Percentage (āĻļāϤāĻžāĻāĻļ) â Top 30 Standard Questions for Competitive Exams - 1
Q 5 / āĻĒā§ā§°āĻļā§āύ ā§Ģ: The current population of a city is 1,80,000. If the population increases by 10% per year, what will be the population after 2 years ? (āĻāĻāύ āύāĻā§°ā§° āĻŦā§°ā§āϤāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻāύāϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻž 1,80,000āĨ¤ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻāύāϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻž āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋ āĻŦāĻā§°ā§ 10% āĻšāĻžā§°ā§ āĻŦā§āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāϝāĻŧ, āϤā§āύā§āϤ⧠2 āĻŦāĻā§°ā§° āĻĒāĻŋāĻāϤ āĻāύāϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻž āĻāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻš'āĻŦ ?)
Options / āĻŦāĻŋāĻāϞā§āĻĒāϏāĻŽā§āĻš: A) 2,16,000 B) 2,17,800 C) 2,20,000 D) 2,15,000
Soln / āϏāĻŽāĻžāϧāĻžāύ
Population growth follows compound increase. (āĻāύāϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻž āĻŦā§āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋ āĻāĻā§āϰāĻŦā§āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋ (Compound Growth) āĻ āύā§āϏ⧰āĻŖ āĻā§°ā§āĨ¤)
Formula / āϏā§āϤā§ā§°: Population after n years = P(1 + R/100â)n
Where / āϝ'āϤ, P = 1,80,000, R=10%, n = 2
=1,80,000(1+10/100â)2 = 1,80,000(110/100)2 = 1,80,000×121/100 =1,800 × 121 = 2,17,800 Ans: B) 2,17,800
Q 6 / āĻĒā§ā§°āĻļā§āύ ā§Ŧ : In an examination, the pass mark is 36%. A student scored 190 marks and failed by 26 marks. What was the maximum (total) mark of the examination ? (āĻāĻāĻž āĻĒā§°ā§āĻā§āώāĻžāϤ āĻĒāĻžāĻ āύāĻŽā§āĻŦā§° 36%āĨ¤ āĻāĻāύ āĻāĻžāϤā§ā§°āĻ 190 āύāĻŽā§āĻŦā§° āĻĒāĻžāĻ 26 āύāĻŽā§āĻŦā§°ā§° āĻŦāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻĢā§āϞ āĻā§°āĻŋāϞā§āĨ¤ āĻĒā§°ā§āĻā§āώāĻžāĻā§ā§° āĻŽā§āĻ āύāĻŽā§āĻŦā§° āĻāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻāĻāĻŋāϞ ?)
Options / āĻŦāĻŋāĻāϞā§āĻĒāϏāĻŽā§āĻš: A) 500 B) 600 C) 550 D) 650
Soln / āϏāĻŽāĻžāϧāĻžāύ
The student failed by 26 marks. (āĻāĻžāϤā§ā§°āĻāύ 26 āύāĻŽā§āĻŦā§°ā§° āĻŦāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻĢā§āϞ āĻā§°āĻŋāĻā§āĨ¤)
Therefore, Pass Marks =190 + 26 = 216
Since pass marks = 36% of total marks, (āĻĒāĻžāĻ āύāĻŽā§āĻŦā§° = āĻŽā§āĻ āύāĻŽā§āĻŦā§°ā§° 36%)
36% of Total Marks = 216
36/100 × Total Marks = 216
Total Marks = 216×100/36 = 600
Ans / āĻāϤā§āϤ⧰: B) 600
Q7. If 75 is added to 75% of a number, the result is the number itself. Find the number . (āĻāĻāĻž āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻžā§° 75%-ā§° āϏā§āϤ⧠75 āϝā§āĻ āĻā§°āĻŋāϞ⧠āϝā§āĻāĻĢāϞ āϏā§āĻ āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻžāĻā§ā§ąā§āĻ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻžāĻā§ āύāĻŋā§°ā§āĻŖāϝāĻŧ āĻā§°āĻžāĨ¤)
Options: A) 225 B) 270 C) 300 D) 325
Ans: C) 300
Soln / āϏāĻŽāĻžāϧāĻžāύ
Any number itself is 100%. (āϝāĻŋāĻā§āύ⧠āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻž āύāĻŋāĻā§ 100% āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤)
Given, 75% of the number + 75 = the number
Therefore, Remaining 25% of the number = 75
āĻ ā§°ā§āĻĨāĻžā§, 25% = 75 So,
100% = (75 × 100) / 25 = 300
Therefore, the number is 300. (āĻ āϤāĻāĻŦ, āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻžāĻā§ 300āĨ¤)
Shortcut
If 25% = 75, then
100%
= (75 × 100) / 25 = 300
Ans / āĻāϤā§āϤ⧰: C) 300
Q8. If the radius of a circle is reduced by 50%, by what percentage will the area of the circle decrease ? (āĻāĻāĻž āĻŦā§āϤā§āϤ⧰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāϏāĻžā§°ā§āϧ 50% āĻšā§ā§°āĻžāϏ āĻĒāĻžāϞā§, āĻŦā§āϤā§āϤāĻā§ā§° āĻā§āώā§āϤā§ā§°āĻĢāϞ āĻāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻļāϤāĻžāĻāĻļ āĻšā§ā§°āĻžāϏ āĻĒāĻžāĻŦ ?)
Options:āĻŦāĻŋāĻāϞā§āĻĒāϏāĻŽā§āĻš: A) 50% B) 75% C) 25% D) 60%
Ans: B) 75%
Soln / āϏāĻŽāĻžāϧāĻžāύ
The area of a circle is proportional to the square of its radius. (āĻŦā§āϤā§āϤ⧰ āĻā§āώā§āϤā§ā§°āĻĢāϞ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāϏāĻžā§°ā§āϧ⧰ āĻŦā§°ā§āĻā§° āϏāĻŽāĻžāύā§āĻĒāĻžāϤāĻŋāĻāĨ¤)
Area of Circle / āĻŦā§āϤā§āϤ⧰ āĻā§āώā§āϤā§ā§°āĻĢāϞ: A = πr²
If the radius decreases by 50%, (āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāϏāĻžā§°ā§āϧ 50% āĻšā§ā§°āĻžāϏ āĻĒāĻžāϝāĻŧ,)
New Radius / āύāϤā§āύ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāϏāĻžā§°ā§āϧ = 50% of Original Radius
= 50/100 = 1/2 of the original radius
Therefore, New Area / āύāϤā§āύ āĻā§āώā§āϤā§ā§°āĻĢāϞ
= (1/2)² = 1/4 = 25% of the original area
So, Decrease in Area / āĻā§āώā§āϤā§ā§°āĻĢāϞ⧰ āĻšā§ā§°āĻžāϏ
= 100% − 25% = 75%
Alternative Method / āĻŦāĻŋāĻāϞā§āĻĒ āĻĒāĻĻā§āϧāϤāĻŋ: Successive Change Formula: Change %
= x + y + (xy/100)
Here / āĻāϝāĻŧāĻžāϤ, x = -50, y = -50
Therefore,
= -50 - 50 + [(-50) × (-50)]/100 = -100 + 25 = -75%
Negative sign indicates decrease. (āĻāĻŖāĻžāϤā§āĻŽāĻ āĻāĻŋāĻšā§āύ⧠āĻšā§ā§°āĻžāϏ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤)
Therefore, the area decreases by 75%. (āĻ āϤāĻāĻŦ, āĻā§āώā§āϤā§ā§°āĻĢāϞ 75% āĻšā§ā§°āĻžāϏ āĻĒāĻžāĻŦāĨ¤)
Ans / āĻāϤā§āϤ⧰: B) 75%