Element 3: Lithium (Li) / āĻŽā§ŒāϞ ā§Š: āϞāĻŋāĻĨāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŽ (Li) – Used in rechargeable batteries, medicines.





 










Element 3: Lithium (Li) / āĻŽā§ŒāϞ ā§Š: āϞāĻŋāĻĨāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŽ (Li)


Basic Information / āĻŽā§ŒāϞāĻŋāĻ• āϤāĻĨā§āϝ


Lithium (Li) is the third element of the periodic table with atomic number 3. It is a metal and is


known as the lightest metal. āϞāĻŋāĻĨāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŽ (Li) āĻ†ā§ąā§°ā§āϤ āϏāĻžā§°āϪ⧀⧰ āϤ⧃āϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻŽā§ŒāϞ āφ⧰⧁ āχāϝāĻŧāĻžā§° āĻĒāĻžā§°āĻŽāĻžāĻŖā§ąāĻŋāĻ• āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻž ā§ŠāĨ¤ āχ āĻāϟāĻž āϧāĻžāϤ⧁ āφ⧰⧁ āφāϟāĻžāχāϤāĻ•ā§ˆ āĻĒā§‹āĻšā§° āϧāĻžāϤ⧁āĨ¤


Structure of Atom / āĻĒā§°āĻŽāĻžāϪ⧁⧰ āĻ—āĻ āύ

Lithium has 3 protons, 3 electrons, and usually 4 neutrons. It has a simple atomic structure. āϞāĻŋāĻĨāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŽāϤ ā§ŠāϟāĻž āĻĒā§ā§°ā§‹āϟāύ, ā§ŠāϟāĻž āχāϞ⧇āĻ•ā§āĻŸā§ā§°āύ āφ⧰⧁ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžā§°āĻŖāϤ⧇ ā§ĒāϟāĻž āύāĻŋāωāĻŸā§ā§°āύ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇āĨ¤ āχāϝāĻŧāĻžā§° āϏāĻšāϜ āĻĒā§°āĻŽāĻžāϪ⧁ āĻ—āĻ āύ āφāϛ⧇āĨ¤








Properties / āϗ⧁āĻŖāϏāĻŽā§‚āĻš : Lithium is a very light and soft metal that can be cut easily. It reacts quickly with air and water, so it must be handled carefully and stored in oil. āϞāĻŋāĻĨāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŽ āĻāϟāĻž āĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻĒā§‹āĻšā§° āφ⧰⧁ āϕ⧋āĻŽāϞ āϧāĻžāϤ⧁, āϝāĻžāĻ• āϏāĻšāĻœā§‡ āĻ•āĻžāϟāĻŋāĻŦ āĻĒāĻžā§°āĻŋāĨ¤ āχ āĻŦāĻžāϝāĻŧ⧁ āφ⧰⧁ āĻĒāĻžāύ⧀⧰ āϏ⧈āϤ⧇ āĻ¤ā§ŽāĻ•ā§āώāĻŖāĻžāϤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•ā§ā§°āĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āϕ⧰⧇, āϏ⧇āϝāĻŧ⧇ āχāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻ• āϤ⧇āϞāϤ āϏāς⧰āĻ•ā§āώāĻŖ āϕ⧰āĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤


Uses / āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšāĻžā§° : Lithium is widely used in rechargeable batteries, especially in mobile phones, laptops, and electric vehicles. āϞāĻŋāĻĨāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŽ āĻĒ⧁āύ⧰ āϚāĻžā§°ā§āϜ āϕ⧰āĻŋāĻŦ āĻĒā§°āĻž āĻŦ⧇āϟāĻžā§°ā§€āϤ, āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āώāĻ•ā§ˆ āĻŽā§‹āĻŦāĻžāχāϞ āĻĢā§‹āύ, āϞ⧇āĻĒāϟāĻĒ āφ⧰⧁ āĻŦ⧈āĻĻā§āϝ⧁āϤāĻŋāĻ• āĻ—āĻžāĻĄāĻŧā§€āϤ āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšāĻžā§° āϕ⧰āĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤


Importance / āϗ⧁⧰⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦ : Lithium is very important because it is a key component of modern rechargeable batteries, making it essential for today’s electronic devices and electric vehicles. āϞāĻŋāĻĨāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŽ āĻ…āϤāĻŋ āϗ⧁⧰⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻ•āĻžā§°āĻŖ āχ āφāϧ⧁āύāĻŋāĻ• āĻŦ⧇āϟāĻžā§°ā§€ā§° āĻŽā§‚āϞ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļ, āϝāĻžā§° āĻŦāĻžāĻŦ⧇ āχ āχāϞ⧇āĻ•ā§āĻŸā§ā§°āύāĻŋāĻ• āĻĄāĻŋāĻ­āĻžāχāϚ āφ⧰⧁ āĻŦ⧈āĻĻā§āϝ⧁āϤāĻŋāĻ• āĻ—āĻžāĻĄāĻŧ⧀⧰ āĻŦāĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻ…āϤāĻŋ āĻĒā§ā§°āϝāĻŧā§‹āϜāύ⧀āϝāĻŧāĨ¤


Why Stored in Oil ? / āĻ•āĻŋāϝāĻŧ āϤ⧇āϞāϤ ā§°āĻ–āĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ ?


Lithium is stored in oil because it reacts quickly with air and water, and oil helps to protect it from reacting āϞāĻŋāĻĨāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŽ āĻŦāĻžāϝāĻŧ⧁ āφ⧰⧁ āĻĒāĻžāύ⧀⧰ āϏ⧈āϤ⧇ āĻ¤ā§ŽāĻ•ā§āώāĻŖāĻžāϤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•ā§ā§°āĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āϕ⧰⧇, āϏ⧇āϝāĻŧ⧇ āχāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻ• āϤ⧇āϞāϤ ā§°āĻžāĻ–āĻŋ āϏ⧁⧰āĻ•ā§āώāĻŋāϤ āϕ⧰āĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤


Fun Fact / ā§°ā§‹āĻŽāĻžāĻžā§āϚāϕ⧰ āϤāĻĨā§āϝ : Lithium is widely used in rechargeable batteries, which power many modern devices. āϞāĻŋāĻĨāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŽ āĻĒ⧁āύ⧰ āϚāĻžā§°ā§āϜ āϕ⧰āĻŋāĻŦ āĻĒā§°āĻž āĻŦ⧇āϟāĻžā§°ā§€āϤ āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšāĻžā§° āϕ⧰āĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ, āϝāĻŋ āφāϧ⧁āύāĻŋāĻ• āϝāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ā§°āϏāĻŽā§‚āĻš āϚāϞāĻžāĻŦāϞ⧈ āϏāĻšāĻžāϝāĻŧ āϕ⧰⧇āĨ¤


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Lithium (Li) – PYQ MCQs


Q1. Lithium belongs to which group of the periodic table ? : āϞāĻŋāĻĨāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŽ āĻ†ā§ąā§°ā§āϤ āϏāĻžā§°āϪ⧀⧰ āϕ⧋āύāĻŸā§‹ āĻ—ā§‹āϟāϤ āĻĒ⧰⧇ ?
(a) Group 1 (b) Group 2 (c) Group 17 (d) Group 18


Ans: (a) Group 1
Explanation: Lithium is an alkali metal, placed in Group 1. : āϞāĻŋāĻĨāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŽ āĻāϟāĻž āĻ•ā§āώāĻžā§° āϧāĻžāϤ⧁, āϏ⧇āϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻ—ā§‹āϟ ā§§āϤ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇āĨ¤


Q2. Atomic number of lithium is: āϞāĻŋāĻĨāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŽā§° āĻĒāĻžā§°āĻŽāĻžāĻŖā§ąāĻŋāĻ• āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻž āĻ•āĻŋ ?
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5


Ans: (b) 3
Explanation: Atomic number = number of protons = 3. : āĻĒāĻžā§°āĻŽāĻžāĻŖā§ąāĻŋāĻ• āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻž = āĻĒā§ā§°ā§‹āϟāύ⧰ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻž = ā§ŠāĨ¤


Q3. Lithium is classified as: āϞāĻŋāĻĨāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŽāĻ• āϕ⧇āύ⧇āĻ•ā§ˆ āĻļā§ā§°ā§‡āĻŖā§€āĻŦāĻĻā§āϧ āϕ⧰āĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ ?
(a) Non-metal (b) Metalloid (c) Metal (d) Noble gas


Ans: (c) Metal
Explanation: Lithium is a metal. : āϞāĻŋāĻĨāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŽ āĻāϟāĻž āϧāĻžāϤ⧁āĨ¤


Q4. Number of electrons in lithium atom is: āϞāĻŋāĻĨāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŽ āĻĒā§°āĻŽāĻžāϪ⧁āϤ āĻ•āĻŋāĻŽāĻžāύ āχāϞ⧇āĻ•ā§āĻŸā§ā§°āύ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇ ?
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5


Ans: (b) 3
Explanation: Lithium has 3 electrons equal to its atomic number. : āχāϝāĻŧāĻžāϤ ā§ŠāϟāĻž āχāϞ⧇āĻ•ā§āĻŸā§ā§°āύ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇āĨ¤


Q5. Lithium is stored in oil because: āϞāĻŋāĻĨāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŽ āϤ⧇āϞāϤ ā§°āĻžāĻ–āĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ āĻ•āĻžā§°āĻŖ -
(a) It is heavy (b) It reacts with air (c) It is solid (d) It is hard


Ans: (b) It reacts with air
Explanation: Lithium reacts with air and water, so it is stored in oil. : āχ āĻŦāĻžāϝāĻŧ⧁ āφ⧰⧁ āĻĒāĻžāύ⧀⧰ āϏ⧈āϤ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•ā§ā§°āĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āϕ⧰⧇, āϏ⧇āϝāĻŧ⧇ āϤ⧇āϞāϤ ā§°āĻžāĻ–āĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤


Q6. Lithium is mainly used in: āϞāĻŋāĻĨāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŽ āĻŽā§āĻ–ā§āϝāϤ āĻ•’āϤ āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšāĻžā§° āĻšāϝāĻŧ ?
(a) Clothes (b) Batteries (c) Wood (d) Cement


Ans: (b) Batteries
Explanation: Lithium is widely used in batteries. : āĻŦ⧇āϟāĻžā§°ā§€āϤ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻĒāĻ• āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšāĻžā§° āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤


Q7. Lithium is: āϞāĻŋāĻĨāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŽ āĻšā§ˆāϛ⧇ -
(a) Hard metal (b) Soft metal (c) Gas (d) Liquid


Ans: (b) Soft metal
Explanation: Lithium is a soft metal that can be cut. : āχ āϕ⧋āĻŽāϞ āϧāĻžāϤ⧁āĨ¤


Q8. How many protons are present in lithium ? : āϞāĻŋāĻĨāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŽāϤ āĻ•āĻŋāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻĒā§ā§°ā§‹āϟāύ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇ ?
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5


Ans: (b) 3
Explanation: Protons = atomic number = 3. : āĻĒā§ā§°ā§‹āϟāύ = ā§ŠāĨ¤


Q9. Lithium is the ______ metal. : āϞāĻŋāĻĨāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŽ āĻšā§ˆāϛ⧇ ______ āϧāĻžāϤ⧁āĨ¤
(a) Heaviest (b) Lightest (c) Strongest (d) Hardest


Ans: (b) Lightest
Explanation: Lithium is the lightest metal. : āϞāĻŋāĻĨāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŽ āφāϟāĻžāχāϤāĻ•ā§ˆ āĻĒā§‹āĻšā§° āϧāĻžāϤ⧁āĨ¤


Q10. Lithium is used in electric cars because: āϞāĻŋāĻĨāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŽ āĻŦ⧈āĻĻā§āϝ⧁āϤāĻŋāĻ• āĻ—āĻžāĻĄāĻŧā§€āϤ āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšāĻžā§° āϕ⧰āĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ āĻ•āĻžā§°āĻŖ -
(a) It is heavy (b) It stores energy (c) It is weak (d) It is gas


Ans: (b) It stores energy


Explanation: Lithium batteries store electrical energy efficiently. : āϞāĻŋāĻĨāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŽ āĻŦ⧇āϟāĻžā§°ā§€āϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻļāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ āϏāĻžā§āϚāϝāĻŧ āϕ⧰⧇āĨ¤