Momentum: Formula & When to Use Momentum (āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ—ā§° āϏ⧂āĻ¤ā§ā§° āφ⧰⧁ āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšāĻžā§°)


Momentum is the quantity of motion of an object. (āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āĻšā§ˆāϛ⧇ āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁⧰ āĻ—āϤāĻŋā§° āĻĒā§°āĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻŖāĨ¤) An object with more mass or more speed has more momentum. (āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ• āĻ­ā§° āĻŦāĻž āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ• āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āĻĨāĻ•āĻž āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁⧰ āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ• āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤


Formula of Momentum / āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ—ā§° āϏ⧂āĻ¤ā§ā§° : P = mv  (Momentum = mass × velocity) : āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ— = āĻ­ā§° × āĻŦ⧇āĻ—


Where / āϝ’āϤ : P = Momentum /āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ—, m = Mass / āĻ­ā§°, v = Velocity / āĻŦ⧇āĻ—



When to Use ? / āϕ⧇āϤāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšāĻžā§° āϕ⧰āĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ ?



  1. When mass is given (āϝ⧇āϤāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻ­ā§° āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇)

  2. When velocity is given (āϝ⧇āϤāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇ )

  3. To find quantity of motion (āĻ—āϤāĻŋā§° āĻĒā§°āĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻŖ āύāĻŋā§°ā§āĻŖāϝāĻŧ āϕ⧰āĻŋāĻŦāϞ⧈)


Important Points / āϗ⧁⧰⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž



  • Light object → Low momentum (āĻĒāĻžāϤāϞ āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁ → āĻ•āĻŽ āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ—)

  • Heavy object → High momentum (āĻ—āϧ⧁⧰ āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁ → āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ• āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ—)

  • More speed → More momentum (āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ• āĻŦ⧇āĻ— → āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ• āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ—)


SI Unit / SI āĻāĻ•āĻ• : SI unit of momentum = kg·m/s (āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ—ā§° SI āĻāĻ•āĻ• = kg·m/s)


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MCQ


1. What is momentum ? āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āĻ•āĻŋ ?


A) Force   B) Energy   C) Quantity of motion  D) Pressure


Ans: C) Quantity of motion


Explanation: Momentum means quantity of motion of an object. āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āĻŽāĻžāύ⧇ āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁⧰ āĻ—āϤāĻŋā§° āĻĒā§°āĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻŖāĨ¤


2. The formula of momentum is: āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ—ā§° āϏ⧂āĻ¤ā§ā§° āϕ⧋āύāĻŸā§‹ ?


A) F = ma  B) P = mv  C) W = mg  D) V = IR


Ans: B) P = mv


Explanation: Momentum is equal to mass × velocity. āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ— = āĻ­ā§° × āĻŦ⧇āĻ—āĨ¤


3. SI unit of momentum is: āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ—ā§° SI āĻāĻ•āĻ• āĻ•āĻŋ ?


A) Newton  B) Joule  C) kg·m/s  D) Watt


Ans: C) kg·m/s


Explanation: Momentum unit = kg × m/s = kg·m/s. (āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ—ā§° āĻāĻ•āĻ• = kg·m/s)


4. Momentum depends on: āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āĻ•āĻŋāĻšā§° āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϤ āύāĻŋā§°ā§āĻ­ā§° āϕ⧰⧇ ?


A) Colour  B) Shape  C) Mass and velocity  D) Temperature


Ans: C) Mass and velocity


Explanation: More mass or more velocity gives more momentum. āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ• āĻ­ā§° āĻŦāĻž āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ• āĻŦ⧇āϗ⧇ āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ• āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇āĨ¤


5. A body at rest has: āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋā§° āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁ āĻāϟāĻžā§° āĻ•āĻŋ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇ ?


A) High momentum  B) Low momentum  C) Zero momentum   D) Infinite momentum


Ans: C) Zero momentum


Explanation: Velocity is zero, so momentum is zero. āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āĻļā§‚āĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻšāϞ⧇ āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ—ā§‹ āĻļā§‚āĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤


6. Momentum is a: āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āĻ•āĻŋ āϧ⧰āĻŖā§° ā§°āĻžāĻļāĻŋ ?


A) Scalar quantity  B) Vector quantity  C) Constant quantity  D) None


Ans: B) Vector quantity


Explanation: Momentum has both magnitude and direction. āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ—ā§° āĻŽāĻžāύ āφ⧰⧁ āĻĻāĻŋāĻļ āĻĻ⧁āϝāĻŧā§‹āϟāĻžāχ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇āĨ¤


7. Which has more momentum ? āĻ•āĻžā§° āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ• ?


A) Slow bicycle  B) Fast truck  C) Empty box  D) Standing boy


Ans: B) Fast truck


Explanation: Truck has more mass and speed. āĻŸā§ā§°āĻžāϕ⧰ āĻ­ā§° āφ⧰⧁ āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ•āĨ¤


8. If velocity increases, momentum will: āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āĻŦ⧃āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāϞ⧇ āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āĻ•āĻŋ āĻš’āĻŦ ?


A) Decrease  B) Remain same  C) Increase  D) Become zero


Ans: C) Increase


Explanation: Momentum is directly proportional to velocity. āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āĻŦ⧇āĻ—ā§° āϏ⧈āϤ⧇ āϏāĻŽāĻžāύ⧁āĻĒāĻžāϤāĻŋāĻ•āĨ¤


9. Momentum of a light object is usually: āĻĒāĻžāϤāϞ āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁⧰ āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āϏāĻžāϧāĻžā§°āĻŖāϤ⧇ āϕ⧇āύ⧇āĻ•ā§ā§ąāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ ?


A) High  B) Low  C) Infinite   D) Constant


Ans: B) Low


Explanation: Low mass gives low momentum. āĻ•āĻŽ āϭ⧰⧇ āĻ•āĻŽ āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇āĨ¤


10. Find momentum of a 4 kg body moving at 2 m/s. 4 kg āĻ­ā§°ā§° āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁ 2 m/s āĻŦ⧇āϗ⧇ āϚāϞāĻŋāϞ⧇ āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āĻ•āĻŋāĻŽāĻžāύ ?


A) 6 kg·m/s   B) 8 kg·m/s   C) 10 kg·m/s   D) 12 kg·m/s


Ans: B) 8 kg·m/s


Explanation:
P = 4 × 2 = 8 kg·m/s
P = 4 × 2 = 8 kg·m/s


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2 Marks Questions : ā§¨ āύāĻŽā§āĻŦā§°ā§° āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ


1. Define momentum. āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ—ā§° āϏāĻ‚āĻœā§āĻžāĻž āϞāĻŋāĻ–āĻžāĨ¤


Ans: Momentum is the quantity of motion of an object. āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁⧰ āĻ—āϤāĻŋā§° āĻĒā§°āĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻŖāĻ• āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āĻŦā§‹āϞāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤


2. Write the formula of momentum. āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ—ā§° āϏ⧂āĻ¤ā§ā§° āϞāĻŋāĻ–āĻžāĨ¤


Ans: P = mv (Momentum = mass × velocity.) āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ— = āĻ­ā§° × āĻŦ⧇āĻ—āĨ¤


3. What is the SI unit of momentum ? āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ—ā§° SI āĻāĻ•āĻ• āĻ•āĻŋ ?


Ans: SI unit = kg·m/s (SI āĻāĻ•āĻ• = kg·m/s)


4. Why does a truck have more momentum than a bicycle ? āĻŸā§ā§°āĻžāϕ⧰ āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āϚāĻžāχāϕ⧇āϞāϤāĻ•ā§ˆ āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āĻŋāϝāĻŧ ?


Ans: Because truck has greater mass and velocity. (āĻ•āĻžā§°āĻŖ āĻŸā§ā§°āĻžāϕ⧰ āĻ­ā§° āφ⧰⧁ āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ•āĨ¤)


5. What happens to momentum when mass increases ? āĻ­ā§° āĻŦ⧃āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāϞ⧇ āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ—ā§° āĻ•āĻŋ āĻšāϝāĻŧ ?


Ans: Momentum increases with mass. (āĻ­ā§° āĻŦ⧃āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāϞ⧇ āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ—ā§‹ āĻŦ⧃āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤)


5 Marks Questions : ā§Ģ āύāĻŽā§āĻŦā§°ā§° āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ


1. Explain momentum with formula. āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āϏ⧂āĻ¤ā§ā§°āϏāĻš āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ–ā§āϝāĻž āϕ⧰āĻžāĨ¤


Ans: Momentum is the quantity of motion of a body. It depends on mass and velocity. More mass or more velocity means more momentum.(āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āĻšā§ˆāϛ⧇ āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁⧰ āĻ—āϤāĻŋā§° āĻĒā§°āĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻŖāĨ¤ āχ āĻ­ā§° āφ⧰⧁ āĻŦ⧇āĻ—ā§° āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϤ āύāĻŋā§°ā§āĻ­ā§° āϕ⧰⧇āĨ¤ āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ• āĻ­ā§° āĻŦāĻž āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ• āĻŦ⧇āϗ⧇ āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ• āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇āĨ¤)




P = mv, Where, P = momentum, m = mass, v = velocity



2. Calculate momentum of a 5 kg body moving at 4 m/s. (5 kg āĻ­ā§°ā§° āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁ 4 m/s āĻŦ⧇āϗ⧇ āϚāϞāĻŋāϞ⧇ āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āύāĻŋā§°ā§āĻŖāϝāĻŧ āϕ⧰āĻžāĨ¤)


Ans: Given / āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āφāϛ⧇: Mass = 5 kg, Velocity = 4 m/s


P = mv


P = 5 × 4


P = 20 kg·m/s




Momentum = 20 kg·m/s.



3. Why is momentum called a vector quantity ?(āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ—āĻ• āϭ⧇āĻ•ā§āϟ⧰ ā§°āĻžāĻļāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋāϝāĻŧ āĻŦā§‹āϞāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ ?)


Ans: Momentum has both magnitude and direction, so it is called a vector quantity. (āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ—ā§° āĻŽāĻžāύ āφ⧰⧁ āĻĻāĻŋāĻļ āĻĻ⧁āϝāĻŧā§‹āϟāĻžāχ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇, āϏ⧇āχāĻŦāĻžāĻŦ⧇ āχāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻ• āϭ⧇āĻ•ā§āϟ⧰ ā§°āĻžāĻļāĻŋ āĻŦā§‹āϞāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤)


4. Write differences between low momentum and high momentum. (āĻ•āĻŽ āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āφ⧰⧁ āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ• āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ—ā§° āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§āĻĨāĻ•ā§āϝ āϞāĻŋāĻ–āĻžāĨ¤)


Ans:



  • Low mass or low speed → low momentum (āĻ•āĻŽ āĻ­ā§° āĻŦāĻž āĻ•āĻŽ āĻŦ⧇āĻ— → āĻ•āĻŽ āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ—)

  • High mass or high speed → high momentum (āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ• āĻ­ā§° āĻŦāĻž āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ• āĻŦ⧇āĻ— → āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ• āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ—)


Ex: Bicycle → low momentum, Truck → high momentum


5. A body of mass 6 kg moves with velocity 3 m/s. Find momentum. (6 kg āĻ­ā§°ā§° āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁ 3 m/s āĻŦ⧇āϗ⧇ āϚāϞāĻŋāϛ⧇āĨ¤ āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āύāĻŋā§°ā§āĻŖāϝāĻŧ āϕ⧰āĻžāĨ¤)


Ans:


Given / āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āφāϛ⧇: Mass = 6 kg, Velocity = 3 m/s




P = mv,  Where, P = momentum, m = mass, v = velocity

SI unit = kg·m/s



P = 6 × 3
P = 18 kg·m/s


Momentum = 18 kg·m/s.