Geography : Chapter 2 : Forest and Wildlife Resources
1. What is Biodiversity ? āĻā§ā§ą-āĻŦā§āĻāĻŋāĻ¤ā§ā§°ā§āĻ¯ āĻŦā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ˛ā§ āĻāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻā§ā§ąāĻž āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ ?
Ans / āĻāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§°:
Note: The variety of living organisms such as plants and animals found in an environment is called biodiversity. āĻā§āĻ¨ā§ āĻāĻāĻž āĻĒā§°āĻŋā§ąā§āĻļāĻ¤ āĻĒā§ā§ąāĻž āĻāĻĻā§āĻāĻŋāĻĻ āĻā§°ā§ āĻĒā§ā§°āĻžāĻŖā§ā§° āĻŦā§āĻāĻŋāĻ¤ā§ā§°ā§āĻ¯āĻ āĻā§ā§ą-āĻŦā§āĻāĻŋāĻ¤ā§ā§°ā§āĻ¯ āĻā§ā§ąāĻž āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
2. Differentiate between Endangered and Vulnerable Species. āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻā§°ā§ āĻ¸āĻāĻāĻāĻā§ā§°āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ āĻĒā§ā§°āĻāĻžāĻ¤āĻŋā§° āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§āĻĨāĻā§āĻ¯ āĻ˛āĻŋāĻāĻžāĨ¤
Endangered Species (āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻĒā§ā§°āĻāĻžāĻ¤āĻŋ)
- Species which are at the verge of extinction. āĻ¯āĻŋāĻŦā§ā§° āĻĒā§ā§°āĻāĻžāĻ¤āĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āĻĒā§āĻ¤ āĻšā§ā§ąāĻžā§° āĻāĻžāĻˇāĻ¤ āĻāĻā§āĨ¤
- Examples: Tiger, Blackbuck. āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšā§°āĻŖ: āĻŦāĻžāĻ, āĻā§āĻˇā§āĻŖāĻ¸āĻžā§° āĻšā§°āĻŋāĻŖ
Vulnerable Species (āĻ¸āĻāĻāĻāĻā§ā§°āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ āĻĒā§ā§°āĻāĻžāĻ¤āĻŋ)
- Species which are likely to become endangered soon. āĻ¯āĻŋāĻŦā§ā§° āĻĒā§ā§°āĻāĻžāĻ¤āĻŋ āĻļā§āĻā§ā§°ā§āĻ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻš’āĻŦ āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§āĨ¤
- Examples: Asiatic Elephant, Ganges Dolphin. āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšā§°āĻŖ: āĻāĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻ āĻšāĻžāĻ¤ā§, āĻāĻāĻāĻž āĻĄāĻ˛āĻĢāĻŋāĻ¨
3. List the causes of depletion of forests and wildlife. āĻŦāĻ¨ āĻā§°ā§ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻĒā§ā§°āĻžāĻŖā§ āĻšā§ā§°āĻžāĻ¸ā§° āĻāĻžā§°āĻŖāĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻš āĻ˛āĻŋāĻāĻžāĨ¤
Ans / āĻāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§°:
- Deforestation for agriculture : āĻā§āĻˇāĻŋā§° āĻŦāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻŦāĻ¨ āĻāĻā§āĻā§āĻĻ
- Industrialisation and urbanisation : āĻļāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āĻĒāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¨ āĻā§°ā§ āĻ¨āĻā§°ā§āĻā§°āĻŖ
- Mining projects : āĻāĻ¨āĻ¨ āĻĒā§ā§°āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻĒ
- Overgrazing by cattle : āĻĒāĻļā§āĻ§āĻ¨ā§° āĻ āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§ā§°āĻž āĻā§°āĻŖ
- Hunting and poaching of wildlife : āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻĒā§ā§°āĻžāĻŖā§ā§° āĻāĻŋāĻāĻžā§° āĻā§°ā§ āĻā§ā§°āĻžāĻļāĻŋāĻāĻžā§°
- Forest fires : āĻŦāĻ¨ āĻ āĻā§āĻ¨āĻŋāĻāĻžāĻŖā§āĻĄ
4. What steps have been taken by the Government for conservation of forests and wildlife ? āĻŦāĻ¨ āĻā§°ā§ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻĒā§ā§°āĻžāĻŖā§ āĻ¸āĻā§°āĻā§āĻˇāĻŖā§° āĻŦāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻā§°āĻāĻžā§°ā§ āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§ąāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž āĻ˛ā§āĻā§ ?
Ans / āĻāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§°:
- Setting up Wildlife Sanctuaries : āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻĒā§ā§°āĻžāĻŖā§ āĻ āĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžā§°āĻŖā§āĻ¯ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāĻ¨
- Setting up National Parks : ā§°āĻžāĻˇā§āĻā§ā§°ā§āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻāĻĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāĻ¨
- Establishment of Biosphere Reserves : āĻā§ā§ąāĻŽāĻŖā§āĻĄāĻ˛ āĻ¸āĻā§°āĻā§āĻˇāĻŖ āĻā§āĻˇā§āĻ¤ā§ā§°
- Project Tiger : āĻĒā§ā§°āĻā§āĻā§āĻ āĻāĻžāĻāĻāĻžā§°
- Project Elephant : āĻĒā§ā§°āĻā§āĻā§āĻ āĻāĻ˛āĻŋāĻĢā§āĻŖā§āĻ
5. Explain the Chipko Movement.: āĻāĻŋāĻĒāĻā§ āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§āĻ˛āĻ¨ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻā§āĻ¯āĻž āĻā§°āĻžāĨ¤
Ans / āĻāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§°: The Chipko Movement started in the 1970s in Uttarakhand. Local people hugged trees to stop contractors from cutting them and to prevent deforestation. āĻāĻŋāĻĒāĻā§ āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§āĻ˛āĻ¨ ā§§ā§¯ā§ā§Ļ āĻĻāĻļāĻāĻ¤ āĻāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§°āĻžāĻāĻŖā§āĻĄāĻ¤ āĻā§°āĻŽā§āĻ āĻšā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤ āĻŦāĻ¨ āĻāĻā§āĻā§āĻĻ ā§°ā§āĻ§ āĻā§°āĻŋāĻŦāĻ˛ā§ āĻ˛ā§āĻāĻ¸āĻāĻ˛ā§ āĻāĻ āĻāĻāĻā§ā§ąāĻžāĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ˛ā§ āĻĒā§ā§°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āĻā§°āĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤
7. Biodiversity refers to - āĻā§ā§ą-āĻŦā§āĻāĻŋāĻ¤ā§ā§°ā§āĻ¯ āĻŦā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ˛ā§ āĻāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻā§ā§ąāĻž āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ ?
(a) Only plants | (b) Only animals | (c) Variety of living organisms | (d) Forest resources only
Ans: (c) Variety of living organisms
Note: Biodiversity includes plants, animals and microorganisms. āĻā§ā§ą-āĻŦā§āĻāĻŋāĻ¤ā§ā§°ā§āĻ¯āĻ¤ āĻāĻĻā§āĻāĻŋāĻĻ, āĻĒā§ā§°āĻžāĻŖā§ āĻā§°ā§ āĻ
āĻŖā§āĻā§ā§ą āĻ
āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§°ā§āĻā§āĻā§āĻ¤āĨ¤
8. Which of the following is an endangered species ? āĻ¤āĻ˛ā§° āĻā§āĻ¨āĻā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻĒā§ā§°āĻāĻžāĻ¤āĻŋ ?
(a) Asiatic Elephant | (b) Ganges Dolphin | (c) Tiger | (d) Peacock
Ans: (c) Tiger
Note: Tiger is at the verge of extinction. āĻŦāĻžāĻ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āĻĒā§āĻ¤ āĻšā§ā§ąāĻžā§° āĻāĻžāĻˇāĻ¤ āĻĨāĻāĻž āĻĒā§ā§°āĻāĻžāĻ¤āĻŋāĨ¤
9. Species which are likely to become endangered soon are called - āĻļā§āĻā§ā§°ā§āĻ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻš’āĻŦ āĻĒā§°āĻž āĻĒā§ā§°āĻāĻžāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ āĻāĻŋ āĻā§ā§ąāĻž āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ ?
(a) Extinct | (b) Normal | (c) Endangered | (d) Vulnerable
Ans: (d) Vulnerable
Note: Vulnerable species may become endangered. āĻ¸āĻāĻāĻāĻā§ā§°āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ āĻĒā§ā§°āĻāĻžāĻ¤āĻŋ āĻā§ąāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ¯āĻ¤ā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻš’āĻŦ āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§āĨ¤
10. Which of the following is NOT a cause of depletion of forests ? āĻ¤āĻ˛ā§° āĻā§āĻ¨āĻā§ āĻŦāĻ¨ āĻšā§ā§°āĻžāĻ¸ā§° āĻāĻžā§°āĻŖ āĻ¨āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ ?
(a) Mining | (b) Overgrazing | (c) Urbanisation | (d) Afforestation
Ans: (d) Afforestation
Note: Afforestation increases forest cover. āĻŦā§āĻā§āĻˇā§°ā§āĻĒāĻŖā§ āĻŦāĻ¨ āĻŦā§āĻĻā§āĻ§āĻŋ āĻā§°ā§āĨ¤
11. Which project was launched for tiger conservation in India ? āĻāĻžā§°āĻ¤āĻ¤ āĻŦāĻžāĻ āĻ¸āĻā§°āĻā§āĻˇāĻŖā§° āĻŦāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻā§āĻ¨ āĻĒā§ā§°āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻĒ āĻā§°āĻŽā§āĻ āĻā§°āĻž āĻšā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛ ?
(a) Project Rhino | (b) Project Lion | (c) Project Tiger | (d) Project Deer
Ans: (c) Project Tiger
Note: It was started to protect tigers. āĻŦāĻžāĻ āĻ¸āĻā§°āĻā§āĻˇāĻŖā§° āĻŦāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻā§°āĻŽā§āĻ āĻā§°āĻž āĻšā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤
12. Which movement involved people hugging trees to stop deforestation ? āĻāĻ āĻāĻžāĻāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ˛ā§ā§ąāĻž ā§°ā§āĻ§ āĻā§°āĻŋāĻŦāĻ˛ā§ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻšā§ āĻāĻ āĻāĻāĻā§ā§ąāĻžāĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ˛ā§ā§ąāĻž āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§āĻ˛āĻ¨ āĻā§āĻ¨āĻā§ ?
(a) Narmada Movement | (b) Chipko Movement | (c) Silent Valley Movement | (d) Jungle Bachao
Ans: (b) Chipko Movement
Note: Started in the 1970s to protect forests. āĻŦāĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻā§°āĻā§āĻˇāĻŖā§° āĻŦāĻžāĻŦā§ ā§§ā§¯ā§ā§Ļ āĻĻāĻļāĻāĻ¤ āĻā§°āĻŽā§āĻ āĻšā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤
13. Which of the following is a government measure for wildlife conservation ? āĻ¤āĻ˛ā§° āĻā§āĻ¨āĻā§ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻĒā§ā§°āĻžāĻŖā§ āĻ¸āĻā§°āĻā§āĻˇāĻŖā§° āĻā§°āĻāĻžā§°ā§ āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§ąāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž ?
(a) Poaching | (b) Mining | (c) Wildlife Sanctuary | (d) Overgrazing
Ans: (c) Wildlife Sanctuary
Note: Sanctuaries protect wildlife. āĻ
āĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžā§°āĻŖā§āĻ¯āĻ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻĒā§ā§°āĻžāĻŖā§ āĻ¸āĻā§°āĻā§āĻˇāĻŖ āĻā§°ā§āĨ¤
14. Blackbuck belongs to which category ? āĻā§āĻˇā§āĻŖāĻ¸āĻžā§° āĻšā§°āĻŋāĻŖ āĻā§āĻ¨ āĻļā§ā§°ā§āĻŖā§ā§° āĻ
āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§°ā§āĻā§āĻā§āĻ¤ ?
(a) Normal | (b) Vulnerable | (c) Endangered | (d) Extinct
Ans: (c) Endangered
Note: Blackbuck is a threatened species. āĻā§āĻˇā§āĻŖāĻ¸āĻžā§° āĻšā§°āĻŋāĻŖ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻĒā§ā§°āĻāĻžāĻ¤āĻŋāĨ¤