What is a Quadratic Equation ? MCQs on Quadratic Equations (Class 10 – NCERT)


What is a Quadratic Equation ? : Quadratic Equation āĻ•āĻŋ ?


A quadratic equation is an equation in which the highest power of the variable (x) is 2. : āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϘāĻžāϤ āϏāĻŽā§€āϕ⧰āĻŖ āĻšā§ˆāϛ⧇ āĻāύ⧇ āĻāϟāĻž āϏāĻŽā§€āϕ⧰āĻŖ āϝ’āϤ āϚāϞāĻ• (x)-ā§° āĻ¸ā§°ā§āĻŦā§‹āĻšā§āϚ āϘāĻžāϤ 2 āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤


Standard Form : (āϏāĻžāϧāĻžā§°āĻŖ ā§°ā§‚āĻĒ) : ax2+bx+c=0


Where:



  • a, b, c are real numbers (a ≠ 0) : a, b, c āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§ą āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻž (a ≠ 0 āĻšāĻŦ āϞāĻžāĻ—āĻŋāĻŦ)

  • x is the variable : x āĻšā§ˆāϛ⧇ āϚāϞāĻ•


Examples: (āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšā§°āĻŖ)



  1. x² + 5x + 6 = 0 (Quadratic)

  2. 2x² − 3x + 1 = 0 (Quadratic)

  3. x² = 9 ⇒ x² − 9 = 0 (Quadratic)


Not quadratic: -



  • x³ + 2x = 0 (degree 3) : x² + 5x + 6 = 0 → āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϘāĻžāϤ

  • 2x + 5 = 0 (degree 1) : x³ + 2x = 0 → āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϘāĻžāϤ āύāĻšāϝāĻŧ (āϘāĻžāϤ 3)


Key Points (āϗ⧁āϰ⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻĻāĻŋāĻļāĻž)



  • Degree must be 2 : āϘāĻžāϤ = 2 āĻšāĻŦ āϞāĻžāĻ—āĻŋāĻŦ

  • Always written in form ax² + bx + c = 0 : āϏāĻžāϧāĻžā§°āĻŖ ā§°ā§‚āĻĒ ax² + bx + c = 0

  • Can have 2, 1, or no real roots : 2āϟāĻž, 1āϟāĻž āĻŦāĻž āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§ą āĻŽā§‚āϞ āύāĻžāĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻŋāĻŦ āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§‡


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Q1. The standard form of a quadratic equation is: āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϘāĻžāϤ āϏāĻŽā§€āϕ⧰āĻŖā§° āϏāĻžāϧāĻžā§°āĻŖ ā§°ā§‚āĻĒ āĻ•āĻŋ ?


A. ax + b = 0  B. ax² + bx + c = 0  C. ax³ + bx² + c = 0  D. ax² + c = 0


Ans: B


Explanation: A quadratic equation must have highest power 2. : āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϘāĻžāϤ āϏāĻŽā§€āϕ⧰āĻŖāϤ x-ā§° āĻ¸ā§°ā§āĻŦā§‹āĻšā§āϚ āϘāĻžāϤ 2 āĻšāĻŦ āϞāĻžāĻ—āĻŋāĻŦāĨ¤


Q2. Which of the following is a quadratic equation ? : āϤāϞ⧰ āϕ⧋āύāĻŸā§‹ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϘāĻžāϤ āϏāĻŽā§€āϕ⧰āĻŖ ?


A. 2x + 5 = 0  B. x² − 4x + 3 = 0  C. x³ + x = 0  D. 4x + 7 = 3


Ans: B


Explanation: Degree of equation = 2 → quadratic. : āϏāĻŽā§€āϕ⧰āĻŖā§° āϘāĻžāϤ 2 āĻšā§‹ā§ąāĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻāχāĻŸā§‹ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϘāĻžāϤāĨ¤


Q3. The number of solutions of a quadratic equation is: : āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϘāĻžāϤ āϏāĻŽā§€āϕ⧰āĻŖā§° āĻ•āĻŋāĻŽāĻžāύāϟāĻž āϏāĻŽāĻžāϧāĻžāύ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻŋāĻŦ āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§‡ ?


A. One  B. Two  C. Three  D. At most two


Ans: D


Explanation: It can have 0, 1, or 2 real solutions. :  āχ 0, 1 āĻŦāĻž 2āϟāĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§ą āϏāĻŽāĻžāϧāĻžāύ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻŋāĻŦ āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§‡āĨ¤


Q4. The discriminant of ax² + bx + c = 0 is: ax² + bx + c = 0 āϏāĻŽā§€āϕ⧰āĻŖā§° discriminant āĻ•āĻŋ ? 


A. b² − 4ac  B. b² + 4ac  C. 4ac − b²  D. 2b² − ac


Ans: A


Explanation: Discriminant D = b² − 4ac. :  Discriminant D = b² − 4acāĨ¤


Q5. If D = 0, then roots are: āϝāĻĻāĻŋ D = 0 āĻšāϝāĻŧ, āϤ⧇āĻ¨ā§āϤ⧇ āĻŽā§‚āϞāĻŦā§‹ā§° āϕ⧇āύ⧇āĻ•ā§ā§ąāĻž?**


A. Real & distinct  B. Real & equal  C. Imaginary  D. Irrational


Ans: B


Explanation: Both roots are equal. : āĻĻ⧁āϝāĻŧā§‹āϟāĻž āĻŽā§‚āϞ āϏāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤


Q6. If D > 0, then roots are: āϝāĻĻāĻŋ D > 0 āĻšāϝāĻŧ, āϤ⧇āĻ¨ā§āϤ⧇ āĻŽā§‚āϞāĻŦā§‹ā§° āϕ⧇āύ⧇āĻ•ā§ā§ąāĻž ?


A. Real & distinct  B. Real & equal  C. Imaginary  D. Zero


Ans: A


Explanation: Roots are real and different. :  āĻŽā§‚āϞāĻŦā§‹ā§° āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§ą āφ⧰⧁ āĻŦ⧇āϞ⧇āĻ— āĻŦ⧇āϞ⧇āĻ— āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤


Q7. Method used to solve quadratic equations: : āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϘāĻžāϤ āϏāĻŽā§€āϕ⧰āĻŖ āϏāĻŽāĻžāϧāĻžāύ āϕ⧰āĻžā§° āĻĒāĻĻā§āϧāϤāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋ ? 


A. Factorisation  B. Completing square  C. Quadratic formula  D. All of these


Ans: D


Explanation: All methods can be used. : āϏāĻ•āϞ⧋ āĻĒāĻĻā§āϧāϤāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšāĻžā§° āϕ⧰āĻŋāĻŦ āĻĒāĻžā§°āĻŋāĨ¤


Q8. Quadratic formula is: : āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϘāĻžāϤ āϏāĻŽā§€āϕ⧰āĻŖā§° āϏ⧂āĻ¤ā§āϰ āĻ•āĻŋ ? 


A. (−b ± √(b² − 4ac)) / 2a  B. (b ± √(b² − 4ac)) / 2a  C. (−b ± √(b² + 4ac)) / 2a  D. (−b ± √(4ac − b²)) / 2a


Ans: A


Explanation: This is the standard quadratic formula. : āĻāχāĻŸā§‹ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϘāĻžāϤ āϏāĻŽā§€āϕ⧰āĻŖā§° āĻŽā§‚āϞ āϏ⧂āĻ¤ā§āϰāĨ¤


Q9. Roots of x² − 5x + 6 = 0 are: x² − 5x + 6 = 0 ā§° āĻŽā§‚āϞāĻŦā§‹ā§° āĻ•āĻŋ ? 


A. 2 and 3  B. 1 and 6  C. 3 and 5  D. 2 and 4


Ans: A


Explanation: (x−2)(x−3) = 0 ⇒ roots (āĻŽā§‚āϞ ) = 2, 3


Q10. Equation x² = 16 has solutions: x² = 16 āϏāĻŽā§€āϕ⧰āĻŖā§° āϏāĻŽāĻžāϧāĻžāύ āĻ•āĻŋ ?


A. 4 only  B. −4 only  C. 4 and −4  D. 16 and −16


Ans: C


Explanation: x = ± 4, x = +4 āφ⧰⧁ −4


Final Quick Notes



  • D = b² − 4ac → discriminant

  • D > 0 → Real & distinct → āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§ą āφ⧰⧁ āĻŦ⧇āϞ⧇āĻ—

  • D = 0 → Equal roots → āϏāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻŽā§‚āϞ

  • D < 0 → No real roots → āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§ą āĻŽā§‚āϞ āύāĻžāχ