What is Convection vs Radiation ? āϏāĻ‚āĻŦāĻšāύ āĻŦāύāĻžāĻŽ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋā§°āĻŖ


1. Definition / āϏāĻ‚āĻœā§āĻžāĻž


i. Convection (āϏāĻ‚āĻŦāĻšāύ): Transfer of heat by movement of a fluid. (āϤāϰāϞ āĻŦāĻž āϗ⧇āϛ⧰ āĻ—āϤāĻŋā§° āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžā§°āĻž āϤāĻžāĻĒ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧰āĨ¤)


ii. Radiation (āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋā§°āĻŖ): Transfer of heat by electromagnetic waves. (āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ¯ā§ā§Ž-āϚ⧁āĻŽā§āĻŦāϕ⧀āϝāĻŧ āϤ⧰āĻ‚āĻ—ā§° āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžā§°āĻž āϤāĻžāĻĒ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧰āĨ¤)



2.Medium Required  / āĻŽāĻžāĻ§ā§āϝāĻŽā§° āĻĒā§ā§°āϝāĻŧā§‹āϜāύ


i. Convection: Requires a liquid or gas. (āϤāϰāϞ āĻŦāĻž āϗ⧇āϛ⧰ āĻĒā§ā§°āϝāĻŧā§‹āϜāύ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤)


ii. Radiation: Does not require any medium. (āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻŽāĻžāĻ§ā§āϝāĻŽā§° āĻĒā§ā§°āϝāĻŧā§‹āϜāύ āύāĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤)


3. Where it Occurs / āĻ•’āϤ āϘāĻŸā§‡


i. Convection (āϏāĻ‚āĻŦāĻšāύ):  Occurs in fluids only. (āĻ•ā§‡ā§ąāϞ āϤāϰāϞ āφ⧰⧁ āϗ⧇āĻ›āϤ āϘāĻŸā§‡āĨ¤)


ii. Radiation (āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋā§°āĻŖ)Can occur in vacuum as well. (āĻļā§‚āĻ¨ā§āϝāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύāϤ⧋ āϘāϟāĻŋāĻŦ āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§‡āĨ¤)


4. Nature / āĻĒā§ā§°āĻ•ā§ƒāϤāĻŋ


i. Convection (āϏāĻ‚āĻŦāĻšāύ)Heat is carried by moving particles. (āĻ—āϤāĻŋ āϕ⧰āĻž āĻ•āĻŖāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāχ āϤāĻžāĻĒ āĻŦāĻšāύ āϕ⧰⧇āĨ¤)


ii. Radiation (āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋā§°āĻŖ)Heat travels in straight lines as waves.(āϤ⧰āĻ‚āĻ— āĻšāĻŋāϚāĻžāĻĒ⧇ āϤāĻžāĻĒ āϏ⧋āϜāĻž ⧰⧇āĻ–āĻžāϤ āĻ—āϤāĻŋ āϕ⧰⧇āĨ¤)


5. Speed / āĻŦ⧇āĻ—


i. Convection (āϏāĻ‚āĻŦāĻšāύ)Comparatively slower. (āϤ⧁āϞāύāĻžāĻŽā§‚āϞāĻ•āĻ­āĻžā§ąā§‡ āϧ⧀⧰āĨ¤)


ii. Radiation (āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋā§°āĻŖ)Travels very fast. (āĻ…āĻ¤ā§āϝāĻ¨ā§āϤ āĻĻā§ā§°ā§āϤ āĻ—āϤāĻŋ āϕ⧰⧇āĨ¤)


6. Example / āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšā§°āĻŖ


i. Convection (āϏāĻ‚āĻŦāĻšāύ)Boiling water, sea breeze. (āωāϤāϞāĻž āĻĒāĻžāύ⧀, āϏāĻŽā§āĻĻā§ā§° āĻŦāϤāĻžāĻšāĨ¤)


ii. Radiation (āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋā§°āĻŖ)Heat from the Sun, heat from fire. (āĻ¸ā§‚ā§°ā§āϝ⧰ āϤāĻžāĻĒ, āϜ⧁āχ⧰ āϤāĻžāĻĒāĨ¤)


7. Use / āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšāĻžā§°


i. Convection (āϏāĻ‚āĻŦāĻšāύ) Ventilation, heating rooms. (āĻŦāĻžāϝāĻŧ⧁ āϚāϞāĻžāϚāϞ āφ⧰⧁ āϕ⧋āĻ āĻž āĻ—ā§°āĻŽ āϕ⧰āĻŋāĻŦāϞ⧈ āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšāĻžā§°āĨ¤)


ii. Radiation (āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋā§°āĻŖ)Solar cooker, feeling warmth from sunlight. (āĻ›’āϞāĻžā§° āϕ⧁āĻ•āĻžā§°, āĻ¸ā§‚ā§°ā§āϝ⧰ āĻĒā§‹āĻšā§°ā§° āωāĻˇā§āĻŖāϤāĻž āĻ…āύ⧁āĻ­ā§ą āϕ⧰āĻžāĨ¤)


Main Difference / āĻŽā§āĻ–ā§āϝ āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§āĻĨāĻ•ā§āϝ


i. Convection (āϏāĻ‚āĻŦāĻšāύ) → Heat transfer by movement of fluid (āϏāĻ‚āĻŦāĻšāύ → āϤāϰāϞ āĻŦāĻž āϗ⧇āϛ⧰ āĻ—āϤāĻŋā§° āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžā§°āĻž āϤāĻžāĻĒ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧰)


ii. Radiation (āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋā§°āĻŖ → Heat transfer by electromagnetic waves (āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋā§°āĻŖ → āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ¯ā§ā§Ž-āϚ⧁āĻŽā§āĻŦāϕ⧀āϝāĻŧ āϤ⧰āĻ‚āĻ—ā§° āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžā§°āĻž āϤāĻžāĻĒ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧰)


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MCQ on Convection vs Radiation (āϏāĻ‚āĻŦāĻšāύ āφ⧰⧁ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋā§°āĻŖā§° āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϤ MCQ)


1. Heat transfer by movement of fluid is called: (ā§§. āϤāϰāϞ āĻŦāĻž āϗ⧇āϛ⧰ āĻ—āϤāĻŋā§° āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžā§°āĻž āϤāĻžāĻĒ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧰āĻ• āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ•ā§‹ā§ąāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ ?)

(a) Conduction (b) Convection (c) Radiation (d) Reflection


Ans / āωāĻ¤ā§āϤ⧰: (b) Convection


Explanation / āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ–ā§āϝāĻž: Convection occurs when heat is transferred by the movement of liquids or gases. āϤāϰāϞ āĻŦāĻž āϗ⧇āϛ⧰ āĻ—āϤāĻŋā§° āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžā§°āĻž āϤāĻžāĻĒ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧰ āĻš’āϞ⧇ āϤāĻžāĻ• āϏāĻ‚āĻŦāĻšāύ āĻ•ā§‹ā§ąāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤


2. Which mode of heat transfer does not require any medium ? (⧍. āϕ⧋āύ āϤāĻžāĻĒ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧰ āĻĒāĻĻā§āϧāϤāĻŋāϤ āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻŽāĻžāĻ§ā§āϝāĻŽā§° āĻĒā§ā§°āϝāĻŧā§‹āϜāύ āύāĻšāϝāĻŧ ?)

(a) Conduction (b) Convection (c) Radiation (d) Evaporation


Ans / āωāĻ¤ā§āϤ⧰: (c) Radiation


Explanation / āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ–ā§āϝāĻž: Radiation can occur even in vacuum.(āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋā§°āĻŖ āĻļā§‚āĻ¨ā§āϝāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύāϤ⧋ āϘāϟāĻŋāĻŦ āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§‡āĨ¤)


3. Sea breeze is caused due to: ā§Š. āϏāĻŽā§āĻĻā§ā§° āĻŦāϤāĻžāĻš āĻ•āĻŋāĻšā§° āĻŦāĻžāĻŦ⧇ āϏ⧃āĻˇā§āϟāĻŋ āĻšāϝāĻŧ ?

(a) Radiation (b) Reflection (c) Convection (d) Refraction


Ans / āωāĻ¤ā§āϤ⧰: (c) Convection


Explanation / āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ–ā§āϝāĻž: Sea breeze is formed because of convection currents in air. (āĻŦāĻžāϝāĻŧ⧁āϤ āϏāĻ‚āĻŦāĻšāύ āϧāĻžā§°āĻžā§° āĻŦāĻžāĻŦ⧇ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĻā§ā§° āĻŦāϤāĻžāĻš āϏ⧃āĻˇā§āϟāĻŋ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤)


4. Heat from the Sun reaches the Earth by: (ā§Ē. āĻ¸ā§‚ā§°ā§āϝ⧰ āϤāĻžāĻĒ āĻĒ⧃āĻĨāĻŋā§ąā§€āϞ⧈ āϕ⧇āύ⧇āĻ•ā§ˆ āφāĻšā§‡ ?)

(a) Conduction (b) Convection (c) Radiation (d) Diffusion


Ans / āωāĻ¤ā§āϤ⧰: (c) Radiation


Explanation / āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ–ā§āϝāĻž: Space is a vacuum, so heat from the Sun reaches us through radiation. (āĻŽāĻšāĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻļā§‚āĻ¨ā§āϝāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύ āĻšā§‹ā§ąāĻžā§° āĻŦāĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻ¸ā§‚ā§°ā§āϝ⧰ āϤāĻžāĻĒ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋā§°āĻŖā§° āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžā§°āĻž āĻĒ⧃āĻĨāĻŋā§ąā§€āϞ⧈ āφāĻšā§‡āĨ¤)


5. Which of the following occurs only in fluids ? (ā§Ģ. āϤāϞ⧰ āϕ⧋āύāĻŸā§‹ āĻ•ā§‡ā§ąāϞ āϤāϰāϞ āφ⧰⧁ āϗ⧇āĻ›āϤ āϘāĻŸā§‡ ?)

(a) Radiation (b) Convection (c) Reflection (d) Refraction


Ans / āωāĻ¤ā§āϤ⧰: (b) Convection


Explanation / āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ–ā§āϝāĻž: Convection occurs only in liquids and gases. (āϏāĻ‚āĻŦāĻšāύ āĻ•ā§‡ā§ąāϞ āϤāϰāϞ āφ⧰⧁ āϗ⧇āĻ›āϤ āϘāĻŸā§‡āĨ¤)


6. In radiation, heat travels in the form of: (ā§Ŧ. āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋā§°āĻŖāϤ āϤāĻžāĻĒ āϕ⧇āύ⧇āĻ•ā§ˆ āĻ—āϤāĻŋ āϕ⧰⧇ ?)

(a) Particles (b) Sound waves (c) Electromagnetic waves (d) Water currents


Ans / āωāĻ¤ā§āϤ⧰: (c) Electromagnetic waves


Explanation / āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ–ā§āϝāĻž: Radiation transfers heat through electromagnetic waves. (āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋā§°āĻŖāϤ āϤāĻžāĻĒ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ¯ā§ā§Ž-āϚ⧁āĻŽā§āĻŦāϕ⧀āϝāĻŧ āϤ⧰āĻ‚āĻ—ā§° āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžā§°āĻž āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧰ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤)


7. Which method of heat transfer is fastest ? (ā§­. āϕ⧋āύ āϤāĻžāĻĒ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧰ āĻĒāĻĻā§āϧāϤāĻŋ āφāϟāĻžāχāϤāĻ•ā§ˆ āĻĻā§ā§°ā§āϤ ?)

(a) Conduction (b) Convection (c) Radiation (d) All are equal


Ans / āωāĻ¤ā§āϤ⧰: (c) Radiation


Explanation / āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ–ā§āϝāĻž: Radiation travels at the speed of light. (āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋā§°āĻŖ āĻĒā§‹āĻšā§°ā§° āĻŦ⧇āĻ—āϤ āĻ—āϤāĻŋ āϕ⧰⧇āĨ¤)


8. Boiling of water is an example of: (ā§Ž. āĻĒāĻžāύ⧀ āωāϤāĻ˛ā§‹ā§ąāĻž āϕ⧋āύ āϘāϟāύāĻžā§° āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšā§°āĻŖ ?)

(a) Radiation (b) Convection (c) Reflection (d) Refraction


Ans / āωāĻ¤ā§āϤ⧰: (b) Convection


Explanation / āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ–ā§āϝāĻž: During boiling, hot water rises and cold water sinks forming convection currents. āĻĒāĻžāύ⧀ āωāϤāϞāĻžā§° āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧāϤ āĻ—ā§°āĻŽ āĻĒāĻžāύ⧀ āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϞ⧈ āωāϠ⧇ āφ⧰⧁ āĻ āĻžāĻŖā§āĻĄāĻž āĻĒāĻžāύ⧀ āϤāϞāϞ⧈ āύāĻžāĻŽā§‡āĨ¤


9. Which device mainly uses radiation ? (⧝. āϕ⧋āύ āϝāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ā§°āϤ āĻŽā§‚āϞāϤāσ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋā§°āĻŖ āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšāĻžā§° āĻšāϝāĻŧ ?)

(a) Electric fan (b) Solar cooker (c) Water pump (d) Refrigerator


Ans / āωāĻ¤ā§āϤ⧰: (b) Solar cooker


Explanation / āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ–ā§āϝāĻž: A solar cooker uses heat from the Sun through radiation. (āĻ›’āϞāĻžā§° āϕ⧁āĻ•āĻžā§°ā§‡ āĻ¸ā§‚ā§°ā§āϝ⧰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋā§°āĻŋāϤ āϤāĻžāĻĒ āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšāĻžā§° āϕ⧰⧇āĨ¤)


10. Which statement is correct ? (ā§§ā§Ļ. āϕ⧋āύāĻŸā§‹ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ• ?)

(a) Radiation requires a medium  (b) Convection occurs in solids only
(c) Radiation can occur in vacuum  (d) Convection is faster than radiation


Ans / āωāĻ¤ā§āϤ⧰: (c) Radiation can occur in vacuum


Explanation / āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ–ā§āϝāĻž: Radiation does not need any material medium and can occur in vacuum. āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋā§°āĻŖā§° āĻŦāĻžāĻŦ⧇ āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻŽāĻžāĻ§ā§āϝāĻŽā§° āĻĒā§ā§°āϝāĻŧā§‹āϜāύ āύāĻšāϝāĻŧ āφ⧰⧁ āχ āĻļā§‚āĻ¨ā§āϝāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύāϤ⧋ āϘāϟāĻŋāĻŦ āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§‡āĨ¤