Momentum: Formula & When to Use Momentum (āĻā§°āĻŦā§āĻā§° āϏā§āϤā§ā§° āĻā§°ā§ āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšāĻžā§°)
Momentum is the quantity of motion of an object. (āĻā§°āĻŦā§āĻ āĻšā§āĻā§ āĻā§āύ⧠āĻŦāϏā§āϤā§ā§° āĻāϤāĻŋā§° āĻĒā§°āĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻŖāĨ¤) An object with more mass or more speed has more momentum. (āĻ āϧāĻŋāĻ āĻā§° āĻŦāĻž āĻ āϧāĻŋāĻ āĻŦā§āĻ āĻĨāĻāĻž āĻŦāϏā§āϤā§ā§° āĻā§°āĻŦā§āĻ āĻ āϧāĻŋāĻ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
Formula of Momentum / āĻā§°āĻŦā§āĻā§° āϏā§āϤā§ā§° : P = mv (Momentum = mass × velocity) : āĻā§°āĻŦā§āĻ = āĻā§° × āĻŦā§āĻ
Where / āϝ’āϤ : P = Momentum /āĻā§°āĻŦā§āĻ, m = Mass / āĻā§°, v = Velocity / āĻŦā§āĻ
When to Use ? / āĻā§āϤāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšāĻžā§° āĻā§°āĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ ?
- When mass is given (āϝā§āϤāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻā§° āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻĨāĻžāĻā§)
- When velocity is given (āϝā§āϤāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻŦā§āĻ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻĨāĻžāĻā§ )
- To find quantity of motion (āĻāϤāĻŋā§° āĻĒā§°āĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻŖ āύāĻŋā§°ā§āĻŖāϝāĻŧ āĻā§°āĻŋāĻŦāϞā§)
Important Points / āĻā§ā§°ā§āϤā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ āĻāĻĨāĻž
- Light object → Low momentum (āĻĒāĻžāϤāϞ āĻŦāϏā§āϤ⧠→ āĻāĻŽ āĻā§°āĻŦā§āĻ)
- Heavy object → High momentum (āĻāϧā§ā§° āĻŦāϏā§āϤ⧠→ āĻ āϧāĻŋāĻ āĻā§°āĻŦā§āĻ)
- More speed → More momentum (āĻ āϧāĻŋāĻ āĻŦā§āĻ → āĻ āϧāĻŋāĻ āĻā§°āĻŦā§āĻ)
SI Unit / SI āĻāĻāĻ : SI unit of momentum = kg·m/s (āĻā§°āĻŦā§āĻā§° SI āĻāĻāĻ = kg·m/s)
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MCQ
1. What is momentum ? āĻā§°āĻŦā§āĻ āĻāĻŋ ?
A) Force B) Energy C) Quantity of motion D) Pressure
Ans: C) Quantity of motion
Explanation: Momentum means quantity of motion of an object. āĻā§°āĻŦā§āĻ āĻŽāĻžāύ⧠āĻŦāϏā§āϤā§ā§° āĻāϤāĻŋā§° āĻĒā§°āĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻŖāĨ¤
2. The formula of momentum is: āĻā§°āĻŦā§āĻā§° āϏā§āϤā§ā§° āĻā§āύāĻā§ ?
A) F = ma B) P = mv C) W = mg D) V = IR
Ans: B) P = mv
Explanation: Momentum is equal to mass × velocity. āĻā§°āĻŦā§āĻ = āĻā§° × āĻŦā§āĻāĨ¤
3. SI unit of momentum is: āĻā§°āĻŦā§āĻā§° SI āĻāĻāĻ āĻāĻŋ ?
A) Newton B) Joule C) kg·m/s D) Watt
Ans: C) kg·m/s
Explanation: Momentum unit = kg × m/s = kg·m/s. (āĻā§°āĻŦā§āĻā§° āĻāĻāĻ = kg·m/s)
4. Momentum depends on: āĻā§°āĻŦā§āĻ āĻāĻŋāĻšā§° āĻāĻĒā§°āϤ āύāĻŋā§°ā§āĻā§° āĻā§°ā§ ?
A) Colour B) Shape C) Mass and velocity D) Temperature
Ans: C) Mass and velocity
Explanation: More mass or more velocity gives more momentum. āĻ āϧāĻŋāĻ āĻā§° āĻŦāĻž āĻ āϧāĻŋāĻ āĻŦā§āĻā§ āĻ āϧāĻŋāĻ āĻā§°āĻŦā§āĻ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§āĨ¤
5. A body at rest has: āϏā§āĻĨāĻŋā§° āĻŦāϏā§āϤ⧠āĻāĻāĻžā§° āĻāĻŋ āĻĨāĻžāĻā§ ?
A) High momentum B) Low momentum C) Zero momentum D) Infinite momentum
Ans: C) Zero momentum
Explanation: Velocity is zero, so momentum is zero. āĻŦā§āĻ āĻļā§āύā§āϝ āĻšāϞ⧠āĻā§°āĻŦā§āĻā§ āĻļā§āύā§āϝ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
6. Momentum is a: āĻā§°āĻŦā§āĻ āĻāĻŋ āϧ⧰āĻŖā§° ā§°āĻžāĻļāĻŋ ?
A) Scalar quantity B) Vector quantity C) Constant quantity D) None
Ans: B) Vector quantity
Explanation: Momentum has both magnitude and direction. āĻā§°āĻŦā§āĻā§° āĻŽāĻžāύ āĻā§°ā§ āĻĻāĻŋāĻļ āĻĻā§āϝāĻŧā§āĻāĻžāĻ āĻĨāĻžāĻā§āĨ¤
7. Which has more momentum ? āĻāĻžā§° āĻā§°āĻŦā§āĻ āĻ āϧāĻŋāĻ ?
A) Slow bicycle B) Fast truck C) Empty box D) Standing boy
Ans: B) Fast truck
Explanation: Truck has more mass and speed. āĻā§ā§°āĻžāĻā§° āĻā§° āĻā§°ā§ āĻŦā§āĻ āĻ āϧāĻŋāĻāĨ¤
8. If velocity increases, momentum will: āĻŦā§āĻ āĻŦā§āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāϞ⧠āĻā§°āĻŦā§āĻ āĻāĻŋ āĻš’āĻŦ ?
A) Decrease B) Remain same C) Increase D) Become zero
Ans: C) Increase
Explanation: Momentum is directly proportional to velocity. āĻā§°āĻŦā§āĻ āĻŦā§āĻā§° āϏā§āϤ⧠āϏāĻŽāĻžāύā§āĻĒāĻžāϤāĻŋāĻāĨ¤
9. Momentum of a light object is usually: āĻĒāĻžāϤāϞ āĻŦāϏā§āϤā§ā§° āĻā§°āĻŦā§āĻ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžā§°āĻŖāϤ⧠āĻā§āύā§āĻā§ā§ąāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ ?
A) High B) Low C) Infinite D) Constant
Ans: B) Low
Explanation: Low mass gives low momentum. āĻāĻŽ āĻā§°ā§ āĻāĻŽ āĻā§°āĻŦā§āĻ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§āĨ¤
10. Find momentum of a 4 kg body moving at 2 m/s. 4 kg āĻā§°ā§° āĻŦāϏā§āϤ⧠2 m/s āĻŦā§āĻā§ āĻāϞāĻŋāϞ⧠āĻā§°āĻŦā§āĻ āĻāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāύ ?
A) 6 kg·m/s B) 8 kg·m/s C) 10 kg·m/s D) 12 kg·m/s
Ans: B) 8 kg·m/s
Explanation:
P = 4 × 2 = 8 kg·m/s
P = 4 × 2 = 8 kg·m/s
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2 Marks Questions : ⧍ āύāĻŽā§āĻŦā§°ā§° āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ
1. Define momentum. āĻā§°āĻŦā§āĻā§° āϏāĻāĻā§āĻāĻž āϞāĻŋāĻāĻžāĨ¤
Ans: Momentum is the quantity of motion of an object. āĻā§āύ⧠āĻŦāϏā§āϤā§ā§° āĻāϤāĻŋā§° āĻĒā§°āĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻŖāĻ āĻā§°āĻŦā§āĻ āĻŦā§āϞāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
2. Write the formula of momentum. āĻā§°āĻŦā§āĻā§° āϏā§āϤā§ā§° āϞāĻŋāĻāĻžāĨ¤
Ans: P = mv (Momentum = mass × velocity.) āĻā§°āĻŦā§āĻ = āĻā§° × āĻŦā§āĻāĨ¤
3. What is the SI unit of momentum ? āĻā§°āĻŦā§āĻā§° SI āĻāĻāĻ āĻāĻŋ ?
Ans: SI unit = kg·m/s (SI āĻāĻāĻ = kg·m/s)
4. Why does a truck have more momentum than a bicycle ? āĻā§ā§°āĻžāĻā§° āĻā§°āĻŦā§āĻ āĻāĻžāĻāĻā§āϞāϤāĻā§ āĻ āϧāĻŋāĻ āĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ ?
Ans: Because truck has greater mass and velocity. (āĻāĻžā§°āĻŖ āĻā§ā§°āĻžāĻā§° āĻā§° āĻā§°ā§ āĻŦā§āĻ āĻ āϧāĻŋāĻāĨ¤)
5. What happens to momentum when mass increases ? āĻā§° āĻŦā§āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāϞ⧠āĻā§°āĻŦā§āĻā§° āĻāĻŋ āĻšāϝāĻŧ ?
Ans: Momentum increases with mass. (āĻā§° āĻŦā§āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāϞ⧠āĻā§°āĻŦā§āĻā§ āĻŦā§āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤)
5 Marks Questions : ā§Ģ āύāĻŽā§āĻŦā§°ā§° āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ
1. Explain momentum with formula. āĻā§°āĻŦā§āĻ āϏā§āϤā§ā§°āϏāĻš āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻž āĻā§°āĻžāĨ¤
Ans: Momentum is the quantity of motion of a body. It depends on mass and velocity. More mass or more velocity means more momentum.(āĻā§°āĻŦā§āĻ āĻšā§āĻā§ āĻŦāϏā§āϤā§ā§° āĻāϤāĻŋā§° āĻĒā§°āĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻŖāĨ¤ āĻ āĻā§° āĻā§°ā§ āĻŦā§āĻā§° āĻāĻĒā§°āϤ āύāĻŋā§°ā§āĻā§° āĻā§°ā§āĨ¤ āĻ āϧāĻŋāĻ āĻā§° āĻŦāĻž āĻ āϧāĻŋāĻ āĻŦā§āĻā§ āĻ āϧāĻŋāĻ āĻā§°āĻŦā§āĻ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§āĨ¤)
2. Calculate momentum of a 5 kg body moving at 4 m/s. (5 kg āĻā§°ā§° āĻŦāϏā§āϤ⧠4 m/s āĻŦā§āĻā§ āĻāϞāĻŋāϞ⧠āĻā§°āĻŦā§āĻ āύāĻŋā§°ā§āĻŖāϝāĻŧ āĻā§°āĻžāĨ¤)
Ans: Given / āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻāĻā§: Mass = 5 kg, Velocity = 4 m/s
P = mv
P = 5 × 4
P = 20 kg·m/s
3. Why is momentum called a vector quantity ?(āĻā§°āĻŦā§āĻāĻ āĻā§āĻā§āĻā§° ā§°āĻžāĻļāĻŋ āĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ āĻŦā§āϞāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ ?)
Ans: Momentum has both magnitude and direction, so it is called a vector quantity. (āĻā§°āĻŦā§āĻā§° āĻŽāĻžāύ āĻā§°ā§ āĻĻāĻŋāĻļ āĻĻā§āϝāĻŧā§āĻāĻžāĻ āĻĨāĻžāĻā§, āϏā§āĻāĻŦāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻ āĻā§āĻā§āĻā§° ā§°āĻžāĻļāĻŋ āĻŦā§āϞāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤)
4. Write differences between low momentum and high momentum. (āĻāĻŽ āĻā§°āĻŦā§āĻ āĻā§°ā§ āĻ āϧāĻŋāĻ āĻā§°āĻŦā§āĻā§° āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§āĻĨāĻā§āϝ āϞāĻŋāĻāĻžāĨ¤)
Ans:
- Low mass or low speed → low momentum (āĻāĻŽ āĻā§° āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻŽ āĻŦā§āĻ → āĻāĻŽ āĻā§°āĻŦā§āĻ)
- High mass or high speed → high momentum (āĻ āϧāĻŋāĻ āĻā§° āĻŦāĻž āĻ āϧāĻŋāĻ āĻŦā§āĻ → āĻ āϧāĻŋāĻ āĻā§°āĻŦā§āĻ)
Ex: Bicycle → low momentum, Truck → high momentum
5. A body of mass 6 kg moves with velocity 3 m/s. Find momentum. (6 kg āĻā§°ā§° āĻŦāϏā§āϤ⧠3 m/s āĻŦā§āĻā§ āĻāϞāĻŋāĻā§āĨ¤ āĻā§°āĻŦā§āĻ āύāĻŋā§°ā§āĻŖāϝāĻŧ āĻā§°āĻžāĨ¤)
Ans:
Given / āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻāĻā§: Mass = 6 kg, Velocity = 3 m/s
P = 6 × 3
P = 18 kg·m/s
Momentum = 18 kg·m/s.