĻā§āώāĻŽāϤāĻž = ā§Ēā§Žā§Ē ā§ąāĻžāĻ
10. Cost of Electricity (Electricity Bill)
A 2 kW heater runs for 5 hours daily for 10 days.Cost of electricity = âš6 per unit. Find total cost. ⧍ kW āĻšāĻŋāĻāĻžā§° āĻāĻāĻž āĻĻāĻŋāύ⧠ā§Ģ āĻāĻŖā§āĻāĻž, ā§§ā§Ļ āĻĻāĻŋāύ āĻāϞāĻŋāϞ⧠āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āϝā§ā§ āĻŦāĻŋāϞ āĻāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻš'āĻŦ ? (āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋ āĻāĻāύāĻŋāĻā§° āĻŽā§āϞā§āϝ = âš6)