What is a Quadratic Equation ? MCQs on Quadratic Equations (Class 10 â NCERT)
What is a Quadratic Equation ? : Quadratic Equation āĻāĻŋ ?
A quadratic equation is an equation in which the highest power of the variable (x) is 2. : āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻžāϤ āϏāĻŽā§āĻā§°āĻŖ āĻšā§āĻā§ āĻāύ⧠āĻāĻāĻž āϏāĻŽā§āĻā§°āĻŖ āϝ’āϤ āĻāϞāĻ (x)-ā§° āϏ⧰ā§āĻŦā§āĻā§āĻ āĻāĻžāϤ 2 āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
Standard Form : (āϏāĻžāϧāĻžā§°āĻŖ ā§°ā§āĻĒ) : ax2+bx+c=0
Where:
- a, b, c are real numbers (a ≠ 0) : a, b, c āĻŦāĻžāϏā§āĻ¤ā§ą āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻž (a ≠ 0 āĻšāĻŦ āϞāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻŦ)
- x is the variable : x āĻšā§āĻā§ āĻāϞāĻ
Examples: (āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšā§°āĻŖ)
- x² + 5x + 6 = 0 (Quadratic)
- 2x² − 3x + 1 = 0 (Quadratic)
- x² = 9 ⇒ x² − 9 = 0 (Quadratic)
Not quadratic: -
- x³ + 2x = 0 (degree 3) : x² + 5x + 6 = 0 → āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻžāϤ
- 2x + 5 = 0 (degree 1) : x³ + 2x = 0 → āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻžāϤ āύāĻšāϝāĻŧ (āĻāĻžāϤ 3)
Key Points (āĻā§āϰā§āϤā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ āĻĻāĻŋāĻļāĻž)
- Degree must be 2 : āĻāĻžāϤ = 2 āĻšāĻŦ āϞāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻŦ
- Always written in form ax² + bx + c = 0 : āϏāĻžāϧāĻžā§°āĻŖ ā§°ā§āĻĒ ax² + bx + c = 0
- Can have 2, 1, or no real roots : 2āĻāĻž, 1āĻāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻā§āύ⧠āĻŦāĻžāϏā§āĻ¤ā§ą āĻŽā§āϞ āύāĻžāĻĨāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻŦ āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§
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Q1. The standard form of a quadratic equation is: āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻžāϤ āϏāĻŽā§āĻā§°āĻŖā§° āϏāĻžāϧāĻžā§°āĻŖ ā§°ā§āĻĒ āĻāĻŋ ?
A. ax + b = 0 B. ax² + bx + c = 0 C. ax³ + bx² + c = 0 D. ax² + c = 0
Ans: B
Explanation: A quadratic equation must have highest power 2. : āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻžāϤ āϏāĻŽā§āĻā§°āĻŖāϤ x-ā§° āϏ⧰ā§āĻŦā§āĻā§āĻ āĻāĻžāϤ 2 āĻšāĻŦ āϞāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻŦāĨ¤
Q2. Which of the following is a quadratic equation ? : āϤāϞ⧰ āĻā§āύāĻā§ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻžāϤ āϏāĻŽā§āĻā§°āĻŖ ?
A. 2x + 5 = 0 B. x² − 4x + 3 = 0 C. x³ + x = 0 D. 4x + 7 = 3
Ans: B
Explanation: Degree of equation = 2 → quadratic. : āϏāĻŽā§āĻā§°āĻŖā§° āĻāĻžāϤ 2 āĻšā§ā§ąāĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻāĻāĻā§ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻžāϤāĨ¤
Q3. The number of solutions of a quadratic equation is: : āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻžāϤ āϏāĻŽā§āĻā§°āĻŖā§° āĻāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāύāĻāĻž āϏāĻŽāĻžāϧāĻžāύ āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻŦ āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§ ?
A. One B. Two C. Three D. At most two
Ans: D
Explanation: It can have 0, 1, or 2 real solutions. : āĻ 0, 1 āĻŦāĻž 2āĻāĻž āĻŦāĻžāϏā§āĻ¤ā§ą āϏāĻŽāĻžāϧāĻžāύ āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻŦ āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§āĨ¤
Q4. The discriminant of ax² + bx + c = 0 is: ax² + bx + c = 0 āϏāĻŽā§āĻā§°āĻŖā§° discriminant āĻāĻŋ ?
A. b² − 4ac B. b² + 4ac C. 4ac − b² D. 2b² − ac
Ans: A
Explanation: Discriminant D = b² − 4ac. : Discriminant D = b² − 4acāĨ¤
Q5. If D = 0, then roots are: āϝāĻĻāĻŋ D = 0 āĻšāϝāĻŧ, āϤā§āύā§āϤ⧠āĻŽā§āϞāĻŦā§ā§° āĻā§āύā§āĻā§ā§ąāĻž?**
A. Real & distinct B. Real & equal C. Imaginary D. Irrational
Ans: B
Explanation: Both roots are equal. : āĻĻā§āϝāĻŧā§āĻāĻž āĻŽā§āϞ āϏāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
Q6. If D > 0, then roots are: āϝāĻĻāĻŋ D > 0 āĻšāϝāĻŧ, āϤā§āύā§āϤ⧠āĻŽā§āϞāĻŦā§ā§° āĻā§āύā§āĻā§ā§ąāĻž ?
A. Real & distinct B. Real & equal C. Imaginary D. Zero
Ans: A
Explanation: Roots are real and different. : āĻŽā§āϞāĻŦā§ā§° āĻŦāĻžāϏā§āĻ¤ā§ą āĻā§°ā§ āĻŦā§āϞā§āĻ āĻŦā§āϞā§āĻ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
Q7. Method used to solve quadratic equations: : āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻžāϤ āϏāĻŽā§āĻā§°āĻŖ āϏāĻŽāĻžāϧāĻžāύ āĻā§°āĻžā§° āĻĒāĻĻā§āϧāϤāĻŋ āĻāĻŋ ?
A. Factorisation B. Completing square C. Quadratic formula D. All of these
Ans: D
Explanation: All methods can be used. : āϏāĻāϞ⧠āĻĒāĻĻā§āϧāϤāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšāĻžā§° āĻā§°āĻŋāĻŦ āĻĒāĻžā§°āĻŋāĨ¤
Q8. Quadratic formula is: : āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻžāϤ āϏāĻŽā§āĻā§°āĻŖā§° āϏā§āϤā§āϰ āĻāĻŋ ?
A. (−b ± √(b² − 4ac)) / 2a B. (b ± √(b² − 4ac)) / 2a C. (−b ± √(b² + 4ac)) / 2a D. (−b ± √(4ac − b²)) / 2a
Ans: A
Explanation: This is the standard quadratic formula. : āĻāĻāĻā§ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻžāϤ āϏāĻŽā§āĻā§°āĻŖā§° āĻŽā§āϞ āϏā§āϤā§āϰāĨ¤
Q9. Roots of x² − 5x + 6 = 0 are: x² − 5x + 6 = 0 ā§° āĻŽā§āϞāĻŦā§ā§° āĻāĻŋ ?
A. 2 and 3 B. 1 and 6 C. 3 and 5 D. 2 and 4
Ans: A
Explanation: (x−2)(x−3) = 0 ⇒ roots (āĻŽā§āϞ ) = 2, 3
Q10. Equation x² = 16 has solutions: x² = 16 āϏāĻŽā§āĻā§°āĻŖā§° āϏāĻŽāĻžāϧāĻžāύ āĻāĻŋ ?
A. 4 only B. −4 only C. 4 and −4 D. 16 and −16
Ans: C
Explanation: x = ± 4, x = +4 āĻā§°ā§ −4
Final Quick Notes
- D = b² − 4ac → discriminant
- D > 0 → Real & distinct → āĻŦāĻžāϏā§āĻ¤ā§ą āĻā§°ā§ āĻŦā§āϞā§āĻ
- D = 0 → Equal roots → āϏāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻŽā§āϞ
- D < 0 → No real roots → āĻŦāĻžāϏā§āĻ¤ā§ą āĻŽā§āϞ āύāĻžāĻ