Quadratic Sequence


Quadratic Sequence āĻŦ⧁āϞāĻŋāϞ⧇ āĻāύ⧇ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻž āϧāĻžā§°āĻžāĻ• āĻŦ⧁āϜāĻžāϝāĻŧ āϝ'āϤ āĻĒā§ā§°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§āĻĨāĻ•ā§āϝ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋā§° āύāĻžāĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇, āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§āĻĨāĻ•ā§āϝ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋā§° āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇āĨ¤


Trick



  • If the first differences are not equal, find the second differences. (āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻĒā§ā§°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§āĻĨāĻ•ā§āϝ āϏāĻŽāĻžāύ āύāĻšāϝāĻŧ, āϤ⧇āĻ¨ā§āϤ⧇ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§āĻĨāĻ•ā§āϝ āωāϞāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻ“āĻ•āĨ¤)

  • If the second differences are constant, it is a Quadratic Sequence. (āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§āĻĨāĻ•ā§āϝ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋā§° āĻšāϝāĻŧ, āϤ⧇āĻ¨ā§āϤ⧇ āϏ⧇āϝāĻŧāĻž Quadratic SequenceāĨ¤)

  • Continue the first differences by adding the constant second difference. (āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋā§° āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§āĻĨāĻ•ā§āϝāĻŸā§‹ āϝ⧋āĻ— āϕ⧰āĻŋ āĻĒā§ā§°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§āĻĨāĻ•ā§āϝ āφāĻ—āĻŦāĻĸāĻŧāĻžāĻ“āĻ•āĨ¤)

  • Then add the new first differences to get the next term(s). (āϤāĻžā§° āĻĒāĻŋāĻ›āϤ āύāϤ⧁āύ āĻĒā§ā§°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§āĻĨāĻ•ā§āϝ āϝ⧋āĻ— āϕ⧰āĻŋ āĻĒā§°ā§ąā§°ā§āϤ⧀ āĻĒāĻĻ(āϏāĻŽā§‚āĻš) āωāϞāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻ“āĻ•āĨ¤)


Formula / āϏ⧂āĻ¤ā§ā§° (Memory Trick / āĻŽāύāϤ ā§°āĻ–āĻžā§° āĻŸā§ā§°āĻŋāĻ•)


Sequence (āϧāĻžā§°āĻž) → First Difference (āĻĒā§ā§°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§āĻĨāĻ•ā§āϝ) → Second Difference (Constant) (āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§āĻĨāĻ•ā§āϝ (āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋā§°) ) → Continue the Difference (āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§āĻĨāĻ•ā§āϝ āφāĻ—āĻŦāĻĸāĻŧāĻžāĻ“āĻ•) → Next Term (āĻĒā§°ā§ąā§°ā§āϤ⧀ āĻĒāĻĻ


Tips / āϟāĻŋāĻĒāĻ›



  • Same First Difference → Arithmetic Sequence (āĻĒā§ā§°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§āĻĨāĻ•ā§āϝ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋā§° → Arithmetic Sequence)

  • Same Second Difference → Quadratic Sequence (āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§āĻĨāĻ•ā§āϝ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋā§° → Quadratic Sequence)


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Note



  • First Difference: Subtract each term from the next term. (āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋāĻŸā§‹ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻžā§° āĻĒā§°āĻž āϤāĻžā§° āĻĒāĻŋāϛ⧰ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻžāĻŸā§‹ āĻŦāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§‹āĻ— āϕ⧰āĻ•āĨ¤)

  • Second Difference : Subtract each first difference from the next first difference. (āĻĒā§ā§°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§āĻĨāĻ•ā§āϝ⧰ āĻĒā§°āĻž āϤāĻžā§° āĻĒāĻŋāϛ⧰ āĻĒā§ā§°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§āĻĨāĻ•ā§āϝāĻŸā§‹ āĻŦāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§‹āĻ— āϕ⧰āĻ•āĨ¤)


Ex 1: Find the Next Two Terms (āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšā§°āĻŖ ā§§: āĻĒā§°ā§ąā§°ā§āϤ⧀ āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻž āĻĒāĻĻ āύāĻŋā§°ā§āĻŖāϝāĻŧ āϕ⧰āĻ•)


Question / āĻĒā§ā§°āĻļā§āύ: 3, 8, 15, 24, 35, ___, ___


Shortcut :



  • First Difference: 5, 7, 9, 11

  • Second Difference: 2, 2, 2


Trick:



  • 11 + 2 = 13

  • 13 + 2 = 15


Now, 35 + 13 = 48, 48 + 15 = 63


Ans: 48, 63


Ex 2: Find the Next Term (āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšā§°āĻŖ ⧍: āĻĒā§°ā§ąā§°ā§āϤ⧀ āĻĒāĻĻ āύāĻŋā§°ā§āĻŖāϝāĻŧ āϕ⧰āĻ•)


Question / āĻĒā§ā§°āĻļā§āύ: 5, 10, 17, 26, 37, ___


Shortcut :



  • First Difference: 5, 7, 9, 11

  • Second Difference: 2

  • Next Difference: 13

  • 37 + 13 = 50


Ans: 50


Note



  • First Difference: Subtract each term from the next term. (āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋāĻŸā§‹ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻžā§° āĻĒā§°āĻž āϤāĻžā§° āĻĒāĻŋāϛ⧰ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻžāĻŸā§‹ āĻŦāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§‹āĻ— āϕ⧰āĻ•āĨ¤)

  • Second Difference : Subtract each first difference from the next first difference. āĻĒā§ā§°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§āĻĨāĻ•ā§āϝ⧰ āĻĒā§°āĻž āϤāĻžā§° āĻĒāĻŋāϛ⧰ āĻĒā§ā§°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§āĻĨāĻ•ā§āϝāĻŸā§‹ āĻŦāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§‹āĻ— āϕ⧰āĻ•āĨ¤


Ex 3: Find the Missing Number (āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšā§°āĻŖ ā§Š: āĻ…āύ⧁āĻĒāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāϤ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻžāĻŸā§‹ āύāĻŋā§°ā§āĻŖāϝāĻŧ āϕ⧰āĻ•)


Question / āĻĒā§ā§°āĻļā§āύ: 2, 6, 12, ___, 30


Shortcut :



  • First Difference: 4, 6, ?, ? (6 - 2 = 4, 12 - 6 = 6

  • Second Difference: 2 (6 - 4 = 2)

  • Continue: 4, 6, 8, 10

  • 12 + 8 = 20

  • 20 + 10 = 30

  • Ans: 20


Ex 4: Find the Next Two Terms (āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšā§°āĻŖ ā§Ē: āĻĒā§°ā§ąā§°ā§āϤ⧀ āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻž āĻĒāĻĻ āύāĻŋā§°ā§āĻŖāϝāĻŧ āϕ⧰āĻ•)


Question / āĻĒā§ā§°āĻļā§āύ: 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, ___, ___


Shortcut : 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, ?, ?



  • First Difference: 3, 5, 7, 9

  • Second Difference: 2

  • Continue: 11, 13

  • 25 + 11 = 36

  • 36 + 13 = 49


Ans: 36, 49


Note



  • First Difference: Subtract each term from the next term. (āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋāĻŸā§‹ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻžā§° āĻĒā§°āĻž āϤāĻžā§° āĻĒāĻŋāϛ⧰ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻžāĻŸā§‹ āĻŦāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§‹āĻ— āϕ⧰āĻ•āĨ¤)

  • Second Difference : Subtract each first difference from the next first difference. (āĻĒā§ā§°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§āĻĨāĻ•ā§āϝ⧰ āĻĒā§°āĻž āϤāĻžā§° āĻĒāĻŋāϛ⧰ āĻĒā§ā§°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§āĻĨāĻ•ā§āϝāĻŸā§‹ āĻŦāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§‹āĻ— āϕ⧰āĻ•āĨ¤)