3rd Chapter. Journey to the End of the Earth : MCQ & Question Answer 1













1. ‘The world’s geological history is trapped in Antarctica.’ How is the study of this region useful to us ? (ā§§. ‘āĻĒ⧃āĻĨāĻŋā§ąā§€ā§° āĻ­ā§‚āϤāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ• āχāϤāĻŋāĻšāĻžāϏ āĻāĻŖā§āϟāĻžā§°ā§āĻ•āϟāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϤ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§€ āĻšā§ˆ āφāϛ⧇āĨ¤’ āĻāχ āĻ…āĻžā§āϚāϞ⧰ āĻ…āĻ§ā§āϝāϝāĻŧāύ āφāĻŽāĻžāϞ⧈ āϕ⧇āύ⧇āĻ•ā§ˆ āωāĻĒāϝ⧋āĻ—ā§€ ?)


Ans: Antarctica contains valuable evidence about the Earth's geological past in the form of ice cores, rocks, and fossils. These records help scientists understand continental drift, climate change, evolution, and extinction. By studying Antarctica, we can learn how the Earth has changed over millions of years and predict future environmental changes.


āωāĻ¤ā§āϤ⧰: āĻāĻŖā§āϟāĻžā§°ā§āĻ•āϟāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϤ āĻŦā§°āĻĢā§° āĻ¸ā§āϤ⧰, āĻļāĻŋāϞ āφ⧰⧁ āĻœā§€ā§ąāĻžāĻļā§āĻŽā§° ā§°ā§‚āĻĒāϤ āĻĒ⧃āĻĨāĻŋā§ąā§€ā§° āĻ­ā§‚āϤāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ• āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ⧰ āĻŽā§‚āĻ˛ā§āĻ¯ā§ąāĻžāύ āϤāĻĨā§āϝ āϏāς⧰āĻ•ā§āώāĻŋāϤ āφāϛ⧇āĨ¤ āĻāχ āϤāĻĨā§āϝāχ āĻŦāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāύ⧀āϏāĻ•āϞāĻ• āĻŽāĻšāĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻļā§° āϏ⧰āĻŖāĻŋ, āϜāϞāĻŦāĻžāϝāĻŧ⧁⧰ āĻĒā§°āĻŋā§ąā§°ā§āϤāύ, āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦā§°ā§āϤāύ āφ⧰⧁ āĻŦāĻŋāϞ⧁āĻĒā§āϤāĻŋ āĻŦ⧁āϜāĻŋāĻŦāϞ⧈ āϏāĻšāĻžāϝāĻŧ āϕ⧰⧇āĨ¤ āĻāĻŖā§āϟāĻžā§°ā§āĻ•āϟāĻŋāĻ•āĻžā§° āĻ…āĻ§ā§āϝāϝāĻŧāύ⧰ āϜ⧰āĻŋāϝāĻŧāϤ⧇ āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻĒ⧃āĻĨāĻŋā§ąā§€ āϕ⧋āϟāĻŋ āϕ⧋āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāϛ⧰āϤ āϕ⧇āύ⧇āĻ•ā§ˆ āϏāϞāύāĻŋ āĻšā§ˆāϛ⧇ āφ⧰⧁ āĻ­ā§ąāĻŋāĻˇā§āϝāϤ⧇ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻĒā§°āĻŋā§ąā§°ā§āϤāύ āĻš'āĻŦ āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§‡ āϏ⧇āϝāĻŧāĻž āϜāĻžāύāĻŋāĻŦ āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§‹āρāĨ¤


2. What are Geoff Green’s reasons for including high school students in the Students on Ice expedition ? (⧍. Geoff Green-āĻ Students on Ice āĻ…āĻ­āĻŋāϝāĻžāύāϤ āωāĻšā§āϚ āĻŽāĻžāĻ§ā§āϝāĻŽāĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āϝāĻžāϞāϝāĻŧā§° āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻžā§°ā§āĻĨā§€āϏāĻ•āϞāĻ• āĻ•āĻŋāϝāĻŧ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§°ā§āϭ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ āϕ⧰āĻŋāĻ›āĻŋāϞ ?)

Ans:  Geoff Green believed that young students are the future policy-makers and leaders of society. He wanted to provide them with first-hand experience of Antarctica so that they could understand environmental issues and develop respect for the planet. Young people are more open to learning and are capable of taking positive action to protect the environment.


āωāĻ¤ā§āϤ⧰: Geoff Green-āĻ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻžāϏ āϕ⧰āĻŋāĻ›āĻŋāϞ āϝ⧇ āφāϜāĻŋā§° āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻžā§°ā§āĻĨā§€āϏāĻ•āϞ⧇āχ āĻ­ā§ąāĻŋāĻˇā§āϝāϤ⧰ āύ⧀āϤāĻŋ-āύāĻŋā§°ā§āϧāĻžā§°āĻ• āφ⧰⧁ āύ⧇āϤāĻžāĨ¤ āϏ⧇āϝāĻŧ⧇āĻšā§‡ āϤ⧇āĻ“āρāϞ⧋āĻ•āĻ• āĻāĻŖā§āϟāĻžā§°ā§āĻ•āϟāĻŋāĻ•āĻžā§° āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§ą āĻ…āĻ­āĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāϤāĻž āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžā§° āϜ⧰āĻŋāϝāĻŧāϤ⧇ āĻĒā§°āĻŋā§ąā§‡āĻļāĻ—āϤ āϏāĻŽāĻ¸ā§āϝāĻžāϏāĻŽā§‚āĻš āĻŦ⧁āϜāĻŋāĻŦāϞ⧈ āφ⧰⧁ āĻĒ⧃āĻĨāĻŋā§ąā§€ā§° āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋ āϏāĻ¨ā§āĻŽāĻžāύ āĻ—āĻĸāĻŧāĻŋ āϤ⧁āϞāĻŋāĻŦāϞ⧈ āĻšā§‡āĻˇā§āϟāĻž āϕ⧰āĻŋāĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤ āĻ¯ā§ā§ąāϏāĻ•āϞ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋāĻŦāϞ⧈ āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ• āφāĻ—ā§ā§°āĻšā§€ āφ⧰⧁ āĻĒā§°āĻŋā§ąā§‡āĻļ āϏ⧁⧰āĻ•ā§āώāĻžā§° āĻŦāĻžāĻŦ⧇ āχāϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϚāĻ• āĻĒāĻĻāĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻĒ āϞ'āĻŦ āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§‡āĨ¤


3. ‘Take care of the small things and the big things will take care of themselves.’ What is the relevance of this statement in the context of the Antarctic environment ? (ā§Š. ‘āϏ⧰⧁ āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁⧰ āϝāĻ¤ā§āύ āϞ’āϞ⧇ āĻĄāĻžāϙ⧰ āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁āĻŦ⧋⧰⧇ āύāĻŋāϜ⧰ āϝāĻ¤ā§āύ āύāĻŋāĻœā§‡āχ āϞ’āĻŦāĨ¤’ āĻāĻŖā§āϟāĻžā§°ā§āĻ•āϟāĻŋāĻ•āĻžā§° āĻĒā§°āĻŋā§ąā§‡āĻļā§° āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§ā§°āϤ āĻāχ āωāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋāĻŸā§‹ā§° āϗ⧁⧰⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦ āĻ•āĻŋ ?)

Ans:  statement refers to phytoplankton, the tiny marine plants that form the base of the Antarctic food chain. These microscopic organisms support all larger marine animals and birds. If phytoplankton are affected by environmental changes, the entire ecosystem will suffer. Therefore, protecting even the smallest organisms is essential for maintaining ecological balance.


āωāĻ¤ā§āϤ⧰: āĻāχ āωāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋāĻŸā§‹ phytoplankton āύāĻžāĻŽā§° āĻ…āϤāĻŋ āϏ⧰⧁ āϏāĻžāĻŽā§āĻĻā§ā§°āĻŋāĻ• āωāĻĻā§āĻ­āĻŋāĻĻāϏāĻŽā§‚āĻšā§° āϏ⧈āϤ⧇ āϜāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāϤāĨ¤ āĻāχāĻŦ⧋⧰⧇āχ āĻāĻŖā§āϟāĻžā§°ā§āĻ•āϟāĻŋāĻ•āĻžā§° āĻ–āĻžāĻĻā§āϝ āĻļ⧃āĻ‚āĻ–āϞ⧰ āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¤ā§āϤāĻŋāĨ¤ āĻāχ āϏ⧰⧁ āĻœā§€ā§ąāϏāĻŽā§‚āĻšā§‡ āĻĄāĻžāϙ⧰ āϏāĻžāĻŽā§āĻĻā§ā§°āĻŋāĻ• āĻœā§€ā§ą āφ⧰⧁ āϚ⧰āĻžāχāĻ• āĻĒ⧁āĻˇā§āϟāĻŋ āϝ⧋āĻ—āĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ phytoplankton āĻ•ā§āώāϤāĻŋāĻ—ā§ā§°āĻ¸ā§āϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ, āϤ⧇āĻ¨ā§āϤ⧇ āϏāĻŽāĻ—ā§ā§° āĻĒā§°āĻŋā§ąā§‡āĻļ āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§ąāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāχ āĻ•ā§āώāϤāĻŋāĻ—ā§ā§°āĻ¸ā§āϤ āĻš'āĻŦāĨ¤ āϏ⧇āϝāĻŧ⧇āĻšā§‡ āϏ⧰⧁ āĻœā§€ā§ąā§° āϏ⧁⧰āĻ•ā§āώāĻžāχ āĻĒā§°āĻŋā§ąā§‡āĻļā§° āĻ­āĻžā§°āϏāĻžāĻŽā§āϝ ā§°āĻ•ā§āώāĻžā§° āĻŦāĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻ…āϤāĻŋ āϗ⧁⧰⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚ā§°ā§āĻŖāĨ¤


4. Why is Antarctica the place to go to, to understand the earth’s present, past and future ? (ā§Ē. āĻĒ⧃āĻĨāĻŋā§ąā§€ā§° āĻŦā§°ā§āϤāĻŽāĻžāύ, āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āφ⧰⧁ āĻ­ā§ąāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ¯ā§Ž āĻŦ⧁āϜāĻŋāĻŦāϞ⧈ āĻāĻŖā§āϟāĻžā§°ā§āĻ•āϟāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāχ āĻ•āĻŋāϝāĻŧ āĻ¸ā§°ā§āĻŦā§‹āĻ¤ā§āϤāĻŽ āĻ āĻžāχ ?)

Ans:  Antarctica is the best place to understand the Earth's present, past, and future because it preserves ancient climatic and geological records in its ice layers. It provides evidence of continental drift, climate evolution, and environmental changes over millions of years. Since Antarctica is highly sensitive to global warming, studying it helps scientists predict future climatic conditions and environmental challenges.


āωāĻ¤ā§āϤ⧰: āĻĒ⧃āĻĨāĻŋā§ąā§€ā§° āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ, āĻŦā§°ā§āϤāĻŽāĻžāύ āφ⧰⧁ āĻ­ā§ąāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ¯ā§Ž āĻŦ⧁āϜāĻŋāĻŦāϞ⧈ āĻāĻŖā§āϟāĻžā§°ā§āĻ•āϟāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāχ āĻ¸ā§°ā§āĻŦā§‹āĻ¤ā§āϤāĻŽ āĻ āĻžāχ, āĻ•āĻžā§°āĻŖ āχāϝāĻŧāĻžā§° āĻŦā§°āĻĢā§° āĻ¸ā§āϤ⧰āϤ āĻĒā§ā§°āĻžāĻšā§€āύ āϜāϞāĻŦāĻžāϝāĻŧ⧁ āφ⧰⧁ āĻ­ā§‚āϤāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ• āϤāĻĨā§āϝ āϏāς⧰āĻ•ā§āώāĻŋāϤ āĻšā§ˆ āφāϛ⧇āĨ¤ āχāϝāĻŧāĻžā§° āĻ…āĻ§ā§āϝāϝāĻŧāύ⧇ āĻŽāĻšāĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻļā§° āϏ⧰āĻŖāĻŋ, āϜāϞāĻŦāĻžāϝāĻŧ⧁⧰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āφ⧰⧁ āϞāĻžāĻ– āϞāĻžāĻ– āĻŦāϛ⧰⧰ āĻĒā§°āĻŋā§ąā§‡āĻļāĻ—āϤ āĻĒā§°āĻŋā§ąā§°ā§āϤāύ⧰ āĻĒā§ā§°āĻŽāĻžāĻŖ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇āĨ¤ āĻāĻŖā§āϟāĻžā§°ā§āĻ•āϟāĻŋāĻ•āĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦ āωāĻˇā§āĻŖāĻžāϝāĻŧāύ⧰ āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋ āĻ…āϤāĻŋ āϏāĻ‚āĻŦ⧇āĻĻāύāĻļā§€āϞ āĻ…āĻžā§āϚāϞ āĻšā§‹ā§ąāĻžā§° āĻŦāĻžāĻŦ⧇ āχāϝāĻŧāĻžā§° āĻ…āĻ§ā§āϝāϝāĻŧāύ⧇ āĻ­ā§ąāĻŋāĻˇā§āϝāϤ⧰ āϜāϞāĻŦāĻžāϝāĻŧ⧁ āφ⧰⧁ āĻĒā§°āĻŋā§ąā§‡āĻļāĻ—āϤ āϏāĻ‚āĻ•āϟ⧰ āĻĒā§‚ā§°ā§āĻŦāĻžāύ⧁āĻŽāĻžāύ āϕ⧰āĻŋāĻŦāϞ⧈ āϏāĻšāĻžāϝāĻŧ āϕ⧰⧇āĨ¤


Exam Words: Antarctica, Geological History, Ice Cores, Climate Change, Global Warming, Phytoplankton, Ecological Balance, Geoff Green, Students on Ice, Future Policy Makers. (āĻāĻŖā§āϟāĻžā§°ā§āĻ•āϟāĻŋāĻ•āĻž, āĻ­ā§‚āϤāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ• āχāϤāĻŋāĻšāĻžāϏ, āĻŦā§°āĻĢā§° āĻ¸ā§āϤ⧰, āϜāϞāĻŦāĻžāϝāĻŧ⧁ āĻĒā§°āĻŋā§ąā§°ā§āϤāύ, āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦ āωāĻˇā§āĻŖāĻžāϝāĻŧāύ, āĻĢāĻžāχāĻŸā§‹āĻĒā§āϞāĻžāĻ‚āĻ•āϟāύ, āĻĒā§°āĻŋā§ąā§‡āĻļāĻ—āϤ āĻ­āĻžā§°āϏāĻžāĻŽā§āϝ, Geoff Green, Students on Ice, āĻ­ā§ąāĻŋāĻˇā§āϝāϤ⧰ āύ⧀āϤāĻŋ-āύāĻŋā§°ā§āϧāĻžā§°āĻ•āĨ¤)




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2-Mark Questions & Answers 


1. Why was the author amazed on reaching Antarctica ? (ā§§. āĻāĻŖā§āϟāĻžā§°ā§āĻ•āϟāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϤ āωāĻĒāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāϤ āĻšā§ˆ āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻŋāĻ•āĻž āĻ•āĻŋāϝāĻŧ āφāϚ⧰āĻŋāϤ āĻšā§ˆāĻ›āĻŋāϞ ?)

Ans: She was amazed by the vast white landscape, complete isolation, and the thought that India and Antarctica were once part of the same landmass. āωāĻ¤ā§āϤ⧰: āĻŦāĻŋāĻļāĻžāϞ āĻŦāĻ—āĻž āĻ­ā§‚āĻŽāĻŋ, āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒā§‚ā§°ā§āĻŖ āύāĻŋāσāϏāĻ™ā§āĻ—āϤāĻž āφ⧰⧁ āĻ­āĻžā§°āϤ āφ⧰⧁ āĻāĻŖā§āϟāĻžā§°ā§āĻ•āϟāĻŋāĻ•āĻž āĻāϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧāϤ āĻāϕ⧇ āĻ­ā§‚āĻŽāĻŋāĻ–āĻŖā§āĻĄā§° āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļ āφāĻ›āĻŋāϞ āĻŦ⧁āϞāĻŋ āĻ­āĻžāĻŦāĻŋ āϤ⧇āĻ“āρ āφāϚ⧰āĻŋāϤ āĻšā§ˆāĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤


2. What is Gondwana? Why is it important ? (⧍. āĻ—āĻŖā§āĻĄā§ąāĻžāύāĻž āĻ•āĻŋ? āχāϝāĻŧāĻžā§° āϗ⧁⧰⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦ āĻ•āĻŋ ?)

Ans: Gondwana was a giant southern supercontinent that existed about 650 million years ago. It helps explain the formation and movement of present-day continents. āωāĻ¤ā§āϤ⧰: āĻ—āĻŖā§āĻĄā§ąāĻžāύāĻž āφāĻ›āĻŋāϞ ā§Ŧā§Ģ āϕ⧋āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāϛ⧰ āφāĻ—ā§° āĻāĻ• āĻŦ⧃āĻšā§Ž āĻĻāĻ•ā§āώāĻŋāĻŖā§€ āĻŽāĻšāĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻļāĨ¤ āχ āĻŦā§°ā§āϤāĻŽāĻžāύ⧰ āĻŽāĻšāĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻļāϏāĻŽā§‚āĻšā§° āĻ—āĻ āύ āφ⧰⧁ āϏ⧰āĻŖāĻŋ āĻŦ⧁āϜāĻŋāĻŦāϞ⧈ āϏāĻšāĻžāϝāĻŧ āϕ⧰⧇āĨ¤


3. How is Antarctica a storehouse of Earth's history ? (ā§Š. āĻāĻŖā§āϟāĻžā§°ā§āĻ•āϟāĻŋāĻ•āĻž āϕ⧇āύ⧇āĻ•ā§ˆ āĻĒ⧃āĻĨāĻŋā§ąā§€ā§° āχāϤāĻŋāĻšāĻžāϏ⧰ āĻ­āρ⧰āĻžāϞ ?)

Ans: Its ice cores preserve carbon records dating back about 500,000 years, helping scientists study past climates and environmental changes. āωāĻ¤ā§āϤ⧰: āχāϝāĻŧāĻžā§° āĻŦā§°āĻĢā§° āĻ¸ā§āϤ⧰āϤ āĻĒā§ā§°āĻžāϝāĻŧ ā§Ģ āϞāĻžāĻ– āĻŦāϛ⧰⧰ āĻĒ⧁⧰āĻŖāĻŋ āĻ•āĻžā§°ā§āĻŦāύ⧰ āϤāĻĨā§āϝ āϏāς⧰āĻ•ā§āώāĻŋāϤ āφāϛ⧇, āϝāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ⧰ āϜāϞāĻŦāĻžāϝāĻŧ⧁ āφ⧰⧁ āĻĒā§°āĻŋā§ąā§‡āĻļā§° āĻĒā§°āĻŋā§ąā§°ā§āϤāύ āĻŦ⧁āϜāĻŋāĻŦāϞ⧈ āϏāĻšāĻžāϝāĻŧ āϕ⧰⧇āĨ¤


4. Why does the author call human existence “a few seconds on the geological clock” ? (ā§Ē. āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāχ āĻŽāĻžāύ⧁āĻšā§° āĻ…āĻ¸ā§āϤāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻ• “āĻ­ā§‚āϤāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ• āϘāĻĄāĻŧ⧀⧰ āϕ⧇āχāϛ⧇āϕ⧇āĻŖā§āĻĄ” āĻŦ⧁āϞāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋāϝāĻŧ āĻ•ā§ˆāϛ⧇ ?)

Ans: Human civilization has existed for only about 12,000 years, which is insignificant compared to Earth's millions of years of history. āωāĻ¤ā§āϤ⧰: āĻŽāĻžāύ⧁āĻšā§° āϏāĻ­ā§āϝāϤāĻž āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§ā§° āĻĒā§ā§°āĻžāϝāĻŧ ⧧⧍,ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ļ āĻŦāϛ⧰ āĻĒ⧁⧰āĻŖāĻŋ, āϝāĻŋāĻŸā§‹ āĻĒ⧃āĻĨāĻŋā§ąā§€ā§° āϕ⧋āϟāĻŋ āϕ⧋āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāϛ⧰⧰ āχāϤāĻŋāĻšāĻžāϏ⧰ āϤ⧁āϞāύāĻžāϤ āĻ…āϤāĻŋ āϏāĻžāĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϝāĨ¤


5. What are the consequences of increasing human population ? (ā§Ģ. āϜāύāϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻž āĻŦ⧃āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋā§° āĻĢāϞāĻžāĻĢāϞ āĻ•āĻŋ ?)

Ans: It causes overuse of resources, environmental degradation, and increased competition among species. āωāĻ¤ā§āϤ⧰: āχāϝāĻŧāĻžā§° āĻĢāϞāϤ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻĻā§° āĻ…āĻ¤ā§āϝāĻžāϧāĻŋāĻ• āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšāĻžā§°, āĻĒā§°āĻŋā§ąā§‡āĻļ āĻ§ā§āĻŦāĻ‚āϏ āφ⧰⧁ āĻœā§€ā§ąāϏāĻŽā§‚āĻšā§° āĻŽāĻžāϜāϤ āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋāϝ⧋āĻ—āĻŋāϤāĻž āĻŦ⧃āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤


6. Why is Antarctica important in the climate change debate ? (ā§Ŧ. āϜāϞāĻŦāĻžāϝāĻŧ⧁ āĻĒā§°āĻŋā§ąā§°ā§āϤāύ⧰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¤ā§°ā§āĻ•āϤ āĻāĻŖā§āϟāĻžā§°ā§āĻ•āϟāĻŋāĻ•āĻž āĻ•āĻŋāϝāĻŧ āϗ⧁⧰⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚ā§°ā§āĻŖ ?)

Ans: Antarctica contains ancient climate records and shows visible evidence of global warming through melting glaciers and ice shelves. āωāĻ¤ā§āϤ⧰: āĻāĻŖā§āϟāĻžā§°ā§āĻ•āϟāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϤ āĻĒā§ā§°āĻžāĻšā§€āύ āϜāϞāĻŦāĻžāϝāĻŧ⧁⧰ āϤāĻĨā§āϝ āϏāς⧰āĻ•ā§āώāĻŋāϤ āφāϛ⧇ āφ⧰⧁ āĻ—āϞāĻŋāϤ āĻŦā§°āĻĢā§° āϜ⧰āĻŋāϝāĻŧāϤ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦ āωāĻˇā§āĻŖāĻžāϝāĻŧāύ⧰ āĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻˇā§āϟ āĻĒā§ā§°āĻŽāĻžāĻŖ āĻĒā§‹ā§ąāĻž āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤


7. What is the aim of the Students on Ice programme ? (ā§­. Students on Ice āĻ•āĻžā§°ā§āϝāϏ⧂āĻšā§€ā§° āϞāĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āϝ āĻ•āĻŋ ? )

Ans: To educate young people about environmental issues and inspire them to protect the Earth. āωāĻ¤ā§āϤ⧰: āĻ¯ā§ā§ąāϏāĻ•āϞāĻ• āĻĒā§°āĻŋā§ąā§‡āĻļāĻ—āϤ āϏāĻŽāĻ¸ā§āϝāĻžā§° āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϏāϜāĻžāĻ— āϕ⧰āĻŋ āĻĒ⧃āĻĨāĻŋā§ąā§€ āϏ⧁⧰āĻ•ā§āώāĻžā§° āĻŦāĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻ…āύ⧁āĻĒā§ā§°āĻžāĻŖāĻŋāϤ āϕ⧰āĻžāĨ¤


8. Why did Geoff Green choose students instead of wealthy tourists ? (ā§Ž. Geoff Green-āĻ āϧāύ⧀ āĻĒā§°ā§āϝāϟāϕ⧰ āϏāϞāύāĻŋ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻžā§°ā§āĻĨā§€āϏāĻ•āϞāĻ• āĻ•āĻŋāϝāĻŧ āĻŦāĻžāĻ›āύāĻŋ āϕ⧰āĻŋāĻ›āĻŋāϞ ?)

Ans: He believed students could become future leaders and make meaningful contributions to environmental protection. āωāĻ¤ā§āϤ⧰: āϤ⧇āĻ“āρ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻžāϏ āϕ⧰āĻŋāĻ›āĻŋāϞ āϝ⧇ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻžā§°ā§āĻĨā§€āϏāĻ•āϞ āĻ­ā§ąāĻŋāĻˇā§āϝāϤ⧰ āύ⧇āϤāĻž āĻš'āĻŦ āφ⧰⧁ āĻĒā§°āĻŋā§ąā§‡āĻļ āϏ⧁⧰āĻ•ā§āώāĻžāϤ āϗ⧁⧰⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚ā§°ā§āĻŖ āĻ­ā§‚āĻŽāĻŋāĻ•āĻž āϞ'āĻŦāĨ¤


9. What is meant by Antarctica being “pristine” ? (⧝. āĻāĻŖā§āϟāĻžā§°ā§āĻ•āϟāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ• “pristine” āĻŦ⧁āϞāĻŋ āĻ•ā§‹ā§ąāĻžā§° āĻ…ā§°ā§āĻĨ āĻ•āĻŋ ?)

Ans: It remains largely untouched by permanent human settlement and industrial activities. āωāĻ¤ā§āϤ⧰: āχ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāϝāĻŧā§€ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§ą āĻŦāϏāϤāĻŋ āφ⧰⧁ āĻ”āĻĻā§āϝ⧋āĻ—āĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āĻžā§°ā§āϝāĻ•āϞāĻžāĻĒā§° āĻĒā§°āĻž āĻĒā§ā§°āĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻ…āĻ¸ā§āĻĒā§°ā§āĻļāĻŋāϤ āĻšā§ˆ āφāϛ⧇āĨ¤


10. What are phytoplankton ? (ā§§ā§Ļ. Phytoplankton āĻ•āĻŋ ?)

Ans: They are microscopic marine plants that form the base of the Southern Ocean food chain. āωāĻ¤ā§āϤ⧰: āĻāχāĻŦā§‹ā§° āĻ…āϤāĻŋ āϏ⧰⧁ āϏāĻžāĻŽā§āĻĻā§ā§°āĻŋāĻ• āωāĻĻā§āĻ­āĻŋāĻĻ āϝāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻĻāĻ•ā§āώāĻŋāĻŖ āĻŽāĻšāĻžāϏāĻžāĻ—ā§°ā§° āĻ–āĻžāĻĻā§āϝ āĻļ⧃āĻ‚āĻ–āϞ⧰ āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¤ā§āϤāĻŋ āĻ—āĻ āύ āϕ⧰⧇āĨ¤


11. Why are phytoplankton important ? (ā§§ā§§. Phytoplankton āĻ•āĻŋāϝāĻŧ āϗ⧁⧰⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚ā§°ā§āĻŖ ?)

Ans: They absorb carbon dioxide and support the entire marine ecosystem. āωāĻ¤ā§āϤ⧰: āĻāχāĻŦ⧋⧰⧇ āĻ•āĻžā§°ā§āĻŦāύ āĻĄāĻžāχāĻ…āĻ•ā§āϏāĻžāχāĻĄ āĻļā§‹āώāĻŖ āϕ⧰⧇ āφ⧰⧁ āϏāĻŽāĻ—ā§ā§° āϏāĻžāĻŽā§āĻĻā§ā§°āĻŋāĻ• āĻĒā§°āĻŋā§ąā§‡āĻļ āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§ąāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ• āϟāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāχ ā§°āĻžāϖ⧇āĨ¤


12. How can ozone depletion affect phytoplankton ? (⧧⧍. āĻ“āĻœā§‹āύ āĻ¸ā§āϤ⧰⧰ āĻ•ā§āώāϝāĻŧ⧇ phytoplankton āĻ• āϕ⧇āύ⧇āĻ•ā§ˆ āĻĒā§ā§°āĻ­āĻžā§ąāĻŋāϤ āϕ⧰⧇ ?

Ans: Increased ultraviolet radiation can reduce their activity, affecting the entire food chain. āωāĻ¤ā§āϤ⧰: āĻ…āϤāĻŋ āĻŦ⧇āϙ⧁āύ⧀āϝāĻŧāĻž ā§°āĻļā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦ⧃āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāϞ⧇ āχāϝāĻŧāĻžā§° āĻ•āĻžā§°ā§āϝāĻ•ā§āώāĻŽāϤāĻž āĻšā§ā§°āĻžāϏ āĻĒāĻžāϝāĻŧ, āϝāĻžā§° āĻĢāϞāϤ āϏāĻŽāĻ—ā§ā§° āĻ–āĻžāĻĻā§āϝ āĻļ⧃āĻ‚āĻ–āϞ āĻ•ā§āώāϤāĻŋāĻ—ā§ā§°āĻ¸ā§āϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤


13. What lesson does the phytoplankton example teach ? (ā§§ā§Š. Phytoplankton ā§° āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšā§°āϪ⧇ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻž āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ ?)

Ans: Small organisms are crucial for maintaining ecological balance. āωāĻ¤ā§āϤ⧰: āϏ⧰⧁ āĻœā§€ā§ąāĻŦā§‹ā§°ā§‹ āĻĒā§°āĻŋā§ąā§‡āĻļā§° āĻ­āĻžā§°āϏāĻžāĻŽā§āϝ ā§°āĻ•ā§āώāĻžā§° āĻŦāĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻ…āϤāĻŋ āϗ⧁⧰⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚ā§°ā§āĻŖāĨ¤


14. Why is Antarctica called a natural laboratory ? (ā§§ā§Ē. āĻāĻŖā§āϟāĻžā§°ā§āĻ•āϟāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ• āĻĒā§ā§°āĻžāĻ•ā§ƒāϤāĻŋāĻ• āĻĒā§°ā§€āĻ•ā§āώāĻžāĻ—āĻžā§° āĻ•āĻŋāϝāĻŧ āĻ•ā§‹ā§ąāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ ?)

Ans: It provides opportunities to study climate, geology, and ecosystems in a relatively untouched environment. āωāĻ¤ā§āϤ⧰: āχ āϤ⧁āϞāύāĻžāĻŽā§‚āϞāĻ•āĻ­āĻžā§ąā§‡ āĻ…āĻ¸ā§āĻĒā§°ā§āĻļāĻŋāϤ āĻĒā§°āĻŋā§ąā§‡āĻļāϤ āϜāϞāĻŦāĻžāϝāĻŧ⧁, āĻ­ā§‚āϤāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦ āφ⧰⧁ āĻœā§€ā§ąāĻŽāĻŖā§āĻĄāϞ āĻ…āĻ§ā§āϝāϝāĻŧāύ⧰ āϏ⧁āϝ⧋āĻ— āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇āĨ¤


15. What was the most memorable experience of the author ? (ā§§ā§Ģ. āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻŋāĻ•āĻžā§° āφāϟāĻžāχāϤāĻ•ā§ˆ āĻ¸ā§āĻŽā§°āĻŖā§€āϝāĻŧ āĻ…āĻ­āĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāϤāĻž āĻ•āĻŋ āφāĻ›āĻŋāϞ ?)

Ans: Walking on the frozen ocean near the Antarctic Circle. āωāĻ¤ā§āϤ⧰: āĻāĻŖā§āϟāĻžā§°ā§āĻ•āϟāĻŋāĻ• āĻŦ⧃āĻ¤ā§āϤ⧰ āĻ“āϚ⧰āϤ āϜāĻŽāĻžāϟ āϏāĻžāĻ—ā§°ā§° āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϤ āĻ–ā§‹āϜ āĻ•āĻĸāĻŧāĻžāĨ¤


16. What realization did the author have while walking on the ice ? (ā§§ā§Ŧ. āĻŦā§°āĻĢā§° āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϤ āĻ–ā§‹āϜ āĻ•āĻžāĻĸāĻŧāĻŋ āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāχ āĻ•āĻŋ āωāĻĒāϞāĻŦā§āϧāĻŋ āϕ⧰āĻŋāĻ›āĻŋāϞ ?)

Ans: She realized that all life forms and natural systems are interconnected. āωāĻ¤ā§āϤ⧰: āϤ⧇āĻ“āρ āωāĻĒāϞāĻŦā§āϧāĻŋ āϕ⧰āĻŋāĻ›āĻŋāϞ āϝ⧇ āϏāĻ•āϞ⧋ āĻœā§€ā§ą āφ⧰⧁ āĻĒā§ā§°āĻžāĻ•ā§ƒāϤāĻŋāĻ• āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§ąāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž āĻĒā§°āĻ¸ā§āĻĒā§°ā§° āϏ⧈āϤ⧇ āϜāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāϤāĨ¤


17. How does Antarctica help us understand Earth's future ? (ā§§ā§­. āĻāĻŖā§āϟāĻžā§°ā§āĻ•āϟāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāχ āĻĒ⧃āĻĨāĻŋā§ąā§€ā§° āĻ­ā§ąāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ¯ā§Ž āĻŦ⧁āϜāĻŋāĻŦāϞ⧈ āϕ⧇āύ⧇āĻ•ā§ˆ āϏāĻšāĻžāϝāĻŧ āϕ⧰⧇ ?)

Ans: Changes in Antarctica provide clues about future climate and environmental conditions. āωāĻ¤ā§āϤ⧰: āĻāĻŖā§āϟāĻžā§°ā§āĻ•āϟāĻŋāĻ•āĻžā§° āĻĒā§°āĻŋā§ąā§°ā§āϤāύāϏāĻŽā§‚āĻšā§‡ āĻ­ā§ąāĻŋāĻˇā§āϝāϤ⧰ āϜāϞāĻŦāĻžāϝāĻŧ⧁ āφ⧰⧁ āĻĒā§°āĻŋā§ąā§‡āĻļāĻ—āϤ āĻ…ā§ąāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžā§° āϏāĻ‚āϕ⧇āϤ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇āĨ¤


18. Why does the author say “the prognosis for humans is not good” ? (ā§§ā§Ž. āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāχ “āĻŽāĻžāύ⧁āĻšā§° āĻ­ā§ąāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ¯ā§Ž āĻ­āĻžāϞ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻž āύāĻžāϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ” āĻŦ⧁āϞāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋāϝāĻŧ āĻ•ā§ˆāϛ⧇ ?)

Ans: Because human activities are causing environmental damage and climate change. āωāĻ¤ā§āϤ⧰: āĻ•āĻžā§°āĻŖ āĻŽāĻžāύ⧁āĻšā§° āĻ•āĻžā§°ā§āϝāĻ•āϞāĻžāĻĒ⧇ āĻĒā§°āĻŋā§ąā§‡āĻļ āĻ§ā§āĻŦāĻ‚āϏ āφ⧰⧁ āϜāϞāĻŦāĻžāϝāĻŧ⧁ āĻĒā§°āĻŋā§ąā§°ā§āϤāύ āϘāϟāĻžāχāϛ⧇āĨ¤


19. What is the central message of the chapter ? (⧧⧝. āĻ…āĻ§ā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻŸā§‹ā§° āĻŽā§‚āϞ āĻŦāĻžā§°ā§āϤāĻž āĻ•āĻŋ ?)

Ans: Human beings must respect nature and work towards environmental conservation. āωāĻ¤ā§āϤ⧰: āĻŽāĻžāύ⧁āĻšā§‡ āĻĒā§ā§°āĻ•ā§ƒāϤāĻŋāĻ• āϏāĻ¨ā§āĻŽāĻžāύ āϕ⧰āĻŋ āĻĒā§°āĻŋā§ąā§‡āĻļ āϏāς⧰āĻ•ā§āώāĻŖā§° āĻŦāĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻ•āĻžāĻŽ āϕ⧰āĻŋāĻŦ āϞāĻžāĻ—āĻŋāĻŦāĨ¤


20. Why is Antarctica important for the whole world ? (⧍ā§Ļ. āϏāĻŽāĻ—ā§ā§° āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦā§° āĻŦāĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻāĻŖā§āϟāĻžā§°ā§āĻ•āϟāĻŋāĻ•āĻž āĻ•āĻŋāϝāĻŧ āϗ⧁⧰⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚ā§°ā§āĻŖ ?)

Ans: It influences global climate, stores vast amounts of ice, and preserves valuable records of Earth's history. āωāĻ¤ā§āϤ⧰: āχ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦā§° āϜāϞāĻŦāĻžāϝāĻŧ⧁āĻ• āĻĒā§ā§°āĻ­āĻžā§ąāĻŋāϤ āϕ⧰⧇, āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒ⧁āϞ āĻĒā§°āĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻŖā§° āĻŦā§°āĻĢ āϏāς⧰āĻ•ā§āώāĻŖ āϕ⧰⧇ āφ⧰⧁ āĻĒ⧃āĻĨāĻŋā§ąā§€ā§° āχāϤāĻŋāĻšāĻžāϏ⧰ āĻŽā§‚āĻ˛ā§āĻ¯ā§ąāĻžāύ āϤāĻĨā§āϝ āϏāς⧰āĻ•ā§āώāĻŖ āϕ⧰āĻŋ ā§°āĻžāϖ⧇āĨ¤'