Factors Affecting Friction : āĻ˜ā§°ā§āώāĻŖāĻ• āĻĒā§ā§°āĻ­āĻžā§ąāĻŋāϤ āϕ⧰āĻž āĻ•āĻžā§°āĻ•





  • Types of Friction (āĻ˜ā§°ā§āώāĻŖā§° āĻĒā§ā§°āĻ•āĻžā§°) : View Paper  

  • Friction (āĻ˜ā§°ā§āώāĻŖ) : View Paper




1. Surface Roughness (āĻĒ⧃āĻˇā§āĻ ā§° ⧰⧁āĻ•ā§āώāϤāĻž)



  • Rough surface → More friction : ā§°ā§āĻ•ā§āώ āĻĒ⧃āĻˇā§āĻ  → āĻŦ⧇āĻ›āĻŋ āĻ˜ā§°ā§āώāĻŖ

  • Smooth surface → Less friction : āĻŽāϏ⧃āĻŖ āĻĒ⧃āĻˇā§āĻ  → āĻ•āĻŽ āĻ˜ā§°ā§āώāĻŖ

  • Due to interlocking of irregularities : āĻ…āϏāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļāĻŦ⧋⧰⧇ āĻāϕ⧇āϞāϗ⧇ āϞāĻžāĻ—āĻŋ āĻ˜ā§°ā§āώāĻŖ āĻŦāĻĸāĻŧāĻžāϝāĻŧ


2. Normal Force / Weight (āĻŦāϞ āĻŦāĻž āĻ“āϜāύ)



  • More weight → More friction : āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ• āĻ“āϜāύ → āĻŦ⧇āĻ›āĻŋ āĻ˜ā§°ā§āώāĻŖ

  • Less weight → Less friction : āĻ•āĻŽ āĻ“āϜāύ → āĻ•āĻŽ āĻ˜ā§°ā§āώāĻŖ

  • Heavier objects press surfaces more : āĻ­āĻžā§°ā§€ āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁āϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻĒ⧃āĻˇā§āĻ āϤ āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ• āϚāĻžāĻĒ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇


Key Point (āϗ⧁⧰⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž)


Friction depends on : āĻ˜ā§°ā§āώāĻŖ āύāĻŋā§°ā§āĻ­ā§° āϕ⧰⧇:



  • Nature of surface : āĻĒ⧃āĻˇā§āĻ ā§° āϧ⧰āĻŖ

  • Normal force (weight) : āĻ“āϜāύ āĻŦāĻž āϚāĻžāĻĒ


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MCQs


Q1. Friction is more on: āĻ•’āϤ āĻ˜ā§°ā§āώāĻŖ āĻŦ⧇āĻ›āĻŋ āĻšāϝāĻŧ ?
(a) Smooth surface (b) Rough surface (c) Oily surface (d) Wet surface


Ans: (b) Rough surface
Explanation: Rough surfaces have more irregularities → more friction. āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ–ā§āϝāĻž: ⧰⧁āĻ•ā§āώ āĻĒ⧃āĻˇā§āĻ āϤ āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ• āĻ…āϏāĻŽāĻžāύāϤāĻž āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇, āϏ⧇āϝāĻŧ⧇āĻšā§‡ āĻ˜ā§°ā§āώāĻŖ āĻŦ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤


Q2. Friction decreases when surface is: āĻĒ⧃āĻˇā§āĻ  āϕ⧇āϤāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻ˜ā§°ā§āώāĻŖ āĻ•āĻŽ āĻšāϝāĻŧ ?
(a) Rough (b) Smooth (c) Heavy (d) Hard


Ans: (b) Smooth
Explanation: Smooth surfaces reduce resistance. āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ–ā§āϝāĻž : āĻŽāϏ⧃āĻŖ āĻĒ⧃āĻˇā§āϠ⧇ āĻ˜ā§°ā§āώāĻŖ āĻ•āĻŽ āϕ⧰⧇āĨ¤


Q3. Friction increases with: āĻ˜ā§°ā§āώāĻŖ āϕ⧇āϤāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻĸāĻŧ⧇ ?
(a) Less weight (b) More weight (c) Smooth surface (d) Oil


Ans: (b) More weight
Explanation: More weight increases normal force → more friction. āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ–ā§āϝāĻž: āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ• āĻ“āϜāύ⧇ āϚāĻžāĻĒ āĻŦāĻĸāĻŧāĻžāϝāĻŧ, āϏ⧇āϝāĻŧ⧇āĻšā§‡ āĻ˜ā§°ā§āώāĻŖ āĻŦāĻžāĻĸāĻŧ⧇āĨ¤


Q4. Which factor affects friction ? āϕ⧋āύāĻŸā§‹ āĻ•āĻžā§°āϕ⧇ āĻ˜ā§°ā§āώāĻŖ āĻĒā§ā§°āĻ­āĻžā§ąāĻŋāϤ āϕ⧰⧇ ?
(a) Color (b) Shape (c) Surface nature (d) Smell


Ans: (c) Surface nature


Explanation: Surface type (rough/smooth) directly affects friction. āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ–ā§āϝāĻž: āĻĒ⧃āĻˇā§āĻ ā§° āϧ⧰āϪ⧇ āĻ˜ā§°ā§āώāĻŖ āύāĻŋā§°ā§āϧāĻžā§°āĻŖ āϕ⧰⧇āĨ¤


Q5. A heavy box has: āĻāϟāĻž āĻ­āĻžā§°ā§€ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•āϚ⧰ -
(a) Less friction (b) More friction (c) No friction (d) Equal friction


Ans: (b) More friction


Explanation: Heavier object → more force → more friction. āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ–ā§āϝāĻž: āĻ­āĻžā§°ā§€ āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁āϤ āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ• āĻ˜ā§°ā§āώāĻŖ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤


Short Answer (2–3 Marks)


Friction depends mainly on the nature of surfaces and the normal force. Rough surfaces produce more friction than smooth surfaces. Also, heavier objects create more friction due to greater force.


āĻ˜ā§°ā§āώāĻŖ āĻŽā§‚āϞāϤ āĻĒ⧃āĻˇā§āĻ ā§° āϧ⧰āĻŖ āφ⧰⧁ āĻ“āϜāύ⧰ āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϤ āύāĻŋā§°ā§āĻ­ā§° āϕ⧰⧇āĨ¤ ⧰⧁āĻ•ā§āώ āĻĒ⧃āĻˇā§āĻ āϤ āĻŦ⧇āĻ›āĻŋ āĻ˜ā§°ā§āώāĻŖ āĻšāϝāĻŧ āφ⧰⧁ āĻŽāϏ⧃āĻŖ āĻĒ⧃āĻˇā§āĻ āϤ āĻ•āĻŽāĨ¤ āϞāĻ—āϤ⧇ āĻ­āĻžā§°ā§€ āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁āϤ āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ• āϚāĻžāĻĒā§° āĻŦāĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻ˜ā§°ā§āώāĻŖ āĻŦāĻžāĻĸāĻŧ⧇āĨ¤


Exam Trick:



  • Rough surface ↑ Friction → High : ⧰⧁āĻ•ā§āώ āĻĒ⧃āĻˇā§āĻ  ↑ āĻ˜ā§°ā§āώāĻŖ → āĻŦ⧇āĻ›āĻŋ

  • Smooth surface ↓ Friction → Less : āĻŽāϏ⧃āĻŖ āĻĒ⧃āĻˇā§āĻ  ↓ āĻ˜ā§°ā§āώāĻŖ → āĻ•āĻŽ

  • Weight ↑ Friction → High : āĻ“āϜāύ ↑ āĻ˜ā§°ā§āώāĻŖ → āĻŦ⧇āĻ›āĻŋ


Quick Revision:
Rough = More friction (⧰⧁āĻ•ā§āώ = āĻŦ⧇āĻ›āĻŋ āĻ˜ā§°ā§āώāĻŖ)
Smooth = Less friction (āĻŽāϏ⧃āĻŖ = āĻ•āĻŽ āĻ˜ā§°ā§āώāĻŖ)
Heavy = More friction (āĻ­āĻžā§°ā§€ = āĻŦ⧇āĻ›āĻŋ āĻ˜ā§°ā§āώāĻŖ)