What is a pattern ? - 1 (āĻā§°ā§āĻšāĻŋ) āĻāĻŋ ? // Introduction to Patterns (āĻā§°ā§āĻšāĻŋā§° āĻĒā§°āĻŋāĻāϝāĻŧ)
Square and Cube Numbers (āĻŦā§°ā§āĻ āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻž āĻā§°ā§ āĻāύ āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻž)
Q1. Complete the square -number pattern. āĻĒā§ā§°āĻļā§āύ ā§§: āĻŦā§°ā§āĻ āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻžā§° āĻā§°ā§āĻšāĻŋāĻā§ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒā§ā§°ā§āĻŖ āĻā§°āĻžāĨ¤
1, 4, 9, 16, 25, ___
Solution / āϏāĻŽāĻžāϧāĻžāύ: 1 = 1², 4 = 2², 9 = 3², 16 = 4², 25 = 5²
The next number is (āĻĒā§°ā§ąā§°ā§āϤ⧠āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻž āĻš'āϞ) 6² = 36.
Ans / āĻāϤā§āϤ⧰: 36
Note: Square numbers are obtained by multiplying a number by itself. (āĻŦā§°ā§āĻ āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻž āĻā§āύ⧠āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻžāĻ āύāĻŋāĻā§°ā§ āĻā§āĻŖ āĻā§°āĻŋāϞ⧠āĻĒā§ā§ąāĻž āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤)
Q2. Find the next cube number. āĻĒā§ā§°āĻļā§āύ ⧍: āĻĒā§°ā§ąā§°ā§āϤ⧠āĻāύ āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻžāĻā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻžā§°āĻžāĨ¤
1, 8, 27, 64, 125, ___
Solution / āϏāĻŽāĻžāϧāĻžāύ: 1 = 1³, 8 = 2³, 27 = 3³, 64 = 4³, 125 = 5³
The next cube number is:āĻĒā§°ā§ąā§°ā§āϤ⧠āĻāύ āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻžāĻā§ āĻšā§āĻā§: 6³ = 6 × 6 × 6 = 216
Ans / āĻāϤā§āϤ⧰: 216
Key Point / āĻŽā§āϞ āĻāĻĨāĻž: Cube numbers are obtained by multiplying a number by itself three times. (āĻāύ āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻž āĻā§āύ⧠āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻžāĻ āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋāĻŦāĻžā§° āĻā§āĻŖ āĻā§°āĻŋāϞ⧠āĻĒā§ā§ąāĻž āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤)
Q3. Which number is both triangular and square ? āĻĒā§ā§°āĻļā§āύ ā§Š: āĻā§āύāĻā§ āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻž āĻāĻā§āϞāĻā§ āϤā§ā§°āĻŋāĻā§āĻā§āϝāĻŧ āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻž āĻā§°ā§ āĻŦā§°ā§āĻ āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻž ?
Solution / āϏāĻŽāĻžāϧāĻžāύ:
Triangular number: āϤā§ā§°āĻŋāĻā§āĻā§āϝāĻŧ āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻž: 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 = 36
Square number:āĻŦā§°ā§āĻ āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻž: 6² = 36
Since 36 is both a triangular number and a square number, the answer is 36. (āϝāĻŋāĻšā§āϤ⧠36 āϤā§ā§°āĻŋāĻā§āĻā§āϝāĻŧ āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻžāĻ āĻā§°ā§ āĻŦā§°ā§āĻ āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻžāĻ, āϏā§āϝāĻŧā§ āĻāϤā§āϤ⧰ 36āĨ¤)
Ans / āĻāϤā§āϤ⧰: 36
Note: Some numbers belong to more than one pattern. 36 is both a triangular number and a square number. (āĻāĻŋāĻā§āĻŽāĻžāύ āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻž āĻāĻāĻžāϤāĻā§ āĻ āϧāĻŋāĻ āĻā§°ā§āĻšāĻŋā§° āĻ āύā§āϤ⧰ā§āĻāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ 36 āĻāĻā§āϞāĻā§ āϤā§ā§°āĻŋāĻā§āĻā§āϝāĻŧ āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻžāĻ āĻā§°ā§ āĻŦā§°ā§āĻ āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻžāĻāĨ¤)
Trick / āĻā§āĻļāϞ
- Square Number (āĻŦā§°ā§āĻ āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻž) = n² = n × n
- Cube Number (āĻāύ āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻž) = n³ = n × n × n
- 36 is a special number because it is both a triangular number and a square number. (36 āĻāĻāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āώ āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻž, āĻāĻžā§°āĻŖ āĻ āϤā§ā§°āĻŋāĻā§āĻā§āϝāĻŧ āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻžāĻ āĻā§°ā§ āĻŦā§°ā§āĻ āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻžāĻāĨ¤)
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Triangular Numbers (āϤā§ā§°āĻŋāĻā§āĻā§āϝāĻŧ āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻž)
What are Triangular Numbers ? / āϤā§ā§°āĻŋāĻā§āĻā§āϝāĻŧ āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻž āĻāĻŋ ?
A triangular number is formed by adding consecutive natural numbers starting from 1. These numbers can be arranged in the shape of a triangle. āϤā§ā§°āĻŋāĻā§āĻā§āϝāĻŧ āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻž āĻšā§āĻā§ 1ā§° āĻĒā§°āĻž āĻā§°āĻŽā§āĻ āĻā§°āĻŋ āĻā§ā§°āĻŽāĻžāĻāϤ āϏā§āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻžā§ąāĻŋāĻ āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻžāϏāĻŽā§āĻš āϝā§āĻ āĻā§°āĻŋ āĻĒā§ā§ąāĻž āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻžāĨ¤ āĻāĻ āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻžāĻŦā§ā§°āĻ āϤā§ā§°āĻŋāĻā§āĻā§° āĻāĻā§āϤāĻŋāϤ āϏāĻāĻžāĻŦ āĻĒāĻžā§°āĻŋāĨ¤
Q1. Complete the triangular-number pattern. āĻĒā§ā§°āĻļā§āύ ā§§: āϤā§ā§°āĻŋāĻā§āĻā§āϝāĻŧ āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻžā§° āĻā§°ā§āĻšāĻŋāĻā§ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒā§ā§°ā§āĻŖ āĻā§°āĻžāĨ¤1, 3, 6, 10, 15, ___
Solution / āϏāĻŽāĻžāϧāĻžāύ:
The numbers added are:āϝā§āĻ āĻšā§ā§ąāĻž āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻžāĻŦā§ā§° āĻšā§āĻā§: +2, +3, +4, +5
The next number is obtained by adding 6. āĻĒā§°ā§ąā§°ā§āϤ⧠āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻž āĻĒāĻžāĻŦāϞ⧠6 āϝā§āĻ āĻā§°āĻŋāĻŦ āϞāĻžāĻā§āĨ¤
15 + 6 = 21
Ans / āĻāϤā§āϤ⧰: 21
Q2. Find the next two triangular numbers. āĻĒā§ā§°āĻļā§āύ ⧍: āĻĒā§°ā§ąā§°ā§āϤ⧠āĻĻā§āĻāĻž āϤā§ā§°āĻŋāĻā§āĻā§āϝāĻŧ āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻžā§°āĻžāĨ¤
3, 6, 10, 15, ___, ___
Solution / āϏāĻŽāĻžāϧāĻžāύ:
The next differences are:āĻĒā§°ā§ąā§°ā§āϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§āĻĨāĻā§āϝ āĻšā§āĻā§: + 6, + 7
15 + 6 = 21
21 + 7 = 28
Ans / āĻāϤā§āϤ⧰: 21, 28
Q3. Is 10 a triangular number ? āĻĒā§ā§°āĻļā§āύ ā§Š: 10 āĻāĻāĻž āϤā§ā§°āĻŋāĻā§āĻā§āϝāĻŧ āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻž āύā§āĻāĻŋ ?
Solution / āϏāĻŽāĻžāϧāĻžāύ:
1 + 2 + 3 + 4 = 10
Therefore, 10 can be represented by arranging ten dots in the shape of a triangle. (āϏā§āϝāĻŧā§ 10āĻāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāύā§āĻĻā§āĻ āϤā§ā§°āĻŋāĻā§āĻā§° āĻāĻā§āϤāĻŋāϤ āϏāĻāĻžāĻŦ āĻĒāĻžā§°āĻŋāĨ¤)
Ans / āĻāϤā§āϤ⧰: Yes, 10 is a triangular number. / āĻšāϝāĻŧ, 10 āĻāĻāĻž āϤā§ā§°āĻŋāĻā§āĻā§āϝāĻŧ āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻžāĨ¤
Triangular Number Pattern (āϤā§ā§°āĻŋāĻā§āĻā§āϝāĻŧ āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻžā§° āĻā§°ā§āĻšāĻŋ)
General Rule / āϏāĻžāϧāĻžā§°āĻŖ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻŽ
The nth triangular number is:n-āϤāĻŽ āϤā§ā§°āĻŋāĻā§āĻā§āϝāĻŧ āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻž āĻš'āϞ:
Tn = n(n+1)/2
Note:
- Triangular numbers: 1, 3, 6, 10, 15, 21, 28, 36, ...
- Pattern: Add 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, ...
- 10 = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4, so 10 is a triangular number.
Trick / āĻā§āĻļāϞ : To get the next triangular number, add the next natural number. (āĻĒā§°ā§ąā§°ā§āϤ⧠āϤā§ā§°āĻŋāĻā§āĻā§āϝāĻŧ āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻž āĻĒāĻžāĻŦāϞ⧠āĻĒā§°ā§ąā§°ā§āϤ⧠āϏā§āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻžā§ąāĻŋāĻ āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻžāĻā§ āϝā§āĻ āĻā§°āĻāĨ¤)
Q. Is 10 a triangular number ? How ? āĻĒā§ā§°āĻļā§āύ: 10 āĻāĻāĻž āϤā§ā§°āĻŋāĻā§āĻā§āϝāĻŧ āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻž āύā§āĻāĻŋ ? āĻā§āύā§āĻā§ ?
Ans / āĻāϤā§āϤ⧰: Yes, 10 is a triangular number. (āĻšāϝāĻŧ, 10 āĻāĻāĻž āϤā§ā§°āĻŋāĻā§āĻā§āϝāĻŧ āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻžāĨ¤)
Explanation: A triangular number is obtained by adding consecutive natural numbers starting from 1. āϤā§ā§°āĻŋāĻā§āĻā§āϝāĻŧ āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻž (Triangular Number) āĻšā§āĻā§ 1ā§° āĻĒā§°āĻž āĻā§°āĻŽā§āĻ āĻā§°āĻŋ āĻā§ā§°āĻŽāĻžāĻāϤ āϏā§āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻžā§ąāĻŋāĻ āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻžāĻŦā§ā§° āϝā§āĻ āĻā§°āĻŋ āĻĒā§ā§ąāĻž āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻžāĨ¤
For 10: 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 = 10. 10-ā§° āĻā§āώā§āϤā§ā§°āϤ: 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 = 10āĨ¤
Since 10 is the sum of the first 4 natural numbers, it is the 4th triangular number. āϝāĻŋāĻšā§āϤ⧠10 āĻšā§āĻā§ āĻĒā§ā§°āĻĨāĻŽ 4āĻāĻž āϏā§āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻžā§ąāĻŋāĻ āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻžā§° āϝā§āĻāĻĢāϞ, āϏā§āϝāĻŧā§ 10 āĻšā§āĻā§ ā§Ēā§°ā§āĻĨ āϤā§ā§°āĻŋāĻā§āĻā§āϝāĻŧ āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻžāĨ¤
It can also be arranged as dots in the shape of a triangle. āĻāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻ āĻŦāĻŋāύā§āĻĻā§āĻŦā§ā§° āϤā§ā§°āĻŋāĻā§āĻā§° āĻāĻā§āϤāĻŋāϤ āϏāĻāĻžāĻŦ āĻĒāĻžā§°āĻŋāĨ¤
Total dots (āĻŽā§āĻ āĻŦāĻŋāύā§āĻĻā§) = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 = 10
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