Momentum : āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ— :- Physics Formula Breakdown : āĻĒāĻĻāĻžā§°ā§āĻĨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāύ⧰ āϏ⧂āĻ¤ā§ā§°ā§° āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āϞ⧇āώāĻŖ






Momentum is the quantity of motion of an object. āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āĻšā§ˆāϛ⧇ āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁⧰ āĻ—āϤāĻŋā§° āĻĒā§°āĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻŖāĨ¤


It depends on: āχ āύāĻŋā§°ā§āĻ­ā§° āϕ⧰⧇ : i. Mass (āĻ­ā§°), ii. Velocity (āĻŦ⧇āĻ—)


Formula / āϏ⧂āĻ¤ā§ā§° : P = mv

Where / āϝ’āϤ:  P = Momentum / āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ—, m = Mass / āĻ­ā§°, v = Velocity / āĻŦ⧇āĻ—


Momentum = mass × velocity (āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ— = āĻ­ā§° × āĻŦ⧇āĻ—)


Concept / āϧāĻžā§°āĻŖāĻž

Small & Slow → Low Momentum (āϏ⧰⧁ āφ⧰⧁ āϧ⧀⧰ → āĻ•āĻŽ āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ—)


A light object moving slowly has low momentum. (āĻĒāĻžāϤāϞ āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁ āϧ⧀⧰ āĻ—āϤāĻŋāϤ āϚāϞāĻŋāϞ⧇ āĻ•āĻŽ āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇āĨ¤)


Example: Slow bicycle (āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšā§°āĻŖ: āϧ⧀⧰āĻ—āϤāĻŋāϤ āϚāϞāĻž āϚāĻžāχāϕ⧇āϞ)


Big & Fast → High Momentum (āĻĄāĻžāϙ⧰ āφ⧰⧁ āĻĻā§ā§°ā§āϤ → āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ• āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ—)

A heavy object moving fast has high momentum. (āĻ—āϧ⧁⧰ āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁ āĻĻā§ā§°ā§āϤāĻ—āϤāĻŋāϤ āϚāϞāĻŋāϞ⧇ āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ• āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇āĨ¤)


Example: Fast-moving truck (āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšā§°āĻŖ: āĻĻā§ā§°ā§āϤāĻ—āϤāĻŋāϤ āϚāϞāĻž āĻŸā§ā§°āĻžāĻ•)


Application / āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšāĻžā§°

Momentum is used:



  1. To measure quantity of motion (āĻ—āϤāĻŋā§° āĻĒā§°āĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻŖ āϜāĻžāύāĻŋāĻŦāϞ⧈)

  2. In collision problems (āϏāĻ‚āĻ˜ā§°ā§āώ⧰ āϏāĻŽāĻ¸ā§āϝāĻžāϤ)

  3. In sports and vehicles (āϖ⧇āϞ-āϧ⧇āĻŽāĻžāϞāĻŋ āφ⧰⧁ āϝāĻžāύāĻŦāĻžāĻšāύāϤ)

  4. To compare moving objects (āϚāϞāĻ¨ā§āϤ āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁⧰ āϤ⧁āϞāύāĻž āϕ⧰āĻŋāĻŦāϞ⧈)


Numerical / āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻžāĻ—āϤ āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšā§°āĻŖ


Q / āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ : Find the momentum of a body of mass 4 kg moving with velocity 5 m/s.
4 kg āĻ­ā§°ā§° āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁ 5 m/s āĻŦ⧇āϗ⧇ āϚāϞāĻŋāϛ⧇āĨ¤ āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āύāĻŋā§°ā§āĻŖāϝāĻŧ āϕ⧰āĻžāĨ¤


Soln / āϏāĻŽāĻžāϧāĻžāύ


Given / āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āφāϛ⧇: Mass = 4 kg, Velocity = 5 m/s


P = mv


P = 4 × 5


P = 20 kg·m/s


Ans / āωāĻ¤ā§āϤ⧰: Momentum = 20 kg·m/s (āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ— = 20 kg·m/s)


=====================================================


Momentum MCQ : āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ— MCQ


1. Momentum is the quantity of motion. āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āĻšā§ˆāϛ⧇ āĻ—āϤāĻŋā§° āĻĒā§°āĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻŖāĨ¤

A) Heat  B) Motion  C) Force  D) Energy


Ans: B) Motion


Explanation: Momentum means quantity of motion of an object. (āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āĻŽāĻžāύ⧇ āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁⧰ āĻ—āϤāĻŋā§° āĻĒā§°āĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻŖāĨ¤)


2. The formula of momentum is: (āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ—ā§° āϏ⧂āĻ¤ā§ā§° āϕ⧋āύāĻŸā§‹ ?)

A) F = ma  B) P = mv  C) V = IR  D) W = mg


Ans: B) P = mv


Explanation: Momentum = mass × velocity. (āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ— = āĻ­ā§° × āĻŦ⧇āĻ—āĨ¤)


3. SI unit of momentum is:

āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ—ā§° SI āĻāĻ•āĻ• āĻ•āĻŋ?


A) Newton  B) Joule  C) kg·m/s  D) Watt


Answer: C) kg·m/s


Explanation: Momentum unit = kg × m/s. (āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ—ā§° āĻāĻ•āĻ• = kg·m/s)


4. Momentum depends on: āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āĻ•āĻŋāĻšā§° āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϤ āύāĻŋā§°ā§āĻ­ā§° āϕ⧰⧇ ?

A) Shape  B) Colour  C) Mass and velocity  D) Temperature


Ans: C) Mass and velocity


Explanation: More mass or velocity gives more momentum. (āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ• āĻ­ā§° āĻŦāĻž āĻŦ⧇āϗ⧇ āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ• āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇āĨ¤)


5. A body at rest has: (āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋā§° āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁ āĻāϟāĻžā§° āĻ•āĻŋ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇ ?)

A) High momentum  B) Zero momentum  C) Infinite momentum  D) Constant momentum


Ans: B) Zero momentum


Explanation: Velocity is zero, so momentum is zero. (āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āĻļā§‚āĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻšāϞ⧇ āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ—ā§‹ āĻļā§‚āĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤)


6. Momentum is a: āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āĻ•āĻŋ āϧ⧰āĻŖā§° ā§°āĻžāĻļāĻŋ ?

A) Scalar quantity  B) Vector quantity  C) Constant quantity  D) Simple quantity


Ans: B) Vector quantity


Explanation: Momentum has magnitude and direction. (āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ—ā§° āĻŽāĻžāύ āφ⧰⧁ āĻĻāĻŋāĻļ āĻĻ⧁āϝāĻŧā§‹āϟāĻžāχ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇āĨ¤)


7. Which object has greater momentum ? (āĻ•āĻžā§° āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ• ?)

A) Slow bicycle  B) Fast truck  C) Empty box  D) Standing boy


Answer: B) Fast truck


Explanation: Truck has more mass and speed. (āĻŸā§ā§°āĻžāϕ⧰ āĻ­ā§° āφ⧰⧁ āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ•āĨ¤)


8. If velocity increases, momentum: āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āĻŦ⧃āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāϞ⧇ āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ— -

A) Decreases  B) Becomes zero  C) Increases  D) Remains same


Ans: C) Increases


Explanation: Momentum is directly proportional to velocity. (āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āĻŦ⧇āĻ—ā§° āϏ⧈āϤ⧇ āϏāĻŽāĻžāύ⧁āĻĒāĻžāϤāĻŋāĻ•āĨ¤)


9. Low mass and slow speed produce: āĻ•āĻŽ āĻ­ā§° āφ⧰⧁ āϧ⧀⧰ āĻŦ⧇āϗ⧇ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒāĻ¨ā§āύ āϕ⧰⧇ ?

A) High momentum  B) Infinite momentum  C) Low momentum  D) Constant momentum


Ans: C) Low momentum


Explanation: Small mass and slow speed give low momentum. āĻ•āĻŽ āĻ­ā§° āφ⧰⧁ āϧ⧀⧰ āĻŦ⧇āϗ⧇ āĻ•āĻŽ āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇āĨ¤


10. Find momentum of a 3 kg body moving at 4 m/s. (3 kg āĻ­ā§°ā§° āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁ 4 m/s āĻŦ⧇āϗ⧇ āϚāϞāĻŋāϞ⧇ āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āĻ•āĻŋāĻŽāĻžāύ ?)

A) 7 kg·m/s  B) 10 kg·m/s  C) 12 kg·m/s  D) 15 kg·m/s


Ans: C) 12 kg·m/s


Explanation: P = 3 × 4 = 12 kg·m/s (āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ— = 12 kg·m/s)


===================================================


2 Marks Questions (PYQ) : ⧍ āύāĻŽā§āĻŦā§°ā§° āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ (PYQ)


1. Define momentum. (āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ—ā§° āϏāĻ‚āĻœā§āĻžāĻž āϞāĻŋāĻ–āĻžāĨ¤)

Ans: Momentum is the quantity of motion of an object. (āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁⧰ āĻ—āϤāĻŋā§° āĻĒā§°āĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻŖāĻ• āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āĻŦā§‹āϞāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤)


2. Write the formula of momentum. āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ—ā§° āϏ⧂āĻ¤ā§ā§° āϞāĻŋāĻ–āĻžāĨ¤

p = mv

Ans: Momentum = mass × velocity. (āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ— = āĻ­ā§° × āĻŦ⧇āĻ—āĨ¤)

3. Write the SI unit of momentum. āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ—ā§° SI āĻāĻ•āĻ• āϞāĻŋāĻ–āĻžāĨ¤

Ans: SI unit of momentum = kg·m/s (āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ—ā§° SI āĻāĻ•āĻ• = kg·m/s)


4. Why does a fast truck have more momentum ? āĻĻā§ā§°ā§āϤāĻ—āϤāĻŋāϤ āϚāϞāĻž āĻŸā§ā§°āĻžāϕ⧰ āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āĻŋāϝāĻŧ ?

Ans: Because it has greater mass and velocity. āĻ•āĻžā§°āĻŖ āχāϝāĻŧāĻžā§° āĻ­ā§° āφ⧰⧁ āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ•āĨ¤


5. What happens to momentum when velocity increases ? āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āĻŦ⧃āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāϞ⧇ āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ—ā§° āĻ•āĻŋ āĻšāϝāĻŧ ?

Ans: Momentum increases with increase in velocity.āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āĻŦ⧃āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāϞ⧇ āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ—ā§‹ āĻŦ⧃āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤


5 Marks Questions (PYQ) :  :ā§Ģ āύāĻŽā§āĻŦā§°ā§° āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ (PYQ)


 1. Explain momentum with formula and SI unit. āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āϏ⧂āĻ¤ā§ā§° āφ⧰⧁ SI āĻāĻ•āĻ•āϏāĻš āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ–ā§āϝāĻž āϕ⧰āĻžāĨ¤


Ans: Momentum is the quantity of motion of a body. It depends on mass and velocity. More mass or more velocity means more momentum.


P = mvWhere, P = momentum ,m = mass , v = velocity


āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āĻšā§ˆāϛ⧇ āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁⧰ āĻ—āϤāĻŋā§° āĻĒā§°āĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻŖāĨ¤ āχ āĻ­ā§° āφ⧰⧁ āĻŦ⧇āĻ—ā§° āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϤ āύāĻŋā§°ā§āĻ­ā§° āϕ⧰⧇āĨ¤ āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ• āĻ­ā§° āĻŦāĻž āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ• āĻŦ⧇āϗ⧇ āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ• āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇āĨ¤


2. Calculate momentum of a body of mass 5 kg moving with velocity 6 m/s. (5 kg āĻ­ā§°ā§° āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁ 6 m/s āĻŦ⧇āϗ⧇ āϚāϞāĻŋāϞ⧇ āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āύāĻŋā§°ā§āĻŖāϝāĻŧ āϕ⧰āĻžāĨ¤)


SolnGiven / āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āφāϛ⧇: Mass = 5 kg , Velocity = 6 m/s


P = mv 


P = 5 × 6
P = 30 kg·m/s


Therefore, momentum = 30 kg·m/s.


3. Why is momentum called a vector quantity ? āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ—āĻ• āϭ⧇āĻ•ā§āϟ⧰ ā§°āĻžāĻļāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋāϝāĻŧ āĻŦā§‹āϞāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ ?


Ans: Momentum has both magnitude and direction. Therefore, it is called a vector quantity. āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ—ā§° āĻŽāĻžāύ āφ⧰⧁ āĻĻāĻŋāĻļ āĻĻ⧁āϝāĻŧā§‹āϟāĻžāχ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇āĨ¤ āϏ⧇āχāĻŦāĻžāĻŦ⧇ āχāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻ• āϭ⧇āĻ•ā§āϟ⧰ ā§°āĻžāĻļāĻŋ āĻŦā§‹āϞāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤


4. Differentiate between low momentum and high momentum. āĻ•āĻŽ āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āφ⧰⧁ āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ• āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ—ā§° āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§āĻĨāĻ•ā§āϝ āϞāĻŋāĻ–āĻžāĨ¤


Ans: i. Small mass or slow speed → low momentum (āĻ•āĻŽ āĻ­ā§° āĻŦāĻž āϧ⧀⧰ āĻŦ⧇āĻ— → āĻ•āĻŽ āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ—) ii. Large mass or high speed → high momentum (āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ• āĻ­ā§° āĻŦāĻž āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ• āĻŦ⧇āĻ— → āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ• āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ—). Ex: Bicycle → low momentum, Truck → high momentum


5. A body of mass 8 kg moves with velocity 2 m/s. Find its momentum. (8 kg āĻ­ā§°ā§° āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁ 2 m/s āĻŦ⧇āϗ⧇ āϚāϞāĻŋāϛ⧇āĨ¤ āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āύāĻŋā§°ā§āĻŖāϝāĻŧ āϕ⧰āĻžāĨ¤)


Ans: Given / āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āφāϛ⧇: Mass = 8 kg, Velocity = 2 m/s


P = mv


P = 8 × 2
P = 16 kg·m/s


Therefore, momentum = 16 kg·m/s.