What is Velocity(āĻŦ⧇āĻ—) & Acceleration(āĻ¤ā§āĻŦā§°āĻŖ)












What is Velocity ? / āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āĻ•āĻŋ ?

Velocity tells us how fast an object moves and in which direction. (āĻŦ⧇āϗ⧇ āφāĻŽāĻžāĻ• āĻ•āϝāĻŧ āϝ⧇ āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁ āĻ•āĻŋāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻĻā§ā§°ā§āϤ āφ⧰⧁ āϕ⧋āύ āĻĻāĻŋāĻļāϤ āĻ—āϤāĻŋ āϕ⧰āĻŋ āφāϛ⧇āĨ¤)



  • It is a vector quantity. (āχ āĻāϟāĻž āϭ⧇āĻ•ā§āϟ⧰ ā§°āĻžāĻļāĻŋ (Vector Quantity)āĨ¤)

  • It has both magnitude and direction.{āχāϝāĻŧāĻžāϤ āĻŽāĻžāύ (Magnitude) āφ⧰⧁ āĻĻāĻŋāĻļ (Direction)} āĻĻ⧁āϝāĻŧā§‹āϟāĻžāχ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇āĨ¤


Formula / āϏ⧂āĻ¤ā§ā§°Velocity = Displacement / Time


Unit / āĻāĻ•āĻ•: m/s, km/h


Example / āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšā§°āĻŖ: A car moves at 20 m/s east. (āĻāĻ–āύ āĻ—āĻžāĻĄāĻŧā§€ āĻĒā§‚āĻŦ āĻĻāĻŋāĻļāϞ⧈ 20 m/s āĻŦ⧇āϗ⧇ āĻ—āϤāĻŋ āϕ⧰āĻŋāϛ⧇āĨ¤)


Velocity20 m/s east (āĻŦ⧇āĻ— = 20 m/s āĻĒā§‚āĻŦ āĻĻāĻŋāĻļ⧇)


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What is Acceleration ?  / āĻ¤ā§āĻŦā§°āĻŖ āĻ•āĻŋ ?


Acceleration tells us how quickly velocity changes. (āĻ¤ā§āĻŦā§°āϪ⧇ āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āĻ•āĻŋāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻĻā§ā§°ā§āϤ āϏāϞāύāĻŋ āĻšāϝāĻŧ āϤāĻžāĻ• āĻŦ⧁āϜāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤)

  • It can mean speeding up, slowing down, or changing direction.

  • It is a vector quantity.


Formula / āϏ⧂āĻ¤ā§ā§° : Acceleration = Change in Velocity ÷ Time 


Unit / āĻāĻ•āĻ•: m/s²


āĻ¤ā§āĻŦā§°āĻŖ āĻ•āĻŋ ?



  • āĻ¤ā§āĻŦā§°āϪ⧇ āφāĻŽāĻžāĻ• āĻ•āϝāĻŧ āϝ⧇ āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āĻ•āĻŋāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻĻā§ā§°ā§āϤ āϏāϞāύāĻŋ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤

  • āχ āĻ—āϤāĻŋ āĻŦ⧃āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋ, āĻ—āϤāĻŋ āĻšā§ā§°āĻžāϏ āĻŦāĻž āĻĻāĻŋāĻļ āϏāϞāύāĻŋ āĻŦ⧁āϜāĻžāĻŦ āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§‡āĨ¤

  • āχ āĻāϟāĻž āϭ⧇āĻ•ā§āϟ⧰ ā§°āĻžāĻļāĻŋ (Vector Quantity)āĨ¤


āĻ¤ā§āĻŦā§°āĻŖ = āĻŦ⧇āĻ—ā§° āĻĒā§°āĻŋāĻŦā§°ā§āϤāύ ÷ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ


āϏāĻžāϧāĻžā§°āĻŖ āĻāĻ•āĻ•: m/s²


Example / āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšā§°āĻŖ: A car changes from 10 m/s east to 20 m/s east in 5 s. (āĻāĻ–āύ āĻ—āĻžāĻĄāĻŧ⧀⧰ āĻŦ⧇āĻ— 10 m/s āĻĒā§‚āĻŦā§° āĻĒā§°āĻž 20 m/s āĻĒā§‚āĻŦāϞ⧈ 5 āϛ⧇āϕ⧇āĻŖā§āĻĄāϤ āĻŦ⧃āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤)


Formula / āϏ⧂āĻ¤ā§ā§° : Acceleration = Change in Velocity / Time


A = (20 − 10)/5 = 2 m/s2


Acceleration = 2 m/s² east (āĻ¤ā§āĻŦā§°āĻŖ = 2 m/s² āĻĒā§‚āĻŦ āĻĻāĻŋāĻļ⧇)


What's the Difference ? / āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§āĻĨāĻ•ā§āϝ āĻ•āĻŋ ?


Velocity (āĻŦ⧇āĻ—) = Speed + Direction // (āĻŦ⧇āĻ— = āĻĻā§ā§°ā§āϤāĻŋ + āĻĻāĻŋāĻļ)


Acceleration (āĻ¤ā§āĻŦā§°āĻŖ) = Change in Velocity ÷ Time //(āĻ¤ā§āĻŦā§°āĻŖ = āĻŦ⧇āĻ—ā§° āĻĒā§°āĻŋāĻŦā§°ā§āϤāύ ÷ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ)


Difference between āĻŦ⧇āĻ— (Velocity) vs āĻ¤ā§āĻŦā§°āĻŖ (Acceleration) : Click Here

 

 Trick / āĻ•ā§ŒāĻļāϞ



  • Velocity → How fast + Which direction ? (āĻŦ⧇āĻ— → āĻ•āĻŋāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻĻā§ā§°ā§āϤ + āϕ⧋āύ āĻĻāĻŋāĻļ ?)

  • Acceleration → How quickly velocity changes ? (āĻ¤ā§āĻŦā§°āĻŖ → āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āĻ•āĻŋāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻĻā§ā§°ā§āϤ āϏāϞāύāĻŋ āĻšāϝāĻŧ ?)


MCQ / āĻŦāĻšā§-āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻ˛ā§āĻĒā§€ āĻĒā§ā§°āĻļā§āύ :: Velocity vs Acceleration MCQ :: āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āφ⧰⧁ āĻ¤ā§āĻŦā§°āĻŖ MCQ

Q. A bike moves at 50 km/h towards north. What is it ? (āĻĒā§ā§°āĻļā§āύāσ āĻāĻ–āύ āĻŦāĻžāχāĻ• 50 km/h āĻŦ⧇āϗ⧇ āωāĻ¤ā§āϤ⧰ āĻĻāĻŋāĻļāϞ⧈ āĻ—āϤāĻŋ āϕ⧰āĻŋāϛ⧇āĨ¤ āχ āĻ•āĻŋ ?)


(a) Speed (āĻĻā§ā§°ā§āϤāĻŋ)  (b) Distance (āĻĻā§‚ā§°āĻ¤ā§āĻŦ)  (c) Velocity (āĻŦ⧇āĻ—)   (d) Acceleration (āĻ¤ā§āĻŦā§°āĻŖ)


Ans / āωāĻ¤ā§āϤ⧰: (c) Velocity (āĻŦ⧇āĻ—)


Explanation / āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ–ā§āϝāĻž: Direction (north) is given, so it is velocity. āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ–ā§āϝāĻž: āχāϝāĻŧāĻžāϤ āĻĻāĻŋāĻļ (āωāĻ¤ā§āϤ⧰) āωāĻ˛ā§āϞ⧇āĻ– āφāϛ⧇, āϏ⧇āϝāĻŧ⧇ āχ āĻŦ⧇āĻ— (Velocity)āĨ¤

















1. Velocity is defined as: (ā§§. āĻŦ⧇āĻ—āĻ• āĻ•āĻŋ āĻŦ⧁āϞāĻŋ āϏāĻ‚āĻœā§āĻžāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻŋāϤ āϕ⧰āĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ ?)


(a) Distance ÷ Time  (b) Speed + Direction  (c) Force × Time  (d) Mass × Velocity


Ans / āωāĻ¤ā§āϤ⧰: (b) Speed + Direction


Explanation / āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ–ā§āϝāĻž: Velocity includes both speed and direction. (āĻŦ⧇āĻ—āϤ āĻĻā§ā§°ā§āϤāĻŋ āφ⧰⧁ āĻĻāĻŋāĻļ āĻĻ⧁āϝāĻŧā§‹āϟāĻžāχ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇āĨ¤)


2. Acceleration is the rate of change of: ⧍. āĻ¤ā§āĻŦā§°āĻŖ āĻ•āĻŋāĻšā§° āĻĒā§°āĻŋāĻŦā§°ā§āϤāύ⧰ āĻšāĻžā§° ?

(a) Distance  (b) Speed  (c) Velocity  (d) Force


Ans / āωāĻ¤ā§āϤ⧰: (c) Velocity


Explanation / āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ–ā§āϝāĻž: Acceleration measures how quickly velocity changes. (āĻ¤ā§āĻŦā§°āϪ⧇ āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āĻ•āĻŋāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻĻā§ā§°ā§āϤ āϏāϞāύāĻŋ āĻšāϝāĻŧ āϤāĻžāĻ• āĻŦ⧁āϜāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤)


3. The SI unit of velocity is: (ā§Š. āĻŦ⧇āĻ—ā§° SI āĻāĻ•āĻ• āĻ•āĻŋ ?)

(a) m/s²  (b) km/h   (c) m/s  (d) N


Ans / āωāĻ¤ā§āϤ⧰: (c) m/s


4. The SI unit of acceleration is: ā§Ē. āĻ¤ā§āĻŦā§°āĻŖā§° SI āĻāĻ•āĻ• āĻ•āĻŋ ?

(a) m/s   (b) m/s²   (c) km/h   (d) N


Ans / āωāĻ¤ā§āϤ⧰: (b) m/s²


5. Which of the following is an example of velocity? ā§Ģ. āϤāϞ⧰ āϕ⧋āύāĻŸā§‹ āĻŦ⧇āĻ—ā§° āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšā§°āĻŖ ?

(a) 60 km/h   (b) 10 m/s east   (c) 5 m   (d) 20 s


Ans / āωāĻ¤ā§āϤ⧰: (b) 10 m/s east


Explanation / āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ–ā§āϝāĻž: Direction is given, so it is velocity. (āĻĻāĻŋāĻļ āωāĻ˛ā§āϞ⧇āĻ– āφāϛ⧇, āϏ⧇āϝāĻŧ⧇ āχ āĻŦ⧇āĻ—āĨ¤)


6. Which quantity is a vector ? (ā§Ŧ. āϤāϞ⧰ āϕ⧋āύāĻŸā§‹ āϭ⧇āĻ•ā§āϟ⧰ ā§°āĻžāĻļāĻŋ ?)

(a) Distance   (b) Time  (c) Velocity  (d) Mass


Ans / āωāĻ¤ā§āϤ⧰: (c) Velocity













Explanation / āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ–ā§āϝāĻž:  Velocity is a vector quantity because it has direction.


Example: 20 m/s east, Here, both speed (20 m/s) and direction (east) are given.


āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ–ā§āϝāĻž: āĻŦ⧇āĻ— (Velocity) āĻāϟāĻž āϭ⧇āĻ•ā§āϟ⧰ ā§°āĻžāĻļāĻŋ āĻ•āĻžā§°āĻŖ āχāϝāĻŧāĻžāϤ āĻĻāĻŋāĻļ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇āĨ¤ āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšā§°āĻŖ: 20 m/s āĻĒā§‚āĻŦ āĻĻāĻŋāĻļ⧇, āχāϝāĻŧāĻžāϤ āĻĻā§ā§°ā§āϤāĻŋ (20 m/s) āφ⧰⧁ āĻĻāĻŋāĻļ (āĻĒā§‚āĻŦ) āĻĻ⧁āϝāĻŧā§‹āϟāĻžāχ āωāĻ˛ā§āϞ⧇āĻ– āφāϛ⧇āĨ¤


āϏ⧇āϝāĻŧ⧇āĻšā§‡, Velocity = Vector Quantity













7. A car changes its velocity from 10 m/s to 20 m/s in 5 s. Its acceleration is: (ā§­. āĻāĻ–āύ āĻ—āĻžāĻĄāĻŧ⧀⧰ āĻŦ⧇āĻ— 10 m/s ā§° āĻĒā§°āĻž 20 m/s āĻšāϝāĻŧ 5 s āϤāĨ¤ āĻ¤ā§āĻŦā§°āĻŖ āĻ•āĻŋāĻŽāĻžāύ ?)

(a) 1 m/s²   (b) 2 m/s²   (c) 5 m/s²   (d) 10 m/s²


Ans / āωāĻ¤ā§āϤ⧰: (b) 2 m/s²


Explanation / āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ–ā§āϝāĻž:  Formula / āϏ⧂āĻ¤ā§ā§° : Acceleration = Change in Velocity / Time Acceleration = (20 − 10) ÷ 5 = 2 m/s²


8. If an object moves with constant velocity, its acceleration is: (ā§Ž. āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋā§° āĻŦ⧇āϗ⧇ āĻ—āϤāĻŋ āϕ⧰⧇, āϤ⧇āĻ¨ā§āϤ⧇ āϤāĻžā§° āĻ¤ā§āĻŦā§°āĻŖ āĻ•āĻŋāĻŽāĻžāύ ?)

(a) 1 m/s²  (b) Infinite   (c) Zero   (d) Negative


Ans / āωāĻ¤ā§āϤ⧰: (c) Zero


Explanation / āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ–ā§āϝāĻž:  Acceleration is the change in velocity. If velocity remains constant (does not change), then there is no acceleration.


āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ–ā§āϝāĻž: āĻ¤ā§āĻŦā§°āĻŖ āĻšā§ˆāϛ⧇ āĻŦ⧇āĻ—ā§° āĻĒā§°āĻŋāĻŦā§°ā§āϤāύ⧰ āĻšāĻžā§°āĨ¤ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋā§° āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇ (āϏāϞāύāĻŋ āύāĻšāϝāĻŧ), āϤ⧇āĻ¨ā§āϤ⧇ āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻ¤ā§āĻŦā§°āĻŖ āύāĻžāĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇āĨ¤ Therefore / āϏ⧇āϝāĻŧ⧇āĻšā§‡, Acceleration = 0 (Zero).


Example / āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšā§°āĻŖ: A car moves at 20 m/s east all the time. Its velocity does not change.


Acceleration = 0 m/s².


9. Which quantity requires direction ? (⧝. āϤāϞ⧰ āϕ⧋āύāĻŸā§‹ ā§°āĻžāĻļāĻŋā§° āĻŦāĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻĻāĻŋāĻļā§° āĻĒā§ā§°āϝāĻŧā§‹āϜāύ ?)

(a) Distance  (b) Speed   (c) Velocity  (d) Time


Ans / āωāĻ¤ā§āϤ⧰: (c) Velocity













Explanation / āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ–ā§āϝāĻž:  Velocity requires direction because it tells us how fast an object is moving and in which direction. Ex: 30 km/h north, Without direction, it is only speed, not velocity.


āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ–ā§āϝāĻž: āĻŦ⧇āĻ— (Velocity) ā§° āĻŦāĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻĻāĻŋāĻļā§° āĻĒā§ā§°āϝāĻŧā§‹āϜāύ āĻšāϝāĻŧ, āĻ•āĻžā§°āĻŖ āχ āφāĻŽāĻžāĻ• āĻ•āϝāĻŧ āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁ āĻāϟāĻž āĻ•āĻŋāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻĻā§ā§°ā§āϤ āφ⧰⧁ āϕ⧋āύ āĻĻāĻŋāĻļāϤ āĻ—āϤāĻŋ āϕ⧰āĻŋāϛ⧇āĨ¤ āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšā§°āĻŖ: 30 km/h āωāĻ¤ā§āϤ⧰ āĻĻāĻŋāĻļ⧇


āĻĻāĻŋāĻļ āωāĻ˛ā§āϞ⧇āĻ– āύāĻžāĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻŋāϞ⧇ āχ āĻ•ā§‡ā§ąāϞ āĻĻā§ā§°ā§āϤāĻŋ (Speed) āĻš'āĻŦ, āĻŦ⧇āĻ— (Velocity) āύāĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤


Trick / āĻ•ā§ŒāĻļāϞ: Direction needed → Velocity {āĻĻāĻŋāĻļ āϞāĻžāĻ—āĻŋāĻŦ → Velocity (āĻŦ⧇āĻ—)}













10. A bike moving at 50 km/h north is an example of: (ā§§ā§Ļ. āĻāĻ–āύ āĻŦāĻžāχāĻ• 50 km/h āĻŦ⧇āϗ⧇ āωāĻ¤ā§āϤ⧰ āĻĻāĻŋāĻļāϞ⧈ āĻ—āϤāĻŋ āϕ⧰āĻŋāϛ⧇āĨ¤ āχ āĻ•āĻŋ ?)


(a) Speed  (b) Distance  (c) Velocity   (d) Acceleration


Ans / āωāĻ¤ā§āϤ⧰: (c) Velocity


Explanation / āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ–ā§āϝāĻž: North direction is given. Therefore, it is velocity. (āωāĻ¤ā§āϤ⧰ āĻĻāĻŋāĻļ āωāĻ˛ā§āϞ⧇āĻ– āϕ⧰āĻž āĻšā§ˆāϛ⧇āĨ¤ āϏ⧇āϝāĻŧ⧇ āχ āĻŦ⧇āĻ— (Velocity)āĨ¤)