Percentage (āĻļāϤāĻžāĻ‚āĻļ) – Top 30 Standard Questions for Competitive Exams - 1




Q 5 / āĻĒā§ā§°āĻļā§āύ ā§Ģ: The current population of a city is 1,80,000. If the population increases by 10% per year, what will be the population after 2 years ? (āĻāĻ–āύ āύāĻ—ā§°ā§° āĻŦā§°ā§āϤāĻŽāĻžāύ āϜāύāϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻž 1,80,000āĨ¤ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āϜāύāϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻž āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋ āĻŦāϛ⧰⧇ 10% āĻšāĻžā§°ā§‡ āĻŦ⧃āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāϝāĻŧ, āϤ⧇āĻ¨ā§āϤ⧇ 2 āĻŦāϛ⧰⧰ āĻĒāĻŋāĻ›āϤ āϜāύāϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻž āĻ•āĻŋāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻš'āĻŦ ?)


Options / āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻ˛ā§āĻĒāϏāĻŽā§‚āĻš: A) 2,16,000  B) 2,17,800  C) 2,20,000  D) 2,15,000


Soln / āϏāĻŽāĻžāϧāĻžāύ


Population growth follows compound increase. (āϜāύāϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻž āĻŦ⧃āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋ āϚāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŦ⧃āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋ (Compound Growth) āĻ…āύ⧁āϏ⧰āĻŖ āϕ⧰⧇āĨ¤)


Formula / āϏ⧂āĻ¤ā§ā§°: Population after n years = P(1 + R/100​)n


Where / āϝ'āϤ, P = 1,80,000, R=10%, n = 2


=1,80,000(1+10/100​)2  = 1,80,000(110/100)2 = 1,80,000×121/100 =1,800 × 121 = 2,17,800 Ans: B) 2,17,800


Q 6 / āĻĒā§ā§°āĻļā§āύ ā§Ŧ : In an examination, the pass mark is 36%. A student scored 190 marks and failed by 26 marks. What was the maximum (total) mark of the examination ? (āĻāϟāĻž āĻĒā§°ā§€āĻ•ā§āώāĻžāϤ āĻĒāĻžāĻ› āύāĻŽā§āĻŦā§° 36%āĨ¤ āĻāϜāύ āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§ā§°āχ 190 āύāĻŽā§āĻŦā§° āĻĒāĻžāχ 26 āύāĻŽā§āĻŦā§°ā§° āĻŦāĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻĢ⧇āϞ āϕ⧰āĻŋāϞ⧇āĨ¤ āĻĒā§°ā§€āĻ•ā§āώāĻžāĻŸā§‹ā§° āĻŽā§āĻ  āύāĻŽā§āĻŦā§° āĻ•āĻŋāĻŽāĻžāύ āφāĻ›āĻŋāϞ ?)


Options / āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻ˛ā§āĻĒāϏāĻŽā§‚āĻš: A) 500  B) 600  C) 550  D) 650


Soln / āϏāĻŽāĻžāϧāĻžāύ


The student failed by 26 marks. (āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§ā§°āϜāύ 26 āύāĻŽā§āĻŦā§°ā§° āĻŦāĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻĢ⧇āϞ āϕ⧰āĻŋāϛ⧇āĨ¤)


Therefore, Pass Marks =190 + 26 = 


Since pass marks = 36% of total marks, (āĻĒāĻžāĻ› āύāĻŽā§āĻŦā§° = āĻŽā§āĻ  āύāĻŽā§āĻŦā§°ā§° 36%)



36/100 × Total Marks = 216


Total Marks = 216×100/36 



Q7. If 75 is added to 75% of a number, the result is the number itself. Find the number . (āĻāϟāĻž āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻžā§° 75%-ā§° āϏ⧈āϤ⧇ 75 āϝ⧋āĻ— āϕ⧰āĻŋāϞ⧇ āϝ⧋āĻ—āĻĢāϞ āϏ⧇āχ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻžāĻŸā§‹ā§ąā§‡āχ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻžāĻŸā§‹ āύāĻŋā§°ā§āĻŖāϝāĻŧ āϕ⧰āĻžāĨ¤)


Options: A) 225 B) 270 C) 300 D) 325


Ans: C) 300


Soln / āϏāĻŽāĻžāϧāĻžāύ


Any number itself is 100%. (āϝāĻŋāϕ⧋āύ⧋ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻž āύāĻŋāĻœā§‡ 100% āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤)


Given, 75% of the number + 75 = the number


Therefore, Remaining 25% of the number = 75


āĻ…ā§°ā§āĻĨāĻžā§Ž, 25% = 75 So,


100% = (75 × 100) / 25 = 300


Therefore, the number is 300. (āĻ…āϤāĻāĻŦ, āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻžāĻŸā§‹ 300āĨ¤)


Shortcut


If 25% = 75, then


100%


= (75 × 100) / 25 = 300


Ans / āωāĻ¤ā§āϤ⧰: C) 300


Q8. If the radius of a circle is reduced by 50%, by what percentage will the area of the circle decrease ? (āĻāϟāĻž āĻŦ⧃āĻ¤ā§āϤ⧰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāϏāĻžā§°ā§āϧ 50% āĻšā§ā§°āĻžāϏ āĻĒāĻžāϞ⧇, āĻŦ⧃āĻ¤ā§āϤāĻŸā§‹ā§° āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§ā§°āĻĢāϞ āĻ•āĻŋāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻļāϤāĻžāĻ‚āĻļ āĻšā§ā§°āĻžāϏ āĻĒāĻžāĻŦ ?)


Options:āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻ˛ā§āĻĒāϏāĻŽā§‚āĻš: A) 50% B) 75% C) 25% D) 60%


Ans: B) 75%


Soln / āϏāĻŽāĻžāϧāĻžāύ


The area of a circle is proportional to the square of its radius. (āĻŦ⧃āĻ¤ā§āϤ⧰ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§ā§°āĻĢāϞ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāϏāĻžā§°ā§āϧ⧰ āĻŦā§°ā§āĻ—ā§° āϏāĻŽāĻžāύ⧁āĻĒāĻžāϤāĻŋāĻ•āĨ¤)


Area of Circle / āĻŦ⧃āĻ¤ā§āϤ⧰ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§ā§°āĻĢāϞ: A = πr²


If the radius decreases by 50%, (āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāϏāĻžā§°ā§āϧ 50% āĻšā§ā§°āĻžāϏ āĻĒāĻžāϝāĻŧ,)


New Radius / āύāϤ⧁āύ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāϏāĻžā§°ā§āϧ = 50% of Original Radius


= 50/100 = 1/2 of the original radius


Therefore, New Area / āύāϤ⧁āύ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§ā§°āĻĢāϞ


= (1/2)² = 1/4 = 25% of the original area


So, Decrease in Area / āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§ā§°āĻĢāϞ⧰ āĻšā§ā§°āĻžāϏ


= 100% − 25% = 75%


Alternative Method / āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻ˛ā§āĻĒ āĻĒāĻĻā§āϧāϤāĻŋ: Successive Change Formula: Change %


= x + y + (xy/100)


Here / āχāϝāĻŧāĻžāϤ, x = -50, y = -50


Therefore,


= -50 - 50 + [(-50) × (-50)]/100 = -100 + 25 = -75%


Negative sign indicates decrease. (āĻ‹āĻŖāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻ• āϚāĻŋāĻšā§āύ⧇ āĻšā§ā§°āĻžāϏ āĻŦ⧁āϜāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤)


Therefore, the area decreases by 75%. (āĻ…āϤāĻāĻŦ, āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§ā§°āĻĢāϞ 75% āĻšā§ā§°āĻžāϏ āĻĒāĻžāĻŦāĨ¤)


Ans / āωāĻ¤ā§āϤ⧰: B) 75%