Article : Introduction
Articles
Introduction: Articles are words used before nouns to show whether the noun is general or specific.
Article āĻšā§āĻā§ noun (āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āώā§āϝ)-ā§° āĻāĻāϤ āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšāĻžā§° āĻšā§ā§ąāĻž āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ, āϝāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ noun-āĻā§ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžā§°āĻŖ āύ⧠āύāĻŋā§°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāώā§āĻ āϏā§āϝāĻŧāĻž āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
Types of Articles
There are two types of articles in English Grammar.
1. Definite Article: The
Used for a specific person, place, thing, or idea. (āύāĻŋā§°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāώā§āĻ āĻŦā§āϝāĻā§āϤāĻŋ, āĻŦāϏā§āϤ⧠āĻŦāĻž āϏā§āĻĨāĻžāύ⧰ āĻŦāĻžāĻŦā§ the āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšāĻžā§° āĻā§°āĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤)
Example: i. The book on the table is mine., ii. The sun rises in the east.
2. Indefinite Articles: A, An
Used for a general or non-specific noun.(āϏāĻžāϧāĻžā§°āĻŖ āĻŦāĻž āĻ āύāĻŋā§°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāώā§āĻ noun-ā§° āĻāĻāϤ a/an āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšāĻžā§° āĻā§°āĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤)
- A → before consonant sounds
- An → before vowel sounds (a, e, i, o, u)
Examples: i. This is a book., ii. He is a boy., iii. She is an artist., iv. I ate an apple.
===================================================
General Reference vs Particular Reference
Introduction: A noun can be used in two ways depending on the meaning it gives: (āĻāĻāĻž noun (āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āώā§āϝ) āĻāϝāĻŧāĻžā§° āĻ ā§°ā§āĻĨ āĻ āύā§āϏ⧰āĻŋ āĻĻā§āĻāĻž āϧ⧰āĻŖā§ āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšāĻžā§° āĻš'āĻŦ āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§:)
- General Reference (āϏāĻžāϧāĻžā§°āĻŖ āĻāϞā§āϞā§āĻ)
- Particular Reference (āύāĻŋā§°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāώā§āĻ āĻāϞā§āϞā§āĻ)
1. General Reference (āϏāĻžāϧāĻžā§°āĻŖ āĻāϞā§āϞā§āĻ): When a noun refers to any one of a class or the whole class in general, it is called General Reference. āϝā§āϤāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻā§āύ⧠noun-āĻ āĻāĻāĻž āĻļā§ā§°ā§āĻŖā§ā§° āϝāĻŋāĻā§āύ⧠āϏāĻĻāϏā§āϝ āĻŦāĻž āϏāĻŽāĻā§ā§° āĻļā§ā§°ā§āĻŖā§āĻ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϝāĻŧ, āϤāĻžāĻ General Reference āĻŦā§āϞāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
Example: An apple a day keeps the doctor away. Here, apple means any apple, not a particular apple. (āĻāϝāĻŧāĻžāϤ apple-āĻ āϝāĻŋāĻā§āύ⧠āĻāĻĒā§āϞāĻ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāĻāĻā§, āĻā§āύ⧠āύāĻŋā§°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāώā§āĻ āĻāĻĒā§āϞāĻ āύāĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤)
2. Particular Reference (āύāĻŋā§°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāώā§āĻ āĻāϞā§āϞā§āĻ)
When a noun refers to a specific person, place, animal, or thing, it is called Particular Reference. āϝā§āϤāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻā§āύ⧠noun-āĻ āĻā§āύ⧠āύāĻŋā§°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāώā§āĻ āĻŦā§āϝāĻā§āϤāĻŋ, āĻŦāϏā§āϤā§, āĻāύā§āϤ⧠āĻŦāĻž āϏā§āĻĨāĻžāύāĻ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϝāĻŧ, āϤāĻžāĻ Particular Reference āĻŦā§āϞāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
Example: The apple kept on the table was rotten. Here, apple means a particular apple kept on the table. (āĻāϝāĻŧāĻžāϤ apple-āĻ āĻā§āĻŦā§āϞāϤ āĻĨāĻāĻž āĻāĻāĻž āύāĻŋā§°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāώā§āĻ āĻāĻĒā§āϞāĻ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāĻāĻā§āĨ¤)