Quadratic Sequence
Quadratic Sequence āĻŦā§āϞāĻŋāϞ⧠āĻāύ⧠āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻž āϧāĻžā§°āĻžāĻ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϝāĻŧ āϝ'āϤ āĻĒā§ā§°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§āĻĨāĻā§āϝ āϏā§āĻĨāĻŋā§° āύāĻžāĻĨāĻžāĻā§, āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϤā§āϝāĻŧ āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§āĻĨāĻā§āϝ āϏā§āĻĨāĻŋā§° āĻĨāĻžāĻā§āĨ¤
Trick
- If the first differences are not equal, find the second differences. (āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻĒā§ā§°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§āĻĨāĻā§āϝ āϏāĻŽāĻžāύ āύāĻšāϝāĻŧ, āϤā§āύā§āϤ⧠āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϤā§āϝāĻŧ āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§āĻĨāĻā§āϝ āĻāϞāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻāĻāĨ¤)
- If the second differences are constant, it is a Quadratic Sequence. (āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϤā§āϝāĻŧ āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§āĻĨāĻā§āϝ āϏā§āĻĨāĻŋā§° āĻšāϝāĻŧ, āϤā§āύā§āϤ⧠āϏā§āϝāĻŧāĻž Quadratic SequenceāĨ¤)
- Continue the first differences by adding the constant second difference. (āϏā§āĻĨāĻŋā§° āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϤā§āϝāĻŧ āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§āĻĨāĻā§āϝāĻā§ āϝā§āĻ āĻā§°āĻŋ āĻĒā§ā§°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§āĻĨāĻā§āϝ āĻāĻāĻŦāĻĸāĻŧāĻžāĻāĻāĨ¤)
- Then add the new first differences to get the next term(s). (āϤāĻžā§° āĻĒāĻŋāĻāϤ āύāϤā§āύ āĻĒā§ā§°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§āĻĨāĻā§āϝ āϝā§āĻ āĻā§°āĻŋ āĻĒā§°ā§ąā§°ā§āϤ⧠āĻĒāĻĻ(āϏāĻŽā§āĻš) āĻāϞāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻāĻāĨ¤)
Formula / āϏā§āϤā§ā§° (Memory Trick / āĻŽāύāϤ ā§°āĻāĻžā§° āĻā§ā§°āĻŋāĻ)
Sequence (āϧāĻžā§°āĻž) → First Difference (āĻĒā§ā§°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§āĻĨāĻā§āϝ) → Second Difference (Constant) (āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϤā§āϝāĻŧ āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§āĻĨāĻā§āϝ (āϏā§āĻĨāĻŋā§°) ) → Continue the Difference (āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§āĻĨāĻā§āϝ āĻāĻāĻŦāĻĸāĻŧāĻžāĻāĻ) → Next Term (āĻĒā§°ā§ąā§°ā§āϤ⧠āĻĒāĻĻ
Tips / āĻāĻŋāĻĒāĻ
- Same First Difference → Arithmetic Sequence (āĻĒā§ā§°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§āĻĨāĻā§āϝ āϏā§āĻĨāĻŋā§° → Arithmetic Sequence)
- Same Second Difference → Quadratic Sequence (āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϤā§āϝāĻŧ āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§āĻĨāĻā§āϝ āϏā§āĻĨāĻŋā§° → Quadratic Sequence)
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Note:
- First Difference: Subtract each term from the next term. (āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋāĻā§ āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻžā§° āĻĒā§°āĻž āϤāĻžā§° āĻĒāĻŋāĻā§° āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻžāĻā§ āĻŦāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§āĻ āĻā§°āĻāĨ¤)
- Second Difference : Subtract each first difference from the next first difference. (āĻĒā§ā§°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§āĻĨāĻā§āϝ⧰ āĻĒā§°āĻž āϤāĻžā§° āĻĒāĻŋāĻā§° āĻĒā§ā§°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§āĻĨāĻā§āϝāĻā§ āĻŦāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§āĻ āĻā§°āĻāĨ¤)
Ex 1: Find the Next Two Terms (āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšā§°āĻŖ ā§§: āĻĒā§°ā§ąā§°ā§āϤ⧠āĻĻā§āĻāĻž āĻĒāĻĻ āύāĻŋā§°ā§āĻŖāϝāĻŧ āĻā§°āĻ)
Question / āĻĒā§ā§°āĻļā§āύ: 3, 8, 15, 24, 35, ___, ___
Shortcut :
- First Difference: 5, 7, 9, 11
- Second Difference: 2, 2, 2
Trick:
- 11 + 2 = 13
- 13 + 2 = 15
Now, 35 + 13 = 48, 48 + 15 = 63
Ans: 48, 63
Ex 2: Find the Next Term (āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšā§°āĻŖ ⧍: āĻĒā§°ā§ąā§°ā§āϤ⧠āĻĒāĻĻ āύāĻŋā§°ā§āĻŖāϝāĻŧ āĻā§°āĻ)
Question / āĻĒā§ā§°āĻļā§āύ: 5, 10, 17, 26, 37, ___
Shortcut :
- First Difference: 5, 7, 9, 11
- Second Difference: 2
- Next Difference: 13
- 37 + 13 = 50
Ans: 50
Note:
- First Difference: Subtract each term from the next term. (āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋāĻā§ āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻžā§° āĻĒā§°āĻž āϤāĻžā§° āĻĒāĻŋāĻā§° āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻžāĻā§ āĻŦāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§āĻ āĻā§°āĻāĨ¤)
- Second Difference : Subtract each first difference from the next first difference. āĻĒā§ā§°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§āĻĨāĻā§āϝ⧰ āĻĒā§°āĻž āϤāĻžā§° āĻĒāĻŋāĻā§° āĻĒā§ā§°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§āĻĨāĻā§āϝāĻā§ āĻŦāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§āĻ āĻā§°āĻāĨ¤
Ex 3: Find the Missing Number (āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšā§°āĻŖ ā§Š: āĻ āύā§āĻĒāϏā§āĻĨāĻŋāϤ āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻžāĻā§ āύāĻŋā§°ā§āĻŖāϝāĻŧ āĻā§°āĻ)
Question / āĻĒā§ā§°āĻļā§āύ: 2, 6, 12, ___, 30
Shortcut :
- First Difference: 4, 6, ?, ? (6 - 2 = 4, 12 - 6 = 6
- Second Difference: 2 (6 - 4 = 2)
- Continue: 4, 6, 8, 10
- 12 + 8 = 20
- 20 + 10 = 30
- Ans: 20
Ex 4: Find the Next Two Terms (āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšā§°āĻŖ ā§Ē: āĻĒā§°ā§ąā§°ā§āϤ⧠āĻĻā§āĻāĻž āĻĒāĻĻ āύāĻŋā§°ā§āĻŖāϝāĻŧ āĻā§°āĻ)
Question / āĻĒā§ā§°āĻļā§āύ: 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, ___, ___
Shortcut : 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, ?, ?
- First Difference: 3, 5, 7, 9
- Second Difference: 2
- Continue: 11, 13
- 25 + 11 = 36
- 36 + 13 = 49
Ans: 36, 49
Note:
- First Difference: Subtract each term from the next term. (āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋāĻā§ āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻžā§° āĻĒā§°āĻž āϤāĻžā§° āĻĒāĻŋāĻā§° āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻžāĻā§ āĻŦāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§āĻ āĻā§°āĻāĨ¤)
- Second Difference : Subtract each first difference from the next first difference. (āĻĒā§ā§°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§āĻĨāĻā§āϝ⧰ āĻĒā§°āĻž āϤāĻžā§° āĻĒāĻŋāĻā§° āĻĒā§ā§°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§āĻĨāĻā§āϝāĻā§ āĻŦāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§āĻ āĻā§°āĻāĨ¤)