3rd Chapter. Journey to the End of the Earth : MCQ & Question Answer
Journey to the End of the Earth is a travelogue written by Tishani Doshi. In this chapter, the author describes her journey to Antarctica, the coldest, driest, and windiest continent on Earth.
The author travelled from Madras (Chennai) to Antarctica by crossing many time zones, water bodies, and ecosystems. When she finally reached Antarctica, she was amazed by its vast white landscape, silence, and beauty.
The chapter explains that about 650 million years ago, Antarctica was part of the giant supercontinent Gondwana, which also included India, Africa, Australia, and South America. Over millions of years, these landmasses separated and formed the continents we know today.
The author explains that Antarctica is like a living laboratory where scientists can study the Earth's past, present, and future. The ice sheets contain records of climate changes that occurred over hundreds of thousands of years.
The chapter also discusses the harmful effects of global warming and climate change. Human activities, especially the burning of fossil fuels, have increased carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere, causing the Earth's temperature to rise.
The author joined the Students on Ice programme, led by Geoff Green, which takes students to Antarctica to educate them about environmental issues. The programme helps young people understand the importance of protecting the planet.
The author highlights the importance of phytoplankton, tiny marine plants that form the base of the Southern Ocean food chain. Any damage to them can affect the entire ecosystem.
One of the most memorable experiences of the journey was walking on the thick sea ice near the Antarctic Circle. This experience made the author realize that everything in nature is interconnected.
The chapter concludes with a message that even small actions can make a big difference in protecting the environment. Young people have the power to create a better future for the Earth.
Journey to the End of the Earth
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Journey to the End of the Earth – PYQ MCQs
1. Who is the author of Journey to the End of the Earth ? (ā§§. Journey to the End of the Earth ā§° āĻ˛ā§āĻāĻ āĻā§āĻ¨ ?)
(a) Kalki (b) Tishani Doshi (c) Kamala Das (d) Adrienne Rich
Ans / āĻāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§°: (b) Tishani Doshi
Explanation: The chapter is a travelogue written by Tishani Doshi. āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻā§āĻ¯āĻž: āĻāĻ āĻ āĻ§ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻā§ āĻ¤āĻŋāĻļāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻĻā§āĻļā§āĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻ˛āĻŋāĻāĻž āĻāĻāĻž āĻā§ā§°āĻŽāĻŖ āĻāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĨ¤
2. Which continent did the author visit ? (ā§¨. āĻ˛ā§āĻāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻ āĻā§āĻ¨ āĻŽāĻšāĻžāĻĻā§āĻļ āĻā§ā§°āĻŽāĻŖ āĻā§°āĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻ˛ ?)
(a) Asia (b) Africa (c) Antarctica (d) Europe
Ans / āĻāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§°: (c) Antarctica
Explanation: The journey described in the chapter is to Antarctica. āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻā§āĻ¯āĻž: āĻ āĻ§ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻŖā§āĻāĻžā§°ā§āĻāĻāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻ˛ā§ āĻā§°āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¤ā§ā§°āĻžā§° āĻŦā§°ā§āĻŖāĻ¨āĻž āĻāĻā§āĨ¤
3. Antarctica is the ______ continent in the world. (ā§Š. āĻāĻŖā§āĻāĻžā§°ā§āĻāĻāĻŋāĻāĻž āĻĒā§āĻĨāĻŋā§ąā§ā§° ______ āĻŽāĻšāĻžāĻĻā§āĻļāĨ¤)
(a) Hottest (b) Largest (c) Coldest (d) Smallest
Ans / āĻāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§°: (c) Coldest
Explanation: Antarctica is the coldest, driest and windiest continent. āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻā§āĻ¯āĻž: āĻāĻŖā§āĻāĻžā§°ā§āĻāĻāĻŋāĻāĻž āĻĒā§āĻĨāĻŋā§ąā§ā§° āĻāĻāĻžāĻāĻ¤āĻā§ āĻ āĻžāĻŖā§āĻĄāĻž, āĻļā§āĻāĻžāĻ¨ āĻā§°ā§ āĻŦāĻ¤āĻžāĻšāĻ¯ā§āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻŽāĻšāĻžāĻĻā§āĻļāĨ¤
4. Gondwana existed about ______ years ago. (ā§Ē. āĻāĻŖā§āĻĄā§ąāĻžāĻ¨āĻž āĻĒā§ā§°āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ ______ āĻŦāĻā§° āĻāĻāĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻāĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤)
(a) 65 million (b) 650 million (c) 6.5 million (d) 650 thousand
Ans / āĻāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§°: (b) 650 million
Explanation: Gondwana existed around 650 million years ago. āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻā§āĻ¯āĻž: āĻāĻŖā§āĻĄā§ąāĻžāĻ¨āĻž āĻĒā§ā§°āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ ā§Ŧā§Ģ āĻā§āĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻā§° āĻāĻāĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻāĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤
5. Gondwana was a: (ā§Ģ. āĻāĻŖā§āĻĄā§ąāĻžāĻ¨āĻž āĻāĻāĻŋāĻ˛—)
(a) River (b) Ocean (c) Supercontinent (d) Glacier
Ans / āĻāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§°: (c) Supercontinent
Explanation: Gondwana was a giant southern supercontinent. āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻā§āĻ¯āĻž: āĻāĻŖā§āĻĄā§ąāĻžāĻ¨āĻž āĻāĻāĻŋāĻ˛ āĻāĻ āĻŦā§āĻšā§ āĻĻāĻā§āĻˇāĻŋāĻŖā§ āĻŽāĻšāĻžāĻĻā§āĻļāĨ¤
6. What percentage of Earth's ice volume is stored in Antarctica ? (ā§Ŧ. āĻĒā§āĻĨāĻŋā§ąā§ā§° āĻŽā§āĻ āĻŦā§°āĻĢā§° āĻāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻļāĻ¤āĻžāĻāĻļ āĻāĻŖā§āĻāĻžā§°ā§āĻāĻāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻ¤ āĻāĻā§ ?)
(a) 50% (b) 60% (c) 75% (d) 90%
Ans / āĻāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§°: (d) 90%
Explanation: Antarctica stores about 90% of the Earth's total ice. āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻā§āĻ¯āĻž: āĻĒā§āĻĨāĻŋā§ąā§ā§° āĻŽā§āĻ āĻŦā§°āĻĢā§° āĻĒā§ā§°āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ ā§¯ā§Ļ% āĻāĻŖā§āĻāĻžā§°ā§āĻāĻāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻ¤ āĻāĻā§āĨ¤
7. What is the main environmental issue discussed in the chapter ? (ā§. āĻ āĻ§ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻŽā§āĻā§āĻ¯ āĻĒā§°āĻŋā§ąā§āĻļāĻāĻ¤ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¸ā§āĻ¯āĻž āĻāĻŋ ?)
(a) Deforestation (b) Air Pollution (c) Global Warming (d) Acid Rain
Ans / āĻāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§°: (c) Global Warming
Explanation: The chapter mainly focuses on climate change and global warming. āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻā§āĻ¯āĻž: āĻ āĻ§ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻā§ā§° āĻŽā§āĻ˛ āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻšā§āĻā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦ āĻāĻˇā§āĻŖāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¨ āĻā§°ā§ āĻāĻ˛āĻŦāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻĒā§°āĻŋā§ąā§°ā§āĻ¤āĻ¨āĨ¤
8. What are phytoplankton ? (ā§Ž. Phytoplankton āĻāĻŋ ?)
(a) Fish (b) Birds (c) Single-celled plants (d) Insects
Ans / āĻāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§°: (c) Single-celled plants
Explanation: They are microscopic marine plants that support ocean life. āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻā§āĻ¯āĻž: āĻāĻāĻŦā§ā§° āĻ āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ¸ā§°ā§ āĻ¸āĻžāĻŽā§āĻĻā§ā§°āĻŋāĻ āĻāĻĻā§āĻāĻŋāĻĻ āĻ¯āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻ¸āĻžāĻŽā§āĻĻā§ā§°āĻŋāĻ āĻā§ā§ąāĻ¨āĻ āĻāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻ ā§°āĻžāĻā§āĨ¤
9. Who headed the “Students on Ice” programme ? (ā§¯. “Students on Ice” āĻāĻžā§°ā§āĻ¯āĻ¸ā§āĻā§ā§° āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦ āĻā§āĻ¨ā§ āĻĻāĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻ˛ ?)
(a) Charles Darwin (b) Geoff Green (c) Tishani Doshi (d) Captain Scott
Ans / āĻāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§°: (b) Geoff Green
Explanation: Geoff Green started and led the programme. āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻā§āĻ¯āĻž: āĻā§āĻĢ āĻā§ā§°ā§āĻ¨ā§ āĻāĻ āĻāĻžā§°ā§āĻ¯āĻ¸ā§āĻā§ āĻā§°āĻŽā§āĻ āĻā§°āĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻ˛ āĻā§°ā§ āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦ āĻĻāĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤
10. Why was the Students on Ice programme started ? (ā§§ā§Ļ. Students on Ice āĻāĻžā§°ā§āĻ¯āĻ¸ā§āĻā§ āĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻā§°āĻŽā§āĻ āĻā§°āĻž āĻšā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛ ?)
(a) Tourism (b) Entertainment (c) Environmental education (d) Scientific competition
Ans / āĻāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§°: (c) Environmental education
Explanation: It aims to create awareness among young people about environmental issues. āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻā§āĻ¯āĻž: āĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžā§° āĻ˛āĻā§āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻšā§āĻā§ āĻ¯ā§ā§ą āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻāĻ āĻĒā§°āĻŋā§ąā§āĻļā§° āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻ¸āĻāĻžāĻ āĻā§°āĻžāĨ¤
11. Antarctica has never: (ā§§ā§§. āĻāĻŖā§āĻāĻžā§°ā§āĻāĻāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻ¤ āĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ - )
(a) Snowfall occurred (b) Sustained a human population (c) Scientists visited (d) Animals lived
Ans / āĻāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§°: (b) Sustained a human population
Explanation: Antarctica has never had a permanent human population. āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻā§āĻ¯āĻž: āĻāĻŖā§āĻāĻžā§°ā§āĻāĻāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻ¤ āĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§ą āĻāĻ¨āĻ¸āĻāĻā§āĻ¯āĻž āĻ¨āĻžāĻāĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤
12. What is trapped in Antarctica’s ice cores ? (ā§§ā§¨. āĻāĻŖā§āĻāĻžā§°ā§āĻāĻāĻŋāĻāĻžā§° āĻŦā§°āĻĢā§° āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§°āĻ¤ āĻāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻā§°āĻā§āĻˇāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻāĻā§ ?)
(a) Fossils (b) Carbon records (c) Minerals (d) Gold
Ans / āĻāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§°: (b) Carbon records
Explanation: Ice cores contain ancient carbon records useful for climate studies. āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻā§āĻ¯āĻž: āĻŦā§°āĻĢā§° āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§°āĻ¤ āĻĒā§ā§°āĻŖāĻŋ āĻāĻžā§°ā§āĻŦāĻ¨ā§° āĻ¤āĻĨā§āĻ¯ āĻ¸āĻā§°āĻā§āĻˇāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻāĻā§āĨ¤
13. The ozone layer depletion affects: ā§§ā§Š. āĻāĻā§āĻ¨ āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§°ā§° āĻā§āĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻĒā§ā§°āĻāĻžā§ąāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻā§°ā§ ?
(a) Mountains (b) Phytoplankton (c) Rivers (d) Volcanoes
Ans / āĻāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§°: (b) Phytoplankton
Explanation: Scientists warn that ozone depletion harms phytoplankton. āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻā§āĻ¯āĻž: āĻŦāĻŋāĻā§āĻāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¸āĻāĻ˛ā§ āĻā§āĻā§ āĻ¯ā§ āĻāĻā§āĻ¨ āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§°ā§° āĻā§āĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧā§ phytoplankton āĻ āĻā§āĻˇāĻ¤āĻŋ āĻā§°ā§āĨ¤
14. What lesson does the phytoplankton example teach ? (ā§§ā§Ē. Phytoplankton ā§° āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšā§°āĻŖā§ āĻāĻŋ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āĻˇāĻž āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§ ?)
(a) Big animals are important (b) Oceans are dangerous (c) Small things matter greatly (d) Climate change is impossible
Ans / āĻāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§°: (c) Small things matter greatly
Explanation: Small organisms play a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance. āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻā§āĻ¯āĻž: āĻ¸ā§°ā§ āĻā§ā§ąāĻŦā§ā§°ā§āĻ āĻĒā§°āĻŋā§ąā§āĻļā§° āĻāĻžā§°āĻ¸āĻžāĻŽā§āĻ¯ ā§°āĻā§āĻˇāĻžāĻ¤ āĻā§ā§°ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§ā§°ā§āĻŖ āĻā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻāĻž āĻĒāĻžāĻ˛āĻ¨ āĻā§°ā§āĨ¤
15. What is the central theme of the chapter?(ā§§ā§Ģ. āĻ āĻ§ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻā§ā§° āĻŽā§āĻā§āĻ¯ āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧāĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻŋ?)
(a) Adventure Tourism (b) Wildlife Protection (c) Environmental Awareness and Ecological Balance (d) Space Exploration
Ans / āĻāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§°: (c) Environmental Awareness and Ecological Balance
Explanation: The chapter highlights the need to protect the environment and maintain ecological balance. āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻā§āĻ¯āĻž: āĻāĻ āĻ āĻ§ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¤ āĻĒā§°āĻŋā§ąā§āĻļ āĻ¸ā§ā§°āĻā§āĻˇāĻž āĻā§°ā§ āĻĒā§°āĻŋā§ąā§āĻļāĻāĻ¤ āĻāĻžā§°āĻ¸āĻžāĻŽā§āĻ¯ ā§°āĻā§āĻˇāĻžā§° āĻĒā§ā§°āĻ¯āĻŧā§āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¤āĻžā§° āĻāĻĒā§°āĻ¤ āĻā§ā§°ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻšā§āĻā§āĨ¤
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Q: How do geological phenomena help us to know about the history of humankind ? āĻā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ āĻāĻāĻ¨āĻžāĻŦā§ā§°ā§ (Geological phenomena) āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻšāĻāĻžāĻ¤āĻŋā§° āĻāĻ¤āĻŋāĻšāĻžāĻ¸ āĻāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋāĻŦāĻ˛ā§ āĻā§āĻ¨ā§āĻā§ āĻ¸āĻšāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻā§°ā§ ?
Ans: Geological phenomena help us understand the history of humankind by revealing the changes that have taken place on Earth over millions of years. The study of rocks, fossils, ice cores, and landforms provides information about the evolution of continents, climate changes, and the development of life on Earth. This helps us trace the origins and progress of human civilization.
āĻāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§°: āĻā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ āĻāĻāĻ¨āĻžāĻŦā§ā§°ā§ āĻĒā§āĻĨāĻŋā§ąā§āĻ¤ āĻ˛āĻžāĻ āĻ˛āĻžāĻ āĻŦāĻā§°ā§° āĻāĻŋāĻ¤ā§°āĻ¤ āĻšā§ā§ąāĻž āĻĒā§°āĻŋā§ąā§°ā§āĻ¤āĻ¨āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻšā§° āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻ¤āĻĨā§āĻ¯ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§āĨ¤ āĻļāĻŋāĻ˛, āĻā§ā§ąāĻžāĻļā§āĻŽ (fossils), āĻŦā§°āĻĢā§° āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§° (ice cores) āĻā§°ā§ āĻā§āĻŽāĻŋā§° āĻāĻ āĻ¨ āĻ āĻ§ā§āĻ¯āĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¨ āĻā§°āĻŋ āĻŽāĻšāĻžāĻĻā§āĻļāĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻšā§° āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻļ, āĻāĻ˛āĻŦāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧā§ā§° āĻĒā§°āĻŋā§ąā§°ā§āĻ¤āĻ¨ āĻā§°ā§ āĻā§ā§ąāĻāĻāĻ¤ā§° āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦā§°ā§āĻ¤āĻ¨ā§° āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋāĻŦ āĻĒāĻžā§°āĻŋāĨ¤ āĻāĻ āĻ¤āĻĨā§āĻ¯āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻšā§ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻšāĻāĻžāĻ¤āĻŋā§° āĻā§āĻĒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻā§°ā§ āĻ¸āĻā§āĻ¯āĻ¤āĻžā§° āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻļā§° āĻāĻ¤āĻŋāĻšāĻžāĻ¸ āĻŦā§āĻāĻŋāĻŦāĻ˛ā§ āĻ¸āĻšāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻā§°ā§āĨ¤
Note (1 Mark): Geological phenomena reveal Earth's past through rocks, fossils, and ice cores, helping us understand the history and evolution of humankind. (āĻļāĻŋāĻ˛, āĻā§ā§ąāĻžāĻļā§āĻŽ āĻā§°ā§ āĻŦā§°āĻĢā§° āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§°ā§° āĻā§°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¤ā§ āĻĒā§āĻĨāĻŋā§ąā§ā§° āĻ āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§° āĻ¤āĻĨā§āĻ¯ āĻĒā§ā§ąāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ, āĻ¯āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻšāĻāĻžāĻ¤āĻŋā§° āĻāĻ¤āĻŋāĻšāĻžāĻ¸ āĻā§°ā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦā§°ā§āĻ¤āĻ¨ āĻŦā§āĻāĻŋāĻŦāĻ˛ā§ āĻ¸āĻšāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻā§°ā§āĨ¤)
Q. What are the indications for the future of humankind ? āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻšāĻāĻžāĻ¤āĻŋā§° āĻā§ąāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ¯āĻ¤ā§° āĻŦāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻāĻā§āĻ¤ (indications) āĻĻā§āĻāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ ?
Ans: The indications for the future of humankind are not very encouraging. Human activities such as rapid population growth, excessive use of natural resources, and the burning of fossil fuels have led to global warming and climate change. If these environmental problems continue, they may seriously threaten the survival of humanity and other living species on Earth.
āĻāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§°: āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻšāĻāĻžāĻ¤āĻŋā§° āĻā§ąāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ¯āĻ¤ā§° āĻ¸āĻāĻā§āĻ¤ āĻŦā§° āĻā§āĻ¸āĻžāĻšāĻāĻ¨āĻ āĻ¨āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤ āĻāĻ¨āĻ¸āĻāĻā§āĻ¯āĻžā§° āĻĻā§ā§°ā§āĻ¤ āĻŦā§āĻĻā§āĻ§āĻŋ, āĻĒā§ā§°āĻžāĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻĻā§° āĻ āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ§āĻŋāĻ āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšāĻžā§° āĻā§°ā§ āĻā§ā§ąāĻžāĻļā§āĻŽ āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ§āĻ¨ āĻĻāĻšāĻ¨ā§° āĻĢāĻ˛āĻ¤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦ āĻāĻˇā§āĻŖāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¨ āĻā§°ā§ āĻāĻ˛āĻŦāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻĒā§°āĻŋā§ąā§°ā§āĻ¤āĻ¨ā§° āĻ¸ā§āĻˇā§āĻāĻŋ āĻšā§āĻā§āĨ¤ āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¸ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻŦā§ā§° āĻ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻšāĻ¤ āĻĨāĻžāĻā§, āĻ¤ā§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻš āĻā§°ā§ āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻā§ā§ąā§° āĻ āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻŦā§° āĻāĻĒā§°āĻ¤ āĻā§ā§°ā§āĻ¤ā§° āĻ¸āĻāĻāĻ āĻ¸ā§āĻˇā§āĻāĻŋ āĻā§°āĻŋāĻŦ āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§āĨ¤
Note (1 Mark): The future of humankind is threatened by global warming, climate change, overpopulation, and environmental degradation caused by human activities. (āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦ āĻāĻˇā§āĻŖāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¨, āĻāĻ˛āĻŦāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻĒā§°āĻŋā§ąā§°ā§āĻ¤āĻ¨, āĻāĻ¨āĻ¸āĻāĻā§āĻ¯āĻž āĻŦā§āĻĻā§āĻ§āĻŋ āĻā§°ā§ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻšā§° āĻāĻžā§°ā§āĻ¯āĻāĻ˛āĻžāĻĒā§° āĻĢāĻ˛āĻ¤ āĻšā§ā§ąāĻž āĻĒā§°āĻŋā§ąā§āĻļ āĻ§ā§āĻŦāĻāĻ¸āĻ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻšāĻāĻžāĻ¤āĻŋā§° āĻā§ąāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ¯ā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒāĻĻāĻžāĻĒāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻā§°āĻŋ āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻā§āĨ¤)