What is Thermal Expansion & Contraction ? :: āϤāĻžāĻĒā§āϝāĻŧ āĻĒā§ā§°āϏāĻžā§°āĻŖ āĻŦāύāĻžāĻŽ āϏāĻāĻā§āĻāύ
i. Thermal Expansion (āϤāĻžāĻĒā§āϝāĻŧ āĻĒā§ā§°āϏāĻžā§°āĻŖ) : Increase in size on heating. (āĻā§°āĻŽ āĻā§°āĻŋāϞ⧠āĻāĻāĻžā§° āĻŦā§āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋ āĻĒā§ā§ąāĻžāĨ¤)
ii. Contraction (āϏāĻāĻā§āĻāύ) : Decrease in size on cooling. (āĻ āĻžāĻŖā§āĻĄāĻž āĻā§°āĻŋāϞ⧠āĻāĻāĻžā§° āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āϝā§ā§ąāĻžāĨ¤)
2. Cause / āĻāĻžā§°āĻŖ
i. Thermal Expansion: Caused by rise in temperature. (āĻāώā§āĻŖāϤāĻž āĻŦā§āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋ āĻšā§ā§ąāĻžā§° āĻĢāϞāϤ āĻāĻā§āĨ¤)
ii. Contraction: Caused by fall in temperature. (āĻāώā§āĻŖāϤāĻž āĻšā§ā§°āĻžāϏ āĻšā§ā§ąāĻžā§° āĻĢāϞāϤ āĻāĻā§āĨ¤)
i. Thermal Expansion: Particles move farther apart. (āĻāĻŖāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ā§° āĻĻā§ā§°āϞ⧠āϏ⧰āĻŋ āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤)
i. Thermal Expansion: Railway tracks expand in summer. (āĻā§°āĻŽāĻāĻžāϞāϤ ā§°ā§āϞāϞāĻžāĻāύ āĻĒā§ā§°āϏāĻžā§°āĻŋāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤)
ii. Contraction: Metal objects shrink on cooling. (āĻ āĻžāĻŖā§āĻĄāĻž āĻā§°āĻŋāϞ⧠āϧāĻžāϤāĻŦ āĻŦāϏā§āϤ⧠āϏāĻāĻā§āĻāĻŋāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤)
iii.Thermal Expansion āĻĒā§ā§°āĻāĻžā§ą: Gaps are left in bridges and rails. (āĻŦā§ā§°ā§āĻ āĻā§°ā§ ā§°ā§āϞāϞāĻžāĻāύāϤ āĻĢāĻžāĻāĻ āĻā§°āĻŋ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤)
Contraction: Wires become tighter in winter. (āĻļā§āϤāĻāĻžāϞāϤ āϤāĻžāĻā§° āĻāĻžāύ āĻāĻžāύ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤)
ii. āϤāĻžāĻĒā§āϝāĻŧ āĻĒā§ā§°āϏāĻžā§°āĻŖ → āĻā§°āĻŽ āĻā§°āĻŋāϞ⧠āĻāĻāĻžā§° āĻŦā§āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋ iii. Contraction → Size decreases on cooling iv. āϏāĻāĻā§āĻāύ → āĻ āĻžāĻŖā§āĻĄāĻž āĻā§°āĻŋāϞ⧠āĻāĻāĻžā§° āĻšā§ā§°āĻžāϏ
MCQ on Thermal Expansion vs Contraction (āϤāĻžāĻĒā§āϝāĻŧ āĻĒā§ā§°āϏāĻžā§°āĻŖ āĻā§°ā§ āϏāĻāĻā§āĻāύ⧰ āĻāĻĒā§°āϤ MCQ)
1. Thermal expansion means: (ā§§. āϤāĻžāĻĒā§āϝāĻŧ āĻĒā§ā§°āϏāĻžā§°āĻŖ āĻŽāĻžāύ⧠āĻāĻŋ ?)
(a) Decrease in size on heating (b) Increase in size on heating
(c) Increase in size on cooling (d) Change in colour
Ans / āĻāϤā§āϤ⧰: (b) Increase in size on heating
Explanation / āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻž: When an object is heated, its size increases. This is called thermal expansion. (āĻā§āύ⧠āĻŦāϏā§āϤ⧠āĻā§°āĻŽ āĻā§°āĻŋāϞ⧠āĻāϝāĻŧāĻžā§° āĻāĻāĻžā§° āĻŦā§āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āĻāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻ āϤāĻžāĻĒā§āϝāĻŧ āĻĒā§ā§°āϏāĻžā§°āĻŖ āĻā§ā§ąāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤)
2. Contraction occurs due to: (⧍. āϏāĻāĻā§āĻāύ āĻāĻŋāĻšā§° āĻŦāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻāĻā§ ?)
(a) Rise in temperature (b) Heating only (c) Fall in temperature (d) Increase in pressure
Ans / āĻāϤā§āϤ⧰: (c) Fall in temperature
Explanation / āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻž: Objects contract when temperature decreases. (āĻāώā§āĻŖāϤāĻž āĻāĻŽāĻŋāϞ⧠āĻŦāϏā§āϤ⧠āϏāĻāĻā§āĻāĻŋāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤)
3. During thermal expansion, particles move: (ā§Š. āϤāĻžāĻĒā§āϝāĻŧ āĻĒā§ā§°āϏāĻžā§°āĻŖā§° āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧāϤ āĻāĻŖāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ā§° āĻā§āύā§āĻā§ āĻāϤāĻŋ āĻā§°ā§ ?)
(a) Closer together (b) Farther apart (c) Stop moving (d) Downward only
Ans / āĻāϤā§āϤ⧰: (b) Farther apart
Explanation / āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻž: Heating increases particle spacing. (āĻā§°āĻŽ āĻā§°āĻŋāϞ⧠āĻāĻŖāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ā§°ā§° āĻŽāĻžāĻā§° āĻĻā§ā§°āϤā§āĻŦ āĻŦā§āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤)
4. Railway tracks are provided with gaps because of: (ā§Ē. ā§°ā§āϞāϞāĻžāĻāύāϤ āĻĢāĻžāĻāĻ āĻā§°āĻŋ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻŋāĻšā§° āĻŦāĻžāĻŦā§ ?)
(a) Reflection (b) Expansion on heating (c) Magnetism (d) Cooling effect
Ans / āĻāϤā§āϤ⧰: (b) Expansion on heating
Explanation / āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻž: Railway tracks expand in summer, so gaps prevent bending. (āĻā§°āĻŽāϤ ā§°ā§āϞāϞāĻžāĻāύ āĻĒā§ā§°āϏāĻžā§°āĻŋāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ, āϏā§āϝāĻŧā§ āĻŦā§āĻāĻāĻž āύāĻš’āĻŦāϞ⧠āĻĢāĻžāĻāĻ ā§°āĻāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤)
5. Which of the following is an example of contraction ? (ā§Ģ. āϤāϞ⧰ āĻā§āύāĻā§ āϏāĻāĻā§āĻāύ⧰ āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšā§°āĻŖ ?)
(a) Expansion of rails (b) Melting of ice (c) Tightening of wires in winter (d) Boiling water
Ans / āĻāϤā§āϤ⧰: (c) Tightening of wires in winter
Explanation / āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻž: Cold weather causes wires to contract and become tight. (āĻ āĻžāĻŖā§āĻĄāĻžāϤ āϤāĻžāĻā§° āϏāĻāĻā§āĻāĻŋāϤ āĻšā§ āĻāĻžāύ āĻāĻžāύ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤)
6. Thermal expansion is mainly caused by: (ā§Ŧ. āϤāĻžāĻĒā§āϝāĻŧ āĻĒā§ā§°āϏāĻžā§°āĻŖ āĻŽā§āϞāϤāĻ āĻāĻŋāĻšā§° āĻŦāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻšāϝāĻŧ ?)
(a) Cooling (b) Rise in temperature (c) Freezing (d) Pressure decrease
Ans / āĻāϤā§āϤ⧰: (b) Rise in temperature
Explanation / āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻž: Heating increases kinetic energy and particle spacing. (āĻā§°āĻŽ āĻā§°āĻŋāϞ⧠āĻāĻŖāĻŋāĻāĻžā§° āĻāϤāĻŋ āĻā§°ā§ āĻĻā§ā§°āϤā§āĻŦ āĻŦā§āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤)
7. Which instrument uses thermal expansion ? (ā§. āĻā§āύ āϝāύā§āϤā§ā§°āϤ āϤāĻžāĻĒā§āϝāĻŧ āĻĒā§ā§°āϏāĻžā§°āĻŖ āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšāĻžā§° āĻā§°āĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ ?)
(a) Thermometer (b) Compass (c) Microscope (d) Telescope
Ans / āĻāϤā§āϤ⧰: (a) Thermometer
Explanation / āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻž: Thermometers work due to expansion of liquids like mercury or alcohol. (āĻĨāĻžā§°ā§āĻŽā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻāĻžā§° āϤ⧰āϞ⧰ āĻĒā§ā§°āϏāĻžā§°āĻŖā§° āύā§āϤāĻŋāϤ āĻāĻžāĻŽ āĻā§°ā§āĨ¤)
8. On cooling, the volume of most substances: (ā§Ž. āĻ āĻžāĻŖā§āĻĄāĻž āĻā§°āĻŋāϞ⧠āĻ āϧāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻāĻļ āĻĒāĻĻāĻžā§°ā§āĻĨā§° āĻāϝāĻŧāϤāύ -)
(a) Increases (b) Remains same (c) Decreases (d) Doubles
Ans / āĻāϤā§āϤ⧰: (c) Decreases
Explanation / āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻž: Cooling causes contraction, reducing volume. (āĻ āĻžāĻŖā§āĻĄāĻž āĻā§°āĻŋāϞ⧠āϏāĻāĻā§āĻāύ āĻšāϝāĻŧ āĻā§°ā§ āĻāϝāĻŧāϤāύ āĻāĻŽā§āĨ¤)
9. Shrink fitting is based on: (⧝. āĻļā§ā§°āĻŋāĻāĻ āĻĢāĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻ āĻā§āύ āύā§āϤāĻŋāϤ āĻāĻŋāϤā§āϤāĻŋ āĻā§°āĻŋ āĻā§°āĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ ?)
(a) Reflection (b) Contraction (c) Refraction (d) Magnetism
Ans / āĻāϤā§āϤ⧰: (b) Contraction
Explanation / āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻž: Objects are cooled to contract and fit tightly. (āĻŦāϏā§āϤ⧠āĻ āĻžāĻŖā§āĻĄāĻž āĻā§°āĻŋ āϏāĻāĻā§āĻāĻŋāϤ āĻā§°āĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ āϝāĻžāϤ⧠āĻāĻžāĻāĻāĻā§ āĻĢāĻŋāĻ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤)
10. Which statement is correct ? (ā§§ā§Ļ. āĻā§āύāĻā§ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ ?)
(a) Heating causes contraction (b) Cooling causes expansion
(c) Thermal expansion increases size (d) Contraction increases volume
Ans / āĻāϤā§āϤ⧰: (c) Thermal expansion increases size
Explanation / āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻž: Thermal expansion means increase in size due to heating. (āϤāĻžāĻĒā§āϝāĻŧ āĻĒā§ā§°āϏāĻžā§°āĻŖ āĻŽāĻžāύ⧠āĻā§°āĻŽ āĻā§°āĻžā§° āĻĢāϞāϤ āĻāĻāĻžā§° āĻŦā§āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋ āĻĒā§ā§ąāĻžāĨ¤)