Why Does Water Climb Up a Paper Towel ? : āĻĒāĻžāύ⧀ āĻ•āĻŋāϝāĻŧ āĻ•āĻžāĻ—āϜ⧰ āϟāĻžā§ąā§‡āϞ⧰ āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϞ⧈ āωāϠ⧇ ?


Capillary Action (āϕ⧇āĻĒāĻŋāϞāĻžā§°ā§€ āĻāĻ•āϚāύ)


This process is called capillary action. āĻāχ āĻĒā§ā§°āĻ•ā§ā§°āĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻ• capillary action āĻŦ⧁āϞ⧇ āĻ•ā§‹ā§ąāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤


Structure of Paper Towel


Paper towel has tiny pores and spaces. : āĻ•āĻžāĻ—āϜ⧰ āϟāĻžā§ąā§‡āϞāϤ āϏ⧰⧁ āϏ⧰⧁ āĻ›āĻŋāĻĻā§ā§° āφ⧰⧁ āĻ–āĻžāϞ⧀ āĻ āĻžāχ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇āĨ¤


Adhesion (āφāĻ•ā§°ā§āώāĻŖ – āĻĒāĻžāύ⧀ + āĻ•āĻžāĻ—āϜ)


Water sticks to paper fibers → Adhesion : āĻĒāĻžāύ⧀ āĻ•āĻžāĻ—āϜ⧰ āϤāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁⧰ āϞāĻ—āϤ āϞ⧇āĻ—āĻŋ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇ → Adhesion


Cohesion (āφāĻ•ā§°ā§āώāĻŖ – āĻĒāĻžāύ⧀ + āĻĒāĻžāύ⧀)


Water sticks to other water molecules → Cohesion : āĻĒāĻžāύ⧀ āĻāϕ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāύ⧀⧰ āĻ…āϪ⧁⧰ āϞāĻ—āϤ āϞ⧇āĻ—āĻŋ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇ → Cohesion


Upward Movement


These forces pull water upward through pores (against gravity). : āĻāχ āĻļāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋāĻŦ⧋⧰⧇ āĻĒāĻžāύ⧀āĻ• āĻ›āĻŋāĻĻā§ā§°ā§° āĻŽāĻžāĻœā§‡ā§°ā§‡ āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϞ⧈ āϟāĻžāύāĻŋ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ (āϗ⧁⧰⧂āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ•āĻ°ā§āώāĻŖā§° āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒā§°ā§€āϤ⧇)āĨ¤


Key Point : Water rises due to capillary action (adhesion + cohesion) : āĻĒāĻžāύ⧀ capillary action (adhesion + cohesion) ā§° āĻŦāĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϞ⧈ āωāϠ⧇


=================================================================


MCQs 


Q1. Water rises in a paper towel due to: āĻĒāĻžāύ⧀ āĻ•āĻžāĻ—āϜ⧰ āϟāĻžā§ąā§‡āϞāϤ āĻ•āĻŋāϝāĻŧ āωāϠ⧇ ?


(a) Gravity | (b) Capillary action | (c) Heat | (d) Pressure
Ans: (b) Capillary action


Explanation: Water moves upward due to capillary action. āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ–ā§āϝāĻž: āĻĒāĻžāύ⧀ capillary action ā§° āĻŦāĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϞ⧈ āωāϠ⧇āĨ¤


Q2. Capillary action occurs due to: Capillary action āĻ•āĻŋāĻšā§° āĻŦāĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻšāϝāĻŧ ?


(a) Only adhesion | (b) Only cohesion | (c) Both adhesion and cohesion | (d) Gravity
Ans: (c) Both adhesion and cohesion
Explanation: Both forces work together. āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ–ā§āϝāĻž: āĻĻ⧁āϝāĻŧā§‹āϟāĻž āĻļāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ āĻāϕ⧇āϞāϗ⧇ āĻ•āĻžāĻŽ āϕ⧰⧇āĨ¤


Q3. Adhesion is the force between: Adhesion āĻ•āĻŋāĻšā§° āĻŽāĻžāϜ⧰ āĻļāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ ?


(a) Water–water | (b) Water–paper | (c) Air–water | (d) Paper–air
Ans: (b) Water–paper
Explanation: Adhesion is attraction between different substances. āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ–ā§āϝāĻž: Adhesion āĻŽāĻžāύ⧇ āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āύ āĻĒāĻĻāĻžā§°ā§āĻĨā§° āĻŽāĻžāϜāϤ āφāĻ•āĻ°ā§āώāĻŖāĨ¤


Q4. Cohesion is the force between: Cohesion āĻ•āĻŋāĻšā§° āĻŽāĻžāϜ⧰ āĻļāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ ?


(a) Water–paper | (b) Water–water | (c) Air–paper | (d) Heat–water
Ans: (b) Water–water
Explanation: Cohesion is attraction between same molecules. āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ–ā§āϝāĻž: Cohesion āĻŽāĻžāύ⧇ āĻāϕ⧇ āϧ⧰āĻŖā§° āĻ…āϪ⧁⧰ āĻŽāĻžāϜāϤ āφāĻ•āĻ°ā§āώāĻŖāĨ¤


Q5. Paper towel helps in capillary action because it has: Paper towel āϤ capillary action āĻ•āĻŋāϝāĻŧ āĻšāϝāĻŧ ?


(a) Large holes | (b) Tiny pores | (c) Smooth surface | (d) Heat
Ans: (b) Tiny pores
Explanation: Small pores help water rise. āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ–ā§āϝāĻž: āϏ⧰⧁ āĻ›āĻŋāĻĻā§ā§°āχ āĻĒāĻžāύ⧀āĻ• āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϞ⧈ āωāĻ āĻŋāĻŦāϞ⧈ āϏāĻšāĻžāϝāĻŧ āϕ⧰⧇āĨ¤


Q6. Capillary action allows water to move: Capillary action āĻ āĻĒāĻžāύ⧀āĻ• āĻ•’āϤ āϞ⧈ āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ ?


(a) Downward only | (b) Upward against gravity | (c) Sideways only | (d) Nowhere
Ans: (b) Upward against gravity
Explanation: It works against gravity. āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ–ā§āϝāĻž: āχ āϗ⧁⧰⧂āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ•āĻ°ā§āώāĻŖā§° āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒā§°ā§€āϤ⧇ āĻ•āĻžāĻŽ āϕ⧰⧇āĨ¤


Q7. Which of the following shows capillary action ? āϤāϞ⧰ āϕ⧋āύāĻŸā§‹ capillary action ā§° āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšā§°āĻŖ ?


(a) Water boiling | (b) Ice melting | (c) Water rising in paper towel | (d) Evaporation
Ans: (c) Water rising in paper towel
Explanation: It is a direct example. āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ–ā§āϝāĻž: āĻāχāĻŸā§‹ capillary action ā§° āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšā§°āĻŖāĨ¤


Q8. Water molecules stick to paper due to: āĻĒāĻžāύ⧀ āĻ•āĻžāĻ—āϜāϤ āĻ•āĻŋāϝāĻŧ āϞ⧇āĻ—āĻŋ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇ ?


(a) Cohesion | (b) Adhesion | (c) Gravity | (d) Pressure
Ans: (b) Adhesion
Explanation: Adhesion causes sticking to paper. āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ–ā§āϝāĻž: Adhesion ā§° āĻŦāĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāύ⧀ āĻ•āĻžāĻ—āϜāϤ āϞ⧇āĻ—āĻŋ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇āĨ¤


Q9. Water molecules stick to each other due to: āĻĒāĻžāύ⧀ āĻāϕ⧇ āφāύ⧰ āϞāĻ—āϤ āĻ•āĻŋāϝāĻŧ āϞ⧇āĻ—āĻŋ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇ ?


(a) Adhesion | (b) Cohesion | (c) Heat | (d) Air
Ans: (b) Cohesion
Explanation: Cohesion is attraction between water molecules. āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ–ā§āϝāĻž: Cohesion āĻŽāĻžāύ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāύ⧀⧰ āĻŽāĻžāϜāϤ āφāĻ•āĻ°ā§āώāĻŖāĨ¤


Q10. Capillary action is important for: Capillary action āĻ•āĻŋāĻšā§° āĻŦāĻžāĻŦ⧇ āϗ⧁⧰⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ ?


(a) Only machines | (b) Only heat | (c) Water movement in plants | (d) Sound
Ans: (c) Water movement in plants
Explanation: It helps water move in plants. āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ–ā§āϝāĻž: āĻ—āĻ›āϤ āĻĒāĻžāύ⧀ āωāĻ āĻŋāĻŦāϞ⧈ āϏāĻšāĻžāϝāĻŧ āϕ⧰⧇āĨ¤


Tip: Formula: Capillary Action = Adhesion + Cohesion