What is a Computer ? (Detailed for Learners) :: āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžā§° āĻ•āĻŋ ? (āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧃āϤ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ–ā§āϝāĻž) Basic Definition (āĻŽā§ŒāϞāĻŋāĻ• āϏāĻ‚āĻœā§āĻžāĻž)


What is a Computer ? (Detailed for Learners) :: āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžā§° āĻ•āĻŋ ? (āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧃āϤ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ–ā§āϝāĻž)


Basic Definition (āĻŽā§ŒāϞāĻŋāĻ• āϏāĻ‚āĻœā§āĻžāĻž)


A computer is an electronic machine that takes input (data), processes it according to instructions, and gives output (result).


āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžā§° āĻāϟāĻž āχāϞ⧇āĻ•ā§āĻŸā§ā§°āύāĻŋāĻ• āϝāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ā§°, āϝāĻŋ data (input) āĻ—ā§ā§°āĻšāĻŖ āϕ⧰⧇, āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļāύāĻž āĻ…āύ⧁āϏ⧰āĻŋ process āϕ⧰⧇ āφ⧰⧁ āĻĢāϞāĻžāĻĢāϞ (output) āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇āĨ¤


How Computer Works ? (Computer āϕ⧇āύ⧇āĻ•ā§ˆ āĻ•āĻžāĻŽ āϕ⧰⧇ ?)


A computer works in 4 main steps:



  1. Input (āχāύāĻĒ⧁āϟ) : Input means giving data to the computer using devices like keyboard, mouse, scanner.Ex: Typing text, clicking mouse : Input āĻŽāĻžāύ⧇ āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžā§°āĻ• āϤāĻĨā§āϝ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĨ¤ Keyboard, mouse āφāĻĻāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšāĻžā§° āϕ⧰āĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšā§°āĻŖ: āϟāĻžāχāĻĒ āϕ⧰āĻž, mouse āĻ•ā§āϞāĻŋāĻ• āϕ⧰āĻž

  2. Processing (āĻĒā§ā§°āĻ•ā§ā§°āĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϕ⧰āĻŖ) : The computer processes data using CPU (brain of computer). It follows instructions stored in memory. : CPU (āĻŽāĻ—āϜ⧁) data āĻĒā§ā§°āĻ•ā§ā§°āĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϕ⧰āĻŖ āϕ⧰⧇ āφ⧰⧁ memoryāϤ āĻĨāĻ•āĻž āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļāύāĻž āĻ…āύ⧁āϏ⧰āĻŋ āĻ•āĻžāĻŽ āϕ⧰⧇āĨ¤

  3. Output (āφāωāϟāĻĒ⧁āϟ) : After processing, the computer shows the result through monitor, printer, speaker. āĻĒā§ā§°āĻ•ā§ā§°āĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžā§° āĻĒāĻžāĻ›āϤ monitor, printer āφāĻĻāĻŋ⧰⧇ āĻĢāϞāĻžāĻĢāϞ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–ā§ā§ąāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤

  4. Storage (āϏāς⧰āĻ•ā§āώāĻŖ) : Computer stores data and results for future use (hard disk, SSD, pen drive). āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžā§°ā§‡ data āφ⧰⧁ āĻĢāϞāĻžāĻĢāϞ āĻ­ā§ąāĻŋāĻˇā§āϝāϤ⧰ āĻŦāĻžāĻŦ⧇ āϏāς⧰āĻ•ā§āώāĻŖ āϕ⧰⧇āĨ¤


Simple Flow (āϏāĻšāϜ āĻĒā§ā§°āĻŦāĻžāĻš) : Input → Process → Output → Storage : āχāύāĻĒ⧁āϟ → āĻĒā§ā§°āĻ•ā§ā§°āĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϕ⧰āĻŖ → āφāωāϟāĻĒ⧁āϟ → āϏāς⧰āĻ•ā§āώāĻŖ


Important Features of Computer (āϗ⧁⧰⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚ā§°ā§āĻŖ āĻŦ⧈āĻļāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āϝ)



  • Speed (āĻ—āϤāĻŋāĻļā§€āϞāϤāĻž) : Works very fast (millions of calculations per second) : āĻ…āĻ¤ā§āϝāĻ¨ā§āϤ āĻĻā§ā§°ā§āϤ āĻ•āĻžāĻŽ āϕ⧰⧇

  • Accuracy (āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ•āϤāĻž) : Gives correct results if input is correct : āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ• input āĻĻāĻŋāϞ⧇ āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻĢāϞāĻžāĻĢāϞ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇

  • Storage (āϏāς⧰āĻ•ā§āώāĻŖ āĻ•ā§āώāĻŽāϤāĻž) : Can store large amount of data : āĻŦāĻšā§ data āϏāς⧰āĻ•ā§āώāĻŖ āϕ⧰āĻŋāĻŦ āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§‡

  • Automation (āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāϝāĻŧāĻ‚āĻ•ā§ā§°āĻŋāϝāĻŧāϤāĻž) : Works automatically once instructions are given : āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļāύāĻž āĻĻāĻŋāϞ⧇ āύāĻŋāĻœā§‡ āύāĻŋāĻœā§‡ āĻ•āĻžāĻŽ āϕ⧰⧇

  • Versatility (āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŽā§āĻ–ā§€āϤāĻž) : Can do many types of work (study, games, office, design) : āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāĻŋāϧ āĻ•āĻžāĻŽ āϕ⧰āĻŋāĻŦ āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§‡


Parts of Computer System (āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžā§°ā§° āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļāϏāĻŽā§‚āĻš)



  1. Hardware (āĻšāĻžā§°ā§āĻĄā§ąā§‡ā§°) : Physical parts (keyboard, mouse, monitor, CPU). āϝāĻŋ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļ āϚ⧁āĻŦ āĻĒāĻžā§°āĻŋ

  2. Software (āϚāĻĢā§āĻŸā§ąā§‡ā§°) : Programs that tell computer what to do : āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžā§°āĻ• āĻ•āĻžāĻŽ āϕ⧰āĻŋāĻŦāϞ⧈ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇

  3. User (āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšāĻžā§°āĻ•āĻžā§°ā§€) : Person who uses the computer : āϝāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžā§° āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšāĻžā§° āϕ⧰⧇


Uses of Computer (āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšāĻžā§°)


• Education : āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻž
• Banking : āĻŦ⧇āĻ‚āĻ•āĻŋāĻ‚
• Communication : āϝ⧋āĻ—āĻžāϝ⧋āĻ—
• Entertainment : āĻŦāĻŋāύ⧋āĻĻāύ
• Office work : āĻ•āĻžā§°ā§āϝāĻžāϞāϝāĻŧ āĻ•āĻžāĻŽ


Easy Example (āϏāĻšāϜ āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšā§°āĻŖ)


You type numbers → Computer calculates → Shows answer (āφāĻĒ⧁āύāĻŋ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻž āϟāĻžāχāĻĒ āϕ⧰⧇ → āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžā§°ā§‡ āĻ—āĻŖāύāĻž āϕ⧰⧇ → āĻĢāϞāĻžāĻĢāϞ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–ā§ā§ąāĻžāϝāĻŧ)


Definition : A computer is an electronic device that accepts input, processes data, and produces output. (āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžā§° āĻāϟāĻž āχāϞ⧇āĻ•ā§āĻŸā§ā§°āύāĻŋāĻ• āϝāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ā§°, āϝāĻŋ input āϞ⧈ process āϕ⧰āĻŋ output āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇āĨ¤)


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MCQs – What is a Computer?


1) A computer is an ______ machine. āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžā§° āĻāϟāĻž ______ āϝāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ā§°āĨ¤


A) Mechanical (āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ā§°āĻŋāĻ•) | B) Electronic (āχāϞ⧇āĻ•ā§āĻŸā§ā§°āύāĻŋāĻ•) | C) Manual | D) Natural


Ans: B) Electronic


Explanation: Computer is an electronic device.: āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžā§° āĻāϟāĻž āχāϞ⧇āĻ•ā§āĻŸā§ā§°āύāĻŋāĻ• āϝāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ā§°āĨ¤


2) Computer accepts ______. āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžā§°ā§‡ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ—ā§ā§°āĻšāĻŖ āϕ⧰⧇ ?


A) Output | B) Data (Input) | C) Result | D) Program only


Ans: B) Data (Input)
Explanation: Computer takes input data. : āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžā§°ā§‡ input data āĻ—ā§ā§°āĻšāĻŖ āϕ⧰⧇āĨ¤


3) The brain of computer is – āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžā§°ā§° āĻŽāĻ—āϜ⧁ āϕ⧋āύāĻŸā§‹ ?


A) RAM | B) Hard Disk | C) CPU | D) Monitor


Ans: C) CPU
Explanation: CPU controls processing. : CPU āĻĒā§ā§°āĻ•ā§ā§°āĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϕ⧰āĻŖ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ā§°āĻŖ āϕ⧰⧇āĨ¤


4) Which step converts input into information ? āϕ⧋āύ āϧāĻžāĻĒ⧇ inputāĻ• āϤāĻĨā§āϝāϞ⧈ ā§°ā§‚āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧰ āϕ⧰⧇ ?


A) Input | B) Output | C) Processing | D) Storage


Ans: C) Processing
Explanation: Processing converts data into information.: Processing dataāĻ• āϤāĻĨā§āϝāϞ⧈ ā§°ā§‚āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧰ āϕ⧰⧇āĨ¤


5) Which device shows output ? Output āĻĻ⧇āĻ–ā§ā§ąāĻžāĻŦāϞ⧈ āϕ⧋āύ device āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšāĻžā§° āĻšāϝāĻŧ ?


A) Keyboard | B) Mouse | C) Monitor | D) Scanner


Ans: C) Monitor
Explanation: Monitor displays result. : Monitor āĻĢāϞāĻžāĻĢāϞ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–ā§ā§ąāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤


6) Storage is used to – Storage āĻ•āĻŋāĻšā§° āĻŦāĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšāĻžā§° āĻšāϝāĻŧ ?


A) Show output | B) Input data | C) Save data | D) Process data


Ans: C) Save data
Explanation: Storage keeps data for future use. : Storage data āϏāς⧰āĻ•ā§āώāĻŖ āϕ⧰⧇āĨ¤


7) Which is NOT a feature of computer ? āϤāϞ⧰ āϕ⧋āύāĻŸā§‹ āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžā§°ā§° āĻŦ⧈āĻļāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āϝ āύāĻšāϝāĻŧ ?


A) Speed | B) Accuracy | C) Cooking | D) Storage


Ans: C) Cooking
Explanation: Computer cannot cook. : āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžā§°ā§‡ ā§°āĻžāĻ¨ā§āϧāĻŋāĻŦ āĻ¨ā§‹ā§ąāĻžā§°ā§‡āĨ¤


8) Instructions are stored in – āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļāύāĻž āĻ•’āϤ āϏāς⧰āĻ•ā§āώāĻŖ āĻšāϝāĻŧ ?


A) Monitor | B) Memory | C) Printer | D) Mouse


Ans: B) Memory
Explanation: Instructions are stored in memory. : āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļāύāĻž memoryāϤ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇āĨ¤


9) Which is an example of input device ? Input deviceā§° āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšā§°āĻŖ āϕ⧋āύāĻŸā§‹ ?


A) Monitor | B) Printer | C) Keyboard | D) Speaker


Ans: C) Keyboard
Explanation: Keyboard is input device. : Keyboard input deviceāĨ¤


10) Which is an output device ? Output device āϕ⧋āύāĻŸā§‹ ?


A) Mouse | B) Scanner | C) Monitor | D) Keyboard


Ans: C) Monitor
Explanation: Monitor gives output. : Monitor output āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇āĨ¤


11) Which part includes physical components ? Physical āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļāĻŦā§‹ā§° āϕ⧋āύāĻŸā§‹āϤ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§°ā§āϭ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ ?


A) Software | B) Hardware | C) User | D) Data


Ans: B) Hardware
Explanation: Hardware means physical parts.: Hardware āĻŽāĻžāύ⧇ āϚ⧁āĻŦ āĻĒā§°āĻž āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļāĨ¤


12) Software is – Software āĻ•āĻŋ ?


A) Physical part | B) Program | C) Device | D) Machine


Ans: B) Program
Explanation: Software gives instructions. : Software āĻšā§ˆāϛ⧇ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļāύāĻžāĨ¤


13) Who uses the computer ? āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžā§° āϕ⧋āύ⧇ āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšāĻžā§° āϕ⧰⧇ ?


A) Hardware | B) Software | C) User | D) CPU


Ans: C) User
Explanation: User operates computer. : āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšāĻžā§°āĻ•āĻžā§°ā§€āϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžā§° āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšāĻžā§° āϕ⧰⧇āĨ¤


14) Correct sequence of computer working is – āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžā§°ā§° āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ• āϧāĻžāĻĒ āϕ⧋āύāĻŸā§‹ ?


A) Output → Input → Process    B) Input → Process → Output


C) Process → Input → Output  D) Input → Output → Process


Ans: B) Input → Process → Output
Explanation: This is basic flow. : āĻāχāĻŸā§‹ āĻŽā§‚āϞ āĻĒā§ā§°āĻ•ā§ā§°āĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĨ¤


15) Which feature allows computer to do many tasks ? āĻŦāĻšā§ āĻ•āĻžāĻŽ āϕ⧰āĻŋāĻŦāϞ⧈ āϕ⧋āύ āĻŦ⧈āĻļāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āϝ āϏāĻšāĻžāϝāĻŧ āϕ⧰⧇ ?


A) Speed | B) Storage | C) Versatility | D) Accuracy


Ans: C) Versatility
Explanation: Versatility means multi-tasking. : Versatility āĻŽāĻžāύ⧇ āĻŦāĻšā§ āĻ•āĻžāĻŽ āϕ⧰āĻŋāĻŦ āĻĒā§°āĻžāĨ¤