Boats & Streams : 1
Boats & Streams : Solving Exam Problems : āĻĒā§°ā§āĻā§āώāĻžā§° āĻĒā§ā§°āĻļā§āύ āϏāĻŽāĻžāϧāĻžāύ
Important Formulas (āĻā§ā§°ā§āϤā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ āϏā§āϤā§ā§°)
Boat speed (still water) = (Downstream + Upstream) ÷ 2 // āύāĻžāĻā§° āĻāϤāĻŋ (āϏā§āĻĨāĻŋā§° āĻĒāĻžāύā§) = (āϏā§āĻāϤ⧰ āĻĻāĻŋāĻļ + āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒā§°ā§āϤ āĻĻāĻŋāĻļ) ÷ 2
Stream speed = (Downstream − Upstream) ÷ 2 : āϏā§āĻāϤ⧰ āĻāϤāĻŋ = (āϏā§āĻāϤ⧰ āĻĻāĻŋāĻļ − āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒā§°ā§āϤ āĻĻāĻŋāĻļ) ÷ 2
Very important exam formulas : āĻ āϤā§āϝāύā§āϤ āĻā§ā§°ā§āϤā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ āϏā§āϤā§ā§°
Direction Concept (āĻĻāĻŋāĻļā§° āϧāĻžā§°āĻŖāĻž)
- Downstream → with current : āϏā§āĻāϤ⧰ āĻĻāĻŋāĻļ → āĻĒāĻžāύā§ā§° āϞāĻāϤ
- Upstream → against current : āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒā§°ā§āϤ āĻĻāĻŋāĻļ → āĻĒāĻžāύā§ā§° āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒā§°ā§āϤā§
- Water flow → â : āĻĒāĻžāύā§ā§° āϏā§āĻāϤ â
Example 1 (āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšā§°āĻŖ ā§§)
- Downstream speed = 24 km/h
- Upstream speed = 16 km/h
Boat speed = (24 + 16) ÷ 2 = 40 ÷ 2 = 20 km/h : āύāĻžāĻā§° āĻāϤāĻŋ = 20 āĻāĻŋāĻŽāĻŋ/āĻāĻŖā§āĻāĻž
Stream speed = (24 − 16) ÷ 2 = 8 ÷ 2 = 4 km/h : āϏā§āĻāϤ⧰ āĻāϤāĻŋ = 4 āĻāĻŋāĻŽāĻŋ/āĻāĻŖā§āĻāĻž
Example 2 (āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšā§°āĻŖ ⧍)
- Boat speed (still water) = 18 km/h
- Stream speed = 3 km/h
Downstream speed = 18 + 3 = 21 km/h : āϏā§āĻāϤ⧰ āĻĻāĻŋāĻļāϤ āĻāϤāĻŋ = 21 āĻāĻŋāĻŽāĻŋ/āĻāĻŖā§āĻāĻž
Upstream speed = 18 − 3 = 15 km/h : āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒā§°ā§āϤ āĻĻāĻŋāĻļāϤ āĻāϤāĻŋ = 15 āĻāĻŋāĻŽāĻŋ/āĻāĻŖā§āĻāĻž
Speed Direction Idea (āϏāĻšāĻ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāĻŦā§āĻāĻŋ)
- Boat →→→ (Downstream) → Faster : āϏā§āĻāϤ⧰ āĻĻāĻŋāĻļāϤ → āĻĻā§ā§°ā§āϤ
- Boat ←←← (Upstream) → Slower : āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒā§°ā§āϤ āĻĻāĻŋāĻļāϤ → āϧā§ā§°
Exam Trick : (āĻĒā§°ā§āĻā§āώāĻžā§° āĻā§āĻļāϞ)
Use formula: Speed = Distance ÷ Time (āĻāϤāĻŋ = āĻĻā§ā§°āϤā§āĻŦ ÷ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ)
Forward journey → use downstream speed : āĻāĻāϞ⧠āϝāĻžāϤā§ā§°āĻž → āϏā§āĻāϤ⧰ āĻāϤāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšāĻžā§° āĻā§°āĻ
Common Mistakes : āϏāĻžāϧāĻžā§°āĻŖ āĻā§āϞ
- Confusing upstream and downstream : āĻĻāĻŋāĻļ āĻā§āĻāĻžāĻ āĻĒā§āϞā§ā§ąāĻž
- Using wrong speed formula : āĻā§āϞ āϏā§āϤā§ā§° āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšāĻžā§°
- Forgetting to divide by 2 : ⧍⧰⧠āĻāĻžāĻ āĻā§°āĻŋāĻŦ āĻĒāĻžāĻšā§°āĻž
Key Concept : (āĻŽā§āĻā§āϝ āϧāĻžā§°āĻŖāĻž)
- Boat speed = average of upstream & downstream speeds
- āύāĻžāĻā§° āĻāϤāĻŋ = upstream āĻā§°ā§ downstream āĻāϤāĻŋā§° āĻāĻĄāĻŧ
Golden Reminder (āĻā§ā§°ā§āϤā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ āĻŽāύāϤ ā§°āĻžāĻāĻŋāĻŦ)
Downstream → Add speeds : āϏā§āĻāϤ⧰ āĻĻāĻŋāĻļ → āϝā§āĻ āĻā§°āĻ
Upstream → Subtract speeds : āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒā§°ā§āϤ āĻĻāĻŋāĻļ → āĻŦāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§āĻ āĻā§°āĻ