Refraction through Glass Slab : āĻāĻžāĻāĻā§° āĻĒāĻžāϤ⧰ āĻŽāĻžāĻā§ā§°ā§ āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋāϏ⧰āĻŖ
When a ray of light passes through a glass slab, it bends at the surface due to refraction. The ray first bends towards the normal when it enters the denser medium (glass) and bends away from the normal when it comes out into air. Finally, the emergent ray becomes parallel to the incident ray but shifts sideways. This sideways shift is called lateral displacement.
āϝā§āϤāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻĒā§āĻšā§°ā§° āĻāĻāĻž ā§°āĻļā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻžāĻāĻā§° āĻĒāĻžāϤ⧰ āĻŽāĻžāĻā§ā§°ā§ āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ, āϤā§āϤāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋāϏ⧰āĻŖā§° āĻŦāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻ āĻŦā§āĻāĻāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ ā§°āĻļā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻā§ āĻāύ āĻŽāĻžāϧā§āϝāĻŽ (āĻāĻžāĻāĻ) āϤ āĻĒā§ā§°ā§ąā§āĻļ āĻā§°āĻžā§° āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧāϤ āϞāĻŽā§āĻŦā§° āĻĢāĻžāϞ⧠āĻŦāĻžāĻā§ āĻā§°ā§ āĻĒā§āύ⧰ āĻŦāĻžāϝāĻŧā§āϤ āĻāϞāĻžāĻ āĻ āĻšāĻžā§° āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧāϤ āϞāĻŽā§āĻŦā§° āĻĒā§°āĻž āĻāĻāϤ⧰⧠āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āĨ¤ āĻļā§āώāϤ, āύāĻŋā§°ā§āĻāϤ ā§°āĻļā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻā§ āĻāĻĒāϤāĻŋāϤ ā§°āĻļā§āĻŽāĻŋā§° āϏāĻŽāĻžāύā§āϤ⧰āĻžāϞ āĻšāϝāĻŧ, āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠āĻāĻžāώāϞ⧠āϏ⧰āĻŋ āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āĻāĻ āĻāĻžāώā§āϝāĻŧ āϏ⧰āĻŖāĻ āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§āĻļā§āĻŦā§āϝāĻŧ āϏ⧰āĻŖ (Lateral Displacement) āĻŦā§āϞāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
Important Terms : āĻā§ā§°ā§āϤā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāϏāĻŽā§āĻš
1. Incident Ray (PQ) : āĻāĻĒāϤāĻŋāϤ ā§°āĻļā§āĻŽāĻŋ : The ray of light that strikes the surface of the glass slab is called the incident ray. āĻāĻžāĻāĻā§° āĻĒāĻžāϤ⧰ āĻĒā§āώā§āĻ āϤ āĻĒā§°āĻž āĻĒā§āĻšā§°ā§° ā§°āĻļā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻ āĻāĻĒāϤāĻŋāϤ ā§°āĻļā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦā§āϞāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
2. Refracted Ray (QR) : āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋāϏ⧰āĻŋāϤ ā§°āĻļā§āĻŽāĻŋ : The ray that bends inside the glass slab is called the refracted ray. āĻāĻžāĻāĻā§° āĻĒāĻžāϤ⧰ āĻāĻŋāϤ⧰āϤ āĻŦā§āĻāĻāĻž āĻšā§ā§ąāĻž ā§°āĻļā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻ āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋāϏ⧰āĻŋāϤ ā§°āĻļā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦā§āϞāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
3. Emergent Ray (RS) : āύāĻŋā§°ā§āĻāϤ ā§°āĻļā§āĻŽāĻŋ : The ray that comes out from the glass slab is called the emergent ray.
āĻāĻžāĻāĻā§° āĻĒāĻžāϤ⧰ āĻĒā§°āĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋā§° āĻšā§ā§ąāĻž ā§°āĻļā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻ āύāĻŋā§°ā§āĻāϤ ā§°āĻļā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦā§āϞāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
Key Points : āĻŽā§āĻā§āϝ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧāϏāĻŽā§āĻš
1. Angle of Incidence = Angle of Emergence (āĻāĻĒāϤāύ āĻā§āĻŖ = āύāĻŋā§°ā§āĻāĻŽāύ āĻā§āĻŖ) : ∠i = ∠e
The angle of emergence is equal to the angle of incidence. āύāĻŋā§°ā§āĻāĻŽāύ āĻā§āĻŖ āĻāĻĒāϤāύ āĻā§āĻŖā§° āϏāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
2. Emergent Ray is Parallel to Incident Ray āύāĻŋā§°ā§āĻāϤ ā§°āĻļā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻĒāϤāĻŋāϤ ā§°āĻļā§āĻŽāĻŋā§° āϏāĻŽāĻžāύā§āϤ⧰āĻžāϞ
The emergent ray remains parallel to the incident ray after passing through the glass slab. āĻāĻžāĻāĻā§° āĻĒāĻžāϤ⧰ āĻŽāĻžāĻā§ā§°ā§ āϝā§ā§ąāĻžā§° āĻĒāĻŋāĻāϤ āύāĻŋā§°ā§āĻāϤ ā§°āĻļā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻā§ āĻāĻĒāϤāĻŋāϤ ā§°āĻļā§āĻŽāĻŋā§° āϏāĻŽāĻžāύā§āϤ⧰āĻžāϞ āĻĨāĻžāĻā§āĨ¤
3. Lateral Displacement : āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§āĻļā§āĻŦā§āϝāĻŧ āϏ⧰āĻŖ : Although the emergent ray is parallel to the incident ray, it shifts sideways. This shift is called lateral displacement. āύāĻŋā§°ā§āĻāϤ ā§°āĻļā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻā§ āĻāĻĒāϤāĻŋāϤ ā§°āĻļā§āĻŽāĻŋā§° āϏāĻŽāĻžāύā§āϤ⧰āĻžāϞ āĻšāϞā§āĻ āĻ āĻāĻžāώāϞ⧠āϏ⧰āĻŋ āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āĻāĻ āϏ⧰āĻŖāĻ āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§āĻļā§āĻŦā§āϝāĻŧ āϏ⧰āĻŖ āĻŦā§āϞāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
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MCQs – Refraction through Glass Slab
1. The bending of light when it passes from one medium to another is called: āĻĒā§āĻšā§° āĻāĻāĻž āĻŽāĻžāϧā§āϝāĻŽā§° āĻĒā§°āĻž āĻāύ āĻāĻāĻžāϞ⧠āĻ’āϞ⧠āĻĻāĻŋāĻļ āϏāϞāύāĻŋ āĻšā§ā§ąāĻžāĻ āĻāĻŋ āĻāϝāĻŧ ?
Option: A) Reflection / āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋāĻĢāϞāύ B) Refraction / āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋāϏ⧰āĻŖ C) Dispersion / āĻŦāĻŋāĻā§āĻā§ā§°āĻŖ D) Scattering / āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻŋā§°āĻŖ
Ans / āĻāϤā§āϤ⧰: B) Refraction / āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋāϏ⧰āĻŖ
Explanation / āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻž: Refraction is the bending of light in different media. āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻŋāύā§āύ āĻŽāĻžāϧā§āϝāĻŽāϤ āĻĒā§āĻšā§° āĻŦā§āĻāĻā§ āϝā§ā§ąāĻžāĻ āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋāϏ⧰āĻŖ āĻāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
2. The ray entering the glass slab is called: Glass slab āϤ āĻĒā§ā§°ā§ąā§āĻļ āĻā§°āĻž ā§°āĻļā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻ āĻāĻŋ āĻāϝāĻŧ ?
Option:A) Emergent Ray / āĻāĻĻā§āĻāϤ ā§°āĻļā§āĻŽāĻŋ B) Reflected Ray / āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋāĻĢāϞāĻŋāϤ ā§°āĻļā§āĻŽāĻŋ C) Incident Ray / āĻāĻĒāϤāĻŋāϤ ā§°āĻļā§āĻŽāĻŋ D) Normal / āϞāĻŽā§āĻŦ
Ans / āĻāϤā§āϤ⧰: C) Incident Ray / āĻāĻĒāϤāĻŋāϤ ā§°āĻļā§āĻŽāĻŋ
Explanation / āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻž: The ray striking the surface first is called incident ray. āĻĒā§āώā§āĻ āϤ āĻĒā§ā§°āĻĨāĻŽā§ āĻĒā§°āĻž ā§°āĻļā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻ āĻāĻĒāϤāĻŋāϤ ā§°āĻļā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
3. The ray coming out of the glass slab is called: Glass slab ā§° āĻĒā§°āĻž āĻāϞāĻžāĻ āĻ āĻšāĻž ā§°āĻļā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻ āĻāĻŋ āĻāϝāĻŧ ?
2. What is lateral displacement ? Lateral displacement āĻāĻŋ ?
Ans / āĻāϤā§āϤ⧰: The sideways shift of the emergent ray from the original path is called lateral displacement. āĻāĻĻā§āĻāϤ ā§°āĻļā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻŽā§āϞ āĻĒāĻĨā§° āĻĒā§°āĻž āĻĒāĻžāĻļāĻĢāĻžāϞ⧠āϏ⧰āĻŋ āϝā§ā§ąāĻžāĻ lateral displacement āĻāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
3. State one property of the emergent ray in a glass slab. Glass slab āϤ āĻāĻĻā§āĻāϤ ā§°āĻļā§āĻŽāĻŋā§° āĻāĻāĻž āĻā§āĻŖ āϞāĻŋāĻāĻžāĨ¤
Ans / āĻāϤā§āϤ⧰: The emergent ray is parallel to the incident ray. āĻāĻĻā§āĻāϤ ā§°āĻļā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻĒāϤāĻŋāϤ ā§°āĻļā§āĻŽāĻŋā§° āϏāĻŽāĻžāύā§āϤ⧰āĻžāϞ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
4. Define incident ray and refracted ray. Incident ray āĻā§°ā§ refracted ray ā§° āϏāĻāĻā§āĻāĻž āϞāĻŋāĻāĻžāĨ¤
Ans / āĻāϤā§āϤ⧰: Incident Ray: The ray striking the surface. āĻāĻĒāϤāĻŋāϤ ā§°āĻļā§āĻŽāĻŋ: āĻĒā§āώā§āĻ āϤ āĻĒā§°āĻž ā§°āĻļā§āĻŽāĻŋāĨ¤
Refracted Ray: The bent ray inside the medium. āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋāϏ⧰āĻŋāϤ ā§°āĻļā§āĻŽāĻŋ: āĻŽāĻžāϧā§āϝāĻŽā§° āĻāĻŋāϤ⧰āϤ āĻŦā§āĻāĻāĻž āĻšā§ā§ąāĻž ā§°āĻļā§āĻŽāĻŋāĨ¤
5 Marks Questions & Answers
1. Explain refraction through a glass slab with diagram. āĻāĻŋāϤā§ā§°āϏāĻš āĻāĻžāĻāĻā§° āĻĢāϞāĻā§° āĻŽāĻžāĻā§ā§°ā§ āĻĒā§āĻšā§°ā§° āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋāϏ⧰āĻŖ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻž āĻā§°āĻžāĨ¤
Ans / āĻāϤā§āϤ⧰: When a ray of light enters a glass slab from air, it bends towards the normal because glass is denser than air. Inside the slab, the ray travels along a different path. When it emerges out into air, it bends away from the normal. The emergent ray becomes parallel to the incident ray but is laterally displaced.
āϝā§āϤāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻĒā§āĻšā§°ā§° ā§°āĻļā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāϝāĻŧā§ā§° āĻĒā§°āĻž āĻāĻžāĻāĻā§° āĻĢāϞāĻāϤ āĻĒā§ā§°ā§ąā§āĻļ āĻā§°ā§, āϤā§āϤāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻāĻžāĻāĻ āĻŦāĻžāϝāĻŧā§āϤāĻā§ āĻāύ āĻšā§ā§ąāĻžā§° āĻŦāĻžāĻŦā§ ā§°āĻļā§āĻŽāĻŋ āϞāĻŽā§āĻŦā§° āĻĢāĻžāϞ⧠āĻŦā§āĻāĻā§ āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āĻĢāϞāĻā§° āĻāĻŋāϤ⧰āϤ ā§°āĻļā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻā§ āĻāύ āĻĒāĻĨā§āĻĻāĻŋ āĻāϤāĻŋ āĻā§°ā§āĨ¤ āĻĒā§āύ⧰ āĻŦāĻžāϝāĻŧā§āϤ āĻāϞāĻžāĻ āĻāĻšā§āĻāϤ⧠āĻ āϞāĻŽā§āĻŦā§° āĻĒā§°āĻž āĻāĻāϤ⧰āĻŋ āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āĻāĻĻā§āĻāϤ ā§°āĻļā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻĒāϤāĻŋāϤ ā§°āĻļā§āĻŽāĻŋā§° āϏāĻŽāĻžāύā§āϤ⧰āĻžāϞ āĻšāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠āĻāĻŋāĻā§āĻāĻž āĻĒāĻžāĻļāĻĢāĻžāϞ⧠āϏ⧰āĻŋ āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
2. Write the important terms related to refraction through glass slab. Glass slab ā§° āĻŽāĻžāĻā§ā§°ā§ āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋāϏ⧰āĻŖā§° āϏā§āϤ⧠āĻāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāϤ āĻā§ā§°ā§āϤā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ āĻĒāĻĻāϏāĻŽā§āĻš āϞāĻŋāĻāĻžāĨ¤
Ans / āĻāϤā§āϤ⧰:
- Incident Ray – Ray striking the surface. āĻāĻĒāϤāĻŋāϤ ā§°āĻļā§āĻŽāĻŋ – āĻĒā§āώā§āĻ āϤ āĻĒā§°āĻž ā§°āĻļā§āĻŽāĻŋāĨ¤
- Refracted Ray – Bent ray inside the slab. āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋāϏ⧰āĻŋāϤ ā§°āĻļā§āĻŽāĻŋ – āĻĢāϞāĻā§° āĻāĻŋāϤ⧰āϤ āĻŦā§āĻāĻāĻž āĻšā§ā§ąāĻž ā§°āĻļā§āĻŽāĻŋāĨ¤
- Emergent Ray – Ray coming out of the slab. āĻāĻĻā§āĻāϤ ā§°āĻļā§āĻŽāĻŋ – āĻĢāϞāĻā§° āĻĒā§°āĻž āĻāϞāĻžāĻ āĻ āĻšāĻž ā§°āĻļā§āĻŽāĻŋāĨ¤
- Normal – Perpendicular line at point of incidence. Normal – āĻāĻĒāϤāύ āĻŦāĻŋāύā§āĻĻā§āϤ āϞāĻŽā§āĻŦ ā§°ā§āĻāĻžāĨ¤
- Angle of Incidence – Angle between incident ray and normal. āĻāĻĒāϤāύ āĻā§āĻŖ – āĻāĻĒāϤāĻŋāϤ ā§°āĻļā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻā§°ā§ āϞāĻŽā§āĻŦā§° āĻŽāĻžāĻā§° āĻā§āĻŖāĨ¤
- Angle of Refraction – Angle between refracted ray and normal. āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋāϏ⧰āĻŖ āĻā§āĻŖ – āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋāϏ⧰āĻŋāϤ ā§°āĻļā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻā§°ā§ āϞāĻŽā§āĻŦā§° āĻŽāĻžāĻā§° āĻā§āĻŖāĨ¤