Element 3: Lithium (Li) / āĻŽā§ŒāϞ ā§Š: āϞāĻŋāĻĨāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŽ (Li) – Used in rechargeable batteries, medicines.







Basic Information / āĻŽā§ŒāϞāĻŋāĻ• āϤāĻĨā§āϝ







  • Name: Lithium / āύāĻžāĻŽ: āϞāĻŋāĻĨāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŽ

  • Symbol: Li / āϚāĻŋāĻšā§āύ: Li

  • Atomic Number: 3 / āĻĒāĻžā§°āĻŽāĻžāĻŖā§ąāĻŋāĻ• āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻž: ā§Š

  • Nature: Metal / āĻĒā§ā§°āĻ•ā§ƒāϤāĻŋ: āϧāĻžāϤ⧁


Lithium is the lightest metal. : āϞāĻŋāĻĨāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŽ āĻšā§ˆāϛ⧇ āφāϟāĻžāχāϤāĻ•ā§ˆ āĻĒā§‹āĻšā§° āϧāĻžāϤ⧁āĨ¤



Structure of Atom / āĻĒā§°āĻŽāĻžāϪ⧁⧰ āĻ—āĻ āύ



  • Protons: 3 / āĻĒā§ā§°ā§‹āϟāύ: ā§Š

  • Electrons: 3 / āχāϞ⧇āĻ•ā§āĻŸā§ā§°āύ: ā§Š

  • Neutrons: 4 (usually) / āύāĻŋāωāĻŸā§ā§°āύ: ā§Ē (āϏāĻžāϧāĻžā§°āĻŖāϤ⧇)


Simple atomic structure. : āϏāĻšāϜ āĻĒā§°āĻŽāĻžāϪ⧁ āĻ—āĻ āύāĨ¤


Properties / āϗ⧁āĻŖāϏāĻŽā§‚āĻš



  • Very light metal / āĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻĒā§‹āĻšā§° āϧāĻžāϤ⧁

  • Soft (can be cut) / āϕ⧋āĻŽāϞ (āĻ•āĻžāϟāĻŋāĻŦ āĻĒāĻžā§°āĻŋ)

  • Reacts with air & water / āĻŦāĻžāϝāĻŧ⧁ āφ⧰⧁ āĻĒāĻžāύ⧀⧰ āϏ⧈āϤ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•ā§ā§°āĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āϕ⧰⧇

  • Stored in oil / āϤ⧇āϞāϤ āϏāς⧰āĻ•ā§āώāĻŖ āϕ⧰āĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ


Uses / āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšāĻžā§°



  • Batteries / āĻŦ⧇āϟāĻžā§°ā§€ (āĻŽ’āĻŦāĻžāχāϞ, āϞ⧇āĻĒāϟāĻĒ)

  • Mobile phones / āĻŽā§‹āĻŦāĻžāχāϞ āĻĢā§‹āύāϤ āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšāĻžā§° āĻšāϝāĻŧ

  • Electric cars / āĻŦ⧈āĻĻā§āϝ⧁āϤāĻŋāĻ• āĻ—āĻžāĻĄāĻŧā§€āϤ āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšāĻžā§° āĻšāϝāĻŧ


Importance / āϗ⧁⧰⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦ



  • Main part of rechargeable batteries

  • Important for modern devices

  • Key material for electric vehicles


Why Stored in Oil ? / āĻ•āĻŋāϝāĻŧ āϤ⧇āϞāϤ ā§°āĻ–āĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ ?


Lithium reacts quickly with air and water. :āϞāĻŋāĻĨāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŽ āĻŦāĻžāϝāĻŧ⧁ āφ⧰⧁ āĻĒāĻžāύ⧀⧰ āϏ⧈āϤ⧇ āĻ¤ā§ŽāĻ•ā§āώāĻŖāĻžāϤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•ā§ā§°āĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āϕ⧰⧇āĨ¤
So it is kept in oil to protect it. : āϏ⧇āϝāĻŧ⧇ āχāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻ• āϤ⧇āϞāϤ ā§°āĻžāĻ–āĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤


Fact / āϤāĻĨā§āϝ : Lithium is used in rechargeable batteries. : āϞāĻŋāĻĨāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŽ āĻĒ⧁āύ⧰ āϚāĻžā§°ā§āϜ āϕ⧰āĻŋāĻŦ āĻĒā§°āĻž āĻŦ⧇āϟāĻžā§°ā§€āϤ āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšāĻžā§° āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤


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Lithium (Li) – PYQ MCQs


Q1. Lithium belongs to which group of the periodic table ? : āϞāĻŋāĻĨāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŽ āĻ†ā§ąā§°ā§āϤ āϏāĻžā§°āϪ⧀⧰ āϕ⧋āύāĻŸā§‹ āĻ—ā§‹āϟāϤ āĻĒ⧰⧇ ?
(a) Group 1 (b) Group 2 (c) Group 17 (d) Group 18


Ans: (a) Group 1
Explanation: Lithium is an alkali metal, placed in Group 1. : āϞāĻŋāĻĨāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŽ āĻāϟāĻž āĻ•ā§āώāĻžā§° āϧāĻžāϤ⧁, āϏ⧇āϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻ—ā§‹āϟ ā§§āϤ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇āĨ¤


Q2. Atomic number of lithium is: āϞāĻŋāĻĨāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŽā§° āĻĒāĻžā§°āĻŽāĻžāĻŖā§ąāĻŋāĻ• āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻž āĻ•āĻŋ ?
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5


Ans: (b) 3
Explanation: Atomic number = number of protons = 3. : āĻĒāĻžā§°āĻŽāĻžāĻŖā§ąāĻŋāĻ• āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻž = āĻĒā§ā§°ā§‹āϟāύ⧰ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻž = ā§ŠāĨ¤


Q3. Lithium is classified as: āϞāĻŋāĻĨāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŽāĻ• āϕ⧇āύ⧇āĻ•ā§ˆ āĻļā§ā§°ā§‡āĻŖā§€āĻŦāĻĻā§āϧ āϕ⧰āĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ ?
(a) Non-metal (b) Metalloid (c) Metal (d) Noble gas


Ans: (c) Metal
Explanation: Lithium is a metal. : āϞāĻŋāĻĨāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŽ āĻāϟāĻž āϧāĻžāϤ⧁āĨ¤


Q4. Number of electrons in lithium atom is: āϞāĻŋāĻĨāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŽ āĻĒā§°āĻŽāĻžāϪ⧁āϤ āĻ•āĻŋāĻŽāĻžāύ āχāϞ⧇āĻ•ā§āĻŸā§ā§°āύ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇ ?
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5


Ans: (b) 3
Explanation: Lithium has 3 electrons equal to its atomic number. : āχāϝāĻŧāĻžāϤ ā§ŠāϟāĻž āχāϞ⧇āĻ•ā§āĻŸā§ā§°āύ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇āĨ¤


Q5. Lithium is stored in oil because: āϞāĻŋāĻĨāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŽ āϤ⧇āϞāϤ ā§°āĻžāĻ–āĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ āĻ•āĻžā§°āĻŖ -
(a) It is heavy (b) It reacts with air (c) It is solid (d) It is hard


Ans: (b) It reacts with air
Explanation: Lithium reacts with air and water, so it is stored in oil. : āχ āĻŦāĻžāϝāĻŧ⧁ āφ⧰⧁ āĻĒāĻžāύ⧀⧰ āϏ⧈āϤ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•ā§ā§°āĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āϕ⧰⧇, āϏ⧇āϝāĻŧ⧇ āϤ⧇āϞāϤ ā§°āĻžāĻ–āĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤


Q6. Lithium is mainly used in: āϞāĻŋāĻĨāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŽ āĻŽā§āĻ–ā§āϝāϤ āĻ•’āϤ āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšāĻžā§° āĻšāϝāĻŧ ?
(a) Clothes (b) Batteries (c) Wood (d) Cement


Ans: (b) Batteries
Explanation: Lithium is widely used in batteries. : āĻŦ⧇āϟāĻžā§°ā§€āϤ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻĒāĻ• āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšāĻžā§° āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤


Q7. Lithium is: āϞāĻŋāĻĨāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŽ āĻšā§ˆāϛ⧇ -
(a) Hard metal (b) Soft metal (c) Gas (d) Liquid


Ans: (b) Soft metal
Explanation: Lithium is a soft metal that can be cut. : āχ āϕ⧋āĻŽāϞ āϧāĻžāϤ⧁āĨ¤


Q8. How many protons are present in lithium ? : āϞāĻŋāĻĨāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŽāϤ āĻ•āĻŋāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻĒā§ā§°ā§‹āϟāύ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇ ?
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5


Ans: (b) 3
Explanation: Protons = atomic number = 3. : āĻĒā§ā§°ā§‹āϟāύ = ā§ŠāĨ¤


Q9. Lithium is the ______ metal. : āϞāĻŋāĻĨāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŽ āĻšā§ˆāϛ⧇ ______ āϧāĻžāϤ⧁āĨ¤
(a) Heaviest (b) Lightest (c) Strongest (d) Hardest


Ans: (b) Lightest
Explanation: Lithium is the lightest metal. : āϞāĻŋāĻĨāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŽ āφāϟāĻžāχāϤāĻ•ā§ˆ āĻĒā§‹āĻšā§° āϧāĻžāϤ⧁āĨ¤


Q10. Lithium is used in electric cars because: āϞāĻŋāĻĨāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŽ āĻŦ⧈āĻĻā§āϝ⧁āϤāĻŋāĻ• āĻ—āĻžāĻĄāĻŧā§€āϤ āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšāĻžā§° āϕ⧰āĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ āĻ•āĻžā§°āĻŖ -
(a) It is heavy (b) It stores energy (c) It is weak (d) It is gas


Ans: (b) It stores energy


Explanation: Lithium batteries store electrical energy efficiently. : āϞāĻŋāĻĨāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŽ āĻŦ⧇āϟāĻžā§°ā§€āϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻļāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ āϏāĻžā§āϚāϝāĻŧ āϕ⧰⧇āĨ¤