Why Does Water Climb Up a Paper Towel ? : āĻĒāĻžāύ⧠āĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻžāĻāĻā§° āĻāĻžā§ąā§āϞ⧰ āĻāĻĒā§°āϞ⧠āĻāĻ ā§ ?
Capillary Action (āĻā§āĻĒāĻŋāϞāĻžā§°ā§ āĻāĻāĻāύ)
This process is called capillary action. āĻāĻ āĻĒā§ā§°āĻā§ā§°āĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻ capillary action āĻŦā§āϞ⧠āĻā§ā§ąāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
Structure of Paper Towel
Paper towel has tiny pores and spaces. : āĻāĻžāĻāĻā§° āĻāĻžā§ąā§āϞāϤ āϏ⧰⧠āϏ⧰⧠āĻāĻŋāĻĻā§ā§° āĻā§°ā§ āĻāĻžāϞ⧠āĻ āĻžāĻ āĻĨāĻžāĻā§āĨ¤
Adhesion (āĻāĻā§°ā§āώāĻŖ – āĻĒāĻžāύ⧠+ āĻāĻžāĻāĻ)
Water sticks to paper fibers → Adhesion : āĻĒāĻžāύ⧠āĻāĻžāĻāĻā§° āϤāύā§āϤā§ā§° āϞāĻāϤ āϞā§āĻāĻŋ āĻĨāĻžāĻā§ → Adhesion
Cohesion (āĻāĻā§°ā§āώāĻŖ – āĻĒāĻžāύ⧠+ āĻĒāĻžāύā§)
Water sticks to other water molecules → Cohesion : āĻĒāĻžāύ⧠āĻāĻā§ āĻĒāĻžāύā§ā§° āĻ āĻŖā§ā§° āϞāĻāϤ āϞā§āĻāĻŋ āĻĨāĻžāĻā§ → Cohesion
Upward Movement
These forces pull water upward through pores (against gravity). : āĻāĻ āĻļāĻā§āϤāĻŋāĻŦā§ā§°ā§ āĻĒāĻžāύā§āĻ āĻāĻŋāĻĻā§ā§°ā§° āĻŽāĻžāĻā§ā§°ā§ āĻāĻĒā§°āϞ⧠āĻāĻžāύāĻŋ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ (āĻā§ā§°ā§āϤā§āĻŦāĻžāĻāϰā§āώāĻŖā§° āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒā§°ā§āϤā§)āĨ¤
Key Point : Water rises due to capillary action (adhesion + cohesion) : āĻĒāĻžāύ⧠capillary action (adhesion + cohesion) ā§° āĻŦāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻāĻĒā§°āϞ⧠āĻāĻ ā§
=================================================================
MCQs
Q1. Water rises in a paper towel due to: āĻĒāĻžāύ⧠āĻāĻžāĻāĻā§° āĻāĻžā§ąā§āϞāϤ āĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻ ā§ ?
(a) Gravity | (b) Capillary action | (c) Heat | (d) Pressure
Ans: (b) Capillary action
Explanation: Water moves upward due to capillary action. āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻž: āĻĒāĻžāύ⧠capillary action ā§° āĻŦāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻāĻĒā§°āϞ⧠āĻāĻ ā§āĨ¤
Q2. Capillary action occurs due to: Capillary action āĻāĻŋāĻšā§° āĻŦāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻšāϝāĻŧ ?
(a) Only adhesion | (b) Only cohesion | (c) Both adhesion and cohesion | (d) Gravity
Ans: (c) Both adhesion and cohesion
Explanation: Both forces work together. āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻž: āĻĻā§āϝāĻŧā§āĻāĻž āĻļāĻā§āϤāĻŋ āĻāĻā§āϞāĻā§ āĻāĻžāĻŽ āĻā§°ā§āĨ¤
Q3. Adhesion is the force between: Adhesion āĻāĻŋāĻšā§° āĻŽāĻžāĻā§° āĻļāĻā§āϤāĻŋ ?
(a) Water–water | (b) Water–paper | (c) Air–water | (d) Paper–air
Ans: (b) Water–paper
Explanation: Adhesion is attraction between different substances. āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻž: Adhesion āĻŽāĻžāύ⧠āĻāĻŋāύā§āύ āĻĒāĻĻāĻžā§°ā§āĻĨā§° āĻŽāĻžāĻāϤ āĻāĻāϰā§āώāĻŖāĨ¤
Q4. Cohesion is the force between: Cohesion āĻāĻŋāĻšā§° āĻŽāĻžāĻā§° āĻļāĻā§āϤāĻŋ ?
(a) Water–paper | (b) Water–water | (c) Air–paper | (d) Heat–water
Ans: (b) Water–water
Explanation: Cohesion is attraction between same molecules. āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻž: Cohesion āĻŽāĻžāύ⧠āĻāĻā§ āϧ⧰āĻŖā§° āĻ
āĻŖā§ā§° āĻŽāĻžāĻāϤ āĻāĻāϰā§āώāĻŖāĨ¤
Q5. Paper towel helps in capillary action because it has: Paper towel āϤ capillary action āĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ āĻšāϝāĻŧ ?
(a) Large holes | (b) Tiny pores | (c) Smooth surface | (d) Heat
Ans: (b) Tiny pores
Explanation: Small pores help water rise. āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻž: āϏ⧰⧠āĻāĻŋāĻĻā§ā§°āĻ āĻĒāĻžāύā§āĻ āĻāĻĒā§°āϞ⧠āĻāĻ āĻŋāĻŦāϞ⧠āϏāĻšāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻā§°ā§āĨ¤
Q6. Capillary action allows water to move: Capillary action āĻ āĻĒāĻžāύā§āĻ āĻ’āϤ āϞ⧠āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ ?
(a) Downward only | (b) Upward against gravity | (c) Sideways only | (d) Nowhere
Ans: (b) Upward against gravity
Explanation: It works against gravity. āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻž: āĻ āĻā§ā§°ā§āϤā§āĻŦāĻžāĻāϰā§āώāĻŖā§° āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒā§°ā§āϤ⧠āĻāĻžāĻŽ āĻā§°ā§āĨ¤
Q7. Which of the following shows capillary action ? āϤāϞ⧰ āĻā§āύāĻā§ capillary action ā§° āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšā§°āĻŖ ?
(a) Water boiling | (b) Ice melting | (c) Water rising in paper towel | (d) Evaporation
Ans: (c) Water rising in paper towel
Explanation: It is a direct example. āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻž: āĻāĻāĻā§ capillary action ā§° āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšā§°āĻŖāĨ¤
Q8. Water molecules stick to paper due to: āĻĒāĻžāύ⧠āĻāĻžāĻāĻāϤ āĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ āϞā§āĻāĻŋ āĻĨāĻžāĻā§ ?
(a) Cohesion | (b) Adhesion | (c) Gravity | (d) Pressure
Ans: (b) Adhesion
Explanation: Adhesion causes sticking to paper. āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻž: Adhesion ā§° āĻŦāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻĒāĻžāύ⧠āĻāĻžāĻāĻāϤ āϞā§āĻāĻŋ āĻĨāĻžāĻā§āĨ¤
Q9. Water molecules stick to each other due to: āĻĒāĻžāύ⧠āĻāĻā§ āĻāύ⧰ āϞāĻāϤ āĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ āϞā§āĻāĻŋ āĻĨāĻžāĻā§ ?
(a) Adhesion | (b) Cohesion | (c) Heat | (d) Air
Ans: (b) Cohesion
Explanation: Cohesion is attraction between water molecules. āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻž: Cohesion āĻŽāĻžāύ⧠āĻĒāĻžāύā§ā§° āĻŽāĻžāĻāϤ āĻāĻāϰā§āώāĻŖāĨ¤
Q10. Capillary action is important for: Capillary action āĻāĻŋāĻšā§° āĻŦāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻā§ā§°ā§āϤā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ ?
(a) Only machines | (b) Only heat | (c) Water movement in plants | (d) Sound
Ans: (c) Water movement in plants
Explanation: It helps water move in plants. āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻž: āĻāĻāϤ āĻĒāĻžāύ⧠āĻāĻ āĻŋāĻŦāϞ⧠āϏāĻšāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻā§°ā§āĨ¤
Tip: Formula: Capillary Action = Adhesion + Cohesion