Image Formation by Plane Mirror : āϏāĻŽāϤāϞ āĻĻā§°ā§āĻĒāĻŖāϤ āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŦāĻŋ āĻ—āĻ āύ


1. Plane Mirror : āϏāĻŽāϤāϞ āĻĻā§°ā§āĻĒāĻŖ


A plane mirror is a flat and polished reflecting surface which forms images by reflection of light.
āϏāĻŽāϤāϞ āĻĻā§°ā§āĻĒāĻŖ āĻšā§ˆāϛ⧇ āĻāϟāĻž āϏāĻŽāϤāϞ āφ⧰⧁ āĻĒāĻžāϞāĻŋāĻļ āϕ⧰āĻž āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋāĻĢāϞāĻ• āĻĒ⧃āĻˇā§āĻ , āϝāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻĒā§‹āĻšā§°ā§° āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋāĻĢāϞāύ⧰ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžā§°āĻž āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŦāĻŋ āĻ—āĻ āύ āϕ⧰⧇āĨ¤


2. Virtual Image : āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ā§āĻĒāύāĻŋāĻ• āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŦāĻŋ


The image formed by a plane mirror is virtual because it appears behind the mirror and cannot be obtained on a screen.
āϏāĻŽāϤāϞ āĻĻā§°ā§āĻĒāϪ⧇ āĻ—āĻ āύ āϕ⧰āĻž āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŦāĻŋ āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ā§āĻĒāύāĻŋāĻ• āĻšāϝāĻŧ, āĻ•āĻžā§°āĻŖ āχ āĻĻā§°ā§āĻĒāĻŖā§° āĻĒāĻŋāĻ›āĻĢāĻžāϞ⧇ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻž āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ āφ⧰⧁ āĻĒā§°ā§āĻĻāĻžāϤ āϧ⧰āĻž āύāĻžāϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤


3. Erect Image : āϏ⧋āϜāĻž āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŦāĻŋ


The image formed in a plane mirror is always erect or upright. āϏāĻŽāϤāϞ āĻĻā§°ā§āĻĒāĻŖāϤ āĻ—āĻ āύ āĻšā§‹ā§ąāĻž āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŦāĻŋ āϏāĻĻāĻžāϝāĻŧ āϏ⧋āϜāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤


4. Same Size Image : āϏāĻŽāĻžāύ āφāĻ•āĻžā§°ā§° āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŦāĻŋ


The size of the image formed by a plane mirror is equal to the size of the object.
āϏāĻŽāϤāϞ āĻĻā§°ā§āĻĒāϪ⧇ āĻ—āĻ āύ āϕ⧰āĻž āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŦāĻŋā§° āφāĻ•āĻžā§° āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁⧰ āφāĻ•āĻžā§°ā§° āϏāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤


5. Lateral Inversion : āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§āĻļā§āĻŦā§€āϝāĻŧ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒā§°ā§€āϤāϤāĻž


In a plane mirror, the left side of the object appears as the right side in the image and the right side appears as the left side. This phenomenon is called lateral inversion.
āϏāĻŽāϤāϞ āĻĻā§°ā§āĻĒāĻŖāϤ āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁⧰ āĻŦāĻžāρāĻ“āĻĢāĻžāϞ āĻ›āĻŦāĻŋāϤ āϏ⧋āρāĻĢāĻžāϞ āĻšāĻŋāϚāĻžāĻĒ⧇ āφ⧰⧁ āϏ⧋āρāĻĢāĻžāϞ āĻŦāĻžāρāĻ“āĻĢāĻžāϞ āĻšāĻŋāϚāĻžāĻĒ⧇ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻž āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āĻāχ āϘāϟāύāĻžāĻ• āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§āĻļā§āĻŦā§€āϝāĻŧ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒā§°ā§€āϤāϤāĻž āĻŦā§‹āϞāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤


6. Equal Distance : āϏāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻĻā§‚ā§°āĻ¤ā§āĻŦ


The distance of the object from the mirror is always equal to the distance of the image from the mirror.
āĻĻā§°ā§āĻĒāĻŖā§° āĻĒā§°āĻž āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁⧰ āĻĻā§‚ā§°āĻ¤ā§āĻŦ āϏāĻĻāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŦāĻŋā§° āĻĻā§‚ā§°āĻ¤ā§āĻŦā§° āϏāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤


7. Equal Height : āϏāĻŽāĻžāύ āωāĻšā§āϚāϤāĻž


The height of the image formed in a plane mirror is equal to the height of the object.
āϏāĻŽāϤāϞ āĻĻā§°ā§āĻĒāĻŖāϤ āĻ—āĻ āύ āĻšā§‹ā§ąāĻž āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŦāĻŋā§° āωāĻšā§āϚāϤāĻž āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁⧰ āωāĻšā§āϚāϤāĻžā§° āϏāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤


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MCQ Questions













1. The image formed by a plane mirror is: āϏāĻŽāϤāϞ āĻĻā§°ā§āĻĒāϪ⧇ āĻ—āĻ āύ āϕ⧰āĻž āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŦāĻŋ āϕ⧇āύ⧇āĻ•ā§ā§ąāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ ?


A) Real / āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§ą   B) Virtual / āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ā§āĻĒāύāĻŋāĻ•   C) Inverted / āĻ“āϞ⧋āϟāĻž   D) Diminished / āϏ⧰⧁


Ans: B) Virtual / āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ā§āĻĒāύāĻŋāĻ•


Explanation: A plane mirror forms a virtual image behind the mirror. āϏāĻŽāϤāϞ āĻĻā§°ā§āĻĒāϪ⧇ āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ā§āĻĒāύāĻŋāĻ• āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŦāĻŋ āĻ—āĻ āύ āϕ⧰⧇āĨ¤


2. In a plane mirror, the image is: āϏāĻŽāϤāϞ āĻĻā§°ā§āĻĒāĻŖāϤ āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŦāĻŋ āϕ⧇āύ⧇āĻ•ā§ā§ąāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ ?

A) Upside down / āĻ“āϞ⧋āϟāĻž    B) Erect / āϏ⧋āϜāĻž   C) Smaller / āϏ⧰⧁   D) Blurred / āĻ…āĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻˇā§āϟ


Ans: B) Erect / āϏ⧋āϜāĻž


Explanation: The image formed by a plane mirror is always erect. āϏāĻŽāϤāϞ āĻĻā§°ā§āĻĒāĻŖāϤ āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŦāĻŋ āϏāĻĻāĻžāϝāĻŧ āϏ⧋āϜāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤


3. The size of image formed by a plane mirror is: āϏāĻŽāϤāϞ āĻĻā§°ā§āĻĒāϪ⧇ āĻ—āĻ āύ āϕ⧰āĻž āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŦāĻŋā§° āφāĻ•āĻžā§° āϕ⧇āύ⧇āĻ•ā§ā§ąāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ ?

A) Smaller than object / āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁āϤāĻ•ā§ˆ āϏ⧰⧁   B) Larger than object / āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁āϤāĻ•ā§ˆ āĻĄāĻžāϙ⧰
C) Equal to object / āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁⧰ āϏāĻŽāĻžāύ   D) Zero / āĻļā§‚āĻ¨ā§āϝ


Ans: C) Equal to object / āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁⧰ āϏāĻŽāĻžāύ


Explanation: Image size is equal to the object size. āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŦāĻŋā§° āφāĻ•āĻžā§° āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁⧰ āφāĻ•āĻžā§°ā§° āϏāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤


4. Lateral inversion means: āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§āĻļā§āĻŦā§€āϝāĻŧ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒā§°ā§€āϤāϤāĻž āĻŦ⧁āϜāĻžāϝāĻŧ -

A) Top becomes bottom / āĻ“āĻĒā§° āϤāϞ āĻšāϝāĻŧ    B) Left becomes right / āĻŦāĻžāρāĻ“āĻĢāĻžāϞ āϏ⧋āρāĻĢāĻžāϞ āĻšāϝāĻŧ
C) Image disappears / āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŦāĻŋ āύāĻžāχāĻ•āĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ   D) Image becomes small / āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŦāĻŋ āϏ⧰⧁ āĻšāϝāĻŧ


Ans: B) Left becomes right / āĻŦāĻžāρāĻ“āĻĢāĻžāϞ āϏ⧋āρāĻĢāĻžāϞ āĻšāϝāĻŧ


Explanation: In lateral inversion, left and right sides interchange. āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§āĻļā§āĻŦā§€āϝāĻŧ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒā§°ā§€āϤāϤāĻžāϤ āĻŦāĻžāρāĻ“ āφ⧰⧁ āϏ⧋āρāĻĢāĻžāϞ āϏāϞāύāĻŋ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤


5. Distance of image from mirror is: āĻĻā§°ā§āĻĒāĻŖā§° āĻĒā§°āĻž āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŦāĻŋā§° āĻĻā§‚ā§°āĻ¤ā§āĻŦ—

A) More than object distance / āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁āϤāĻ•ā§ˆ āĻŦ⧇āĻ›āĻŋ    B) Less than object distance / āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁āϤāĻ•ā§ˆ āĻ•āĻŽ
C) Equal to object distance / āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁⧰ āĻĻā§‚ā§°āĻ¤ā§āĻŦā§° āϏāĻŽāĻžāύ   D) Zero / āĻļā§‚āĻ¨ā§āϝ


Ans: C) Equal to object distance / āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁⧰ āĻĻā§‚ā§°āĻ¤ā§āĻŦā§° āϏāĻŽāĻžāύ


Explanation: Object and image remain equidistant from the mirror. āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁ āφ⧰⧁ āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŦāĻŋ āĻĻā§°ā§āĻĒāĻŖā§° āĻĒā§°āĻž āϏāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻĻā§‚ā§°āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāϤ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇āĨ¤


2 Marks Questions : ⧍ āύāĻŽā§āĻŦā§°ā§° āĻĒā§ā§°āĻļā§āύ

1. What is a plane mirror ? āϏāĻŽāϤāϞ āĻĻā§°ā§āĻĒāĻŖ āĻ•āĻŋ ?


Ans: A plane mirror is a flat and polished reflecting surface that forms images by reflection of light. āϏāĻŽāϤāϞ āĻĻā§°ā§āĻĒāĻŖ āĻšā§ˆāϛ⧇ āĻāϟāĻž āϏāĻŽāϤāϞ āφ⧰⧁ āĻĒāĻžāϞāĻŋāĻļ āϕ⧰āĻž āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋāĻĢāϞāĻ• āĻĒ⧃āĻˇā§āĻ , āϝāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻĒā§‹āĻšā§°ā§° āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋāĻĢāϞāύ⧰ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžā§°āĻž āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŦāĻŋ āĻ—āĻ āύ āϕ⧰⧇āĨ¤


2. Define lateral inversion. āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§āĻļā§āĻŦā§€āϝāĻŧ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒā§°ā§€āϤāϤāĻž āĻŦ⧁āϜāĻžāĻ“āĨ¤

The phenomenon in which the left side of the object appears as the right side in the image and vice versa is called lateral inversion. āϝ’āϤ āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁⧰ āĻŦāĻžāρāĻ“āĻĢāĻžāϞ āĻ›āĻŦāĻŋāϤ āϏ⧋āρāĻĢāĻžāϞ āφ⧰⧁ āϏ⧋āρāĻĢāĻžāϞ āĻŦāĻžāρāĻ“āĻĢāĻžāϞ āĻšāĻŋāϚāĻžāĻĒ⧇ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻž āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ, āϤāĻžāĻ• āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§āĻļā§āĻŦā§€āϝāĻŧ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒā§°ā§€āϤāϤāĻž āĻŦā§‹āϞāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤


3. Mention any two characteristics of image formed by a plane mirror. āϏāĻŽāϤāϞ āĻĻā§°ā§āĻĒāϪ⧇ āĻ—āĻ āύ āϕ⧰āĻž āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŦāĻŋā§° āϝāĻŋāϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻž āĻŦ⧈āĻļāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āϝ āϞāĻŋāĻ–āĻžāĨ¤

  1. The image is virtual. (āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŦāĻŋ āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ā§āĻĒāύāĻŋāĻ•āĨ¤)

  2. The image is erect. (āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŦāĻŋ āϏ⧋āϜāĻžāĨ¤)


5 Marks Questions ā§Ģ āύāĻŽā§āĻŦā§°ā§° āĻĒā§ā§°āĻļā§āύ : 


1. Explain the characteristics of image formed by a plane mirror. āϏāĻŽāϤāϞ āĻĻā§°ā§āĻĒāϪ⧇ āĻ—āĻ āύ āϕ⧰āĻž āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŦāĻŋā§° āĻŦ⧈āĻļāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āϝāϏāĻŽā§‚āĻš āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ–ā§āϝāĻž āϕ⧰āĻžāĨ¤

The image formed by a plane mirror is virtual, erect, and equal in size to the object. The image appears behind the mirror and cannot be obtained on a screen. The object and image are at equal distances from the mirror. Another important property is lateral inversion, where the left side of the object appears as the right side in the image and vice versa.


āϏāĻŽāϤāϞ āĻĻā§°ā§āĻĒāϪ⧇ āĻ—āĻ āύ āϕ⧰āĻž āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŦāĻŋ āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ā§āĻĒāύāĻŋāĻ•, āϏ⧋āϜāĻž āφ⧰⧁ āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁⧰ āϏāĻŽāĻžāύ āφāĻ•āĻžā§°ā§° āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŦāĻŋāĻŸā§‹ āĻĻā§°ā§āĻĒāĻŖā§° āĻĒāĻŋāĻ›āĻĢāĻžāϞ⧇ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻž āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ āφ⧰⧁ āĻĒā§°ā§āĻĻāĻžāϤ āϧ⧰āĻž āύāĻžāϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁ āφ⧰⧁ āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŦāĻŋ āĻĻā§°ā§āĻĒāĻŖā§° āĻĒā§°āĻž āϏāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻĻā§‚ā§°āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāϤ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇āĨ¤ āφāύ āĻāϟāĻž āϗ⧁⧰⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻŦ⧈āĻļāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āϝ āĻšā§ˆāϛ⧇ āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§āĻļā§āĻŦā§€āϝāĻŧ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒā§°ā§€āϤāϤāĻž, āϝ’āϤ āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁⧰ āĻŦāĻžāρāĻ“āĻĢāĻžāϞ āĻ›āĻŦāĻŋāϤ āϏ⧋āρāĻĢāĻžāϞ āĻšāĻŋāϚāĻžāĻĒ⧇ āφ⧰⧁ āϏ⧋āρāĻĢāĻžāϞ āĻŦāĻžāρāĻ“āĻĢāĻžāϞ āĻšāĻŋāϚāĻžāĻĒ⧇ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻž āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤


2. What is lateral inversion? Explain with example. āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§āĻļā§āĻŦā§€āϝāĻŧ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒā§°ā§€āϤāϤāĻž āĻ•āĻŋ? āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšā§°āĻŖāϏāĻš āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ–ā§āϝāĻž āϕ⧰āĻžāĨ¤

Lateral inversion is the phenomenon in which the left side of an object appears as the right side in the mirror image and the right side appears as the left side. For example, when the word “AMBULANCE” is written in reverse form on vehicles, drivers can read it correctly in the rear-view mirror.


āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§āĻļā§āĻŦā§€āϝāĻŧ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒā§°ā§€āϤāϤāĻž āĻšā§ˆāϛ⧇ āĻāύ⧇ āĻāϟāĻž āϘāϟāύāĻž, āϝ’āϤ āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁⧰ āĻŦāĻžāρāĻ“āĻĢāĻžāϞ āĻ›āĻŦāĻŋāϤ āϏ⧋āρāĻĢāĻžāϞ āĻšāĻŋāϚāĻžāĻĒ⧇ āφ⧰⧁ āϏ⧋āρāĻĢāĻžāϞ āĻŦāĻžāρāĻ“āĻĢāĻžāϞ āĻšāĻŋāϚāĻžāĻĒ⧇ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻž āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšā§°āĻŖāĻ¸ā§āĻŦā§°ā§‚āĻĒ⧇, “AMBULANCE” āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻŸā§‹ āĻ—āĻžāĻĄāĻŧā§€āϤ āωāĻ˛ā§āϟāĻžāĻ•ā§ˆ āϞāĻŋāĻ–āĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ āϝāĻžāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻŋāĻ›āĻĢāĻžāϞ⧰ āĻĻā§°ā§āĻĒāĻŖāϤ āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ•āĻ•ā§ˆ āĻĒāĻĸāĻŧāĻŋāĻŦ āĻĒā§°āĻž āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤