What is a pattern ? - 1 (āĻ†ā§°ā§āĻšāĻŋ) āĻ•āĻŋ ? // Introduction to Patterns (āĻ†ā§°ā§āĻšāĻŋā§° āĻĒā§°āĻŋāϚāϝāĻŧ)













Square and Cube Numbers (āĻŦā§°ā§āĻ— āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻž āφ⧰⧁ āϘāύ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻž)


Q1. Complete the square  -number patternāĻĒā§ā§°āĻļā§āύ ā§§: āĻŦā§°ā§āĻ— āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻžā§° āĻ†ā§°ā§āĻšāĻŋāĻŸā§‹ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒā§‚ā§°ā§āĻŖ āϕ⧰āĻžāĨ¤

1, 4, 9, 16, 25, ___


Solution / āϏāĻŽāĻžāϧāĻžāύ: 1 = 1², 4 = 2², 9 = 3², 16 = 4², 25 = 5²


The next number is (āĻĒā§°ā§ąā§°ā§āϤ⧀ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻž āĻš'āϞ) 6² = 36.


Ans / āωāĻ¤ā§āϤ⧰: 36


Note: Square numbers are obtained by multiplying a number by itself. (āĻŦā§°ā§āĻ— āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻž āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻžāĻ• āύāĻŋāĻœā§°ā§‡ āϗ⧁āĻŖ āϕ⧰āĻŋāϞ⧇ āĻĒā§‹ā§ąāĻž āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤)


Q2. Find the next cube numberāĻĒā§ā§°āĻļā§āύ ⧍: āĻĒā§°ā§ąā§°ā§āϤ⧀ āϘāύ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻžāĻŸā§‹ āĻŦāĻŋāϚāĻžā§°āĻžāĨ¤

1, 8, 27, 64, 125, ___


Solution / āϏāĻŽāĻžāϧāĻžāύ: 1 = 1³, 8 = 2³, 27 = 3³, 64 = 4³, 125 = 5³


The next cube number is:āĻĒā§°ā§ąā§°ā§āϤ⧀ āϘāύ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻžāĻŸā§‹ āĻšā§ˆāϛ⧇: 6³ = 6 × 6 × 6 = 216


Ans / āωāĻ¤ā§āϤ⧰: 216


Key Point / āĻŽā§‚āϞ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž: Cube numbers are obtained by multiplying a number by itself three times. (āϘāύ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻž āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻžāĻ• āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋāĻŦāĻžā§° āϗ⧁āĻŖ āϕ⧰āĻŋāϞ⧇ āĻĒā§‹ā§ąāĻž āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤)


Q3. Which number is both triangular and square ? āĻĒā§ā§°āĻļā§āύ ā§Š: āϕ⧋āύāĻŸā§‹ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻž āĻāϕ⧇āϞāϗ⧇ āĻ¤ā§ā§°āĻŋāϭ⧁āĻœā§€āϝāĻŧ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻž āφ⧰⧁ āĻŦā§°ā§āĻ— āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻž ?

Solution / āϏāĻŽāĻžāϧāĻžāύ:


Triangular number: āĻ¤ā§ā§°āĻŋāϭ⧁āĻœā§€āϝāĻŧ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻž: 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 = 36


Square number:āĻŦā§°ā§āĻ— āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻž: 6² = 36


Since 36 is both a triangular number and a square number, the answer is 36. (āϝāĻŋāĻšā§‡āϤ⧁ 36 āĻ¤ā§ā§°āĻŋāϭ⧁āĻœā§€āϝāĻŧ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻžāĻ“ āφ⧰⧁ āĻŦā§°ā§āĻ— āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻžāĻ“, āϏ⧇āϝāĻŧ⧇ āωāĻ¤ā§āϤ⧰ 36āĨ¤)


Ans / āωāĻ¤ā§āϤ⧰: 36


Note: Some numbers belong to more than one pattern. 36 is both a triangular number and a square number. (āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁āĻŽāĻžāύ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻž āĻāϟāĻžāϤāĻ•ā§ˆ āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ• āĻ†ā§°ā§āĻšāĻŋā§° āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§°ā§āĻ—āϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ 36 āĻāϕ⧇āϞāϗ⧇ āĻ¤ā§ā§°āĻŋāϭ⧁āĻœā§€āϝāĻŧ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻžāĻ“ āφ⧰⧁ āĻŦā§°ā§āĻ— āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻžāĻ“āĨ¤)


Trick / āĻ•ā§ŒāĻļāϞ

  • Square Number (āĻŦā§°ā§āĻ— āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻž) = n² = n × n

  • Cube Number (āϘāύ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻž) = n³ = n × n × n

  • 36 is a special number because it is both a triangular number and a square number. (36 āĻāϟāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āώ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻž, āĻ•āĻžā§°āĻŖ āχ āĻ¤ā§ā§°āĻŋāϭ⧁āĻœā§€āϝāĻŧ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻžāĻ“ āφ⧰⧁ āĻŦā§°ā§āĻ— āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻžāĻ“āĨ¤)


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Triangular Numbers (āĻ¤ā§ā§°āĻŋāϭ⧁āĻœā§€āϝāĻŧ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻž)


What are Triangular Numbers ? / āĻ¤ā§ā§°āĻŋāϭ⧁āĻœā§€āϝāĻŧ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻž āĻ•āĻŋ ?

A triangular number is formed by adding consecutive natural numbers starting from 1. These numbers can be arranged in the shape of a triangle. āĻ¤ā§ā§°āĻŋāϭ⧁āĻœā§€āϝāĻŧ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻž āĻšā§ˆāϛ⧇ 1ā§° āĻĒā§°āĻž āφ⧰āĻŽā§āĻ­ āϕ⧰āĻŋ āĻ•ā§ā§°āĻŽāĻžāĻ—āϤ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ­āĻžā§ąāĻŋāĻ• āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻžāϏāĻŽā§‚āĻš āϝ⧋āĻ— āϕ⧰āĻŋ āĻĒā§‹ā§ąāĻž āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻžāĨ¤ āĻāχ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻžāĻŦā§‹ā§°āĻ• āĻ¤ā§ā§°āĻŋāϭ⧁āϜ⧰ āφāĻ•ā§ƒāϤāĻŋāϤ āϏāϜāĻžāĻŦ āĻĒāĻžā§°āĻŋāĨ¤


Q1. Complete the triangular-number pattern. āĻĒā§ā§°āĻļā§āύ ā§§: āĻ¤ā§ā§°āĻŋāϭ⧁āĻœā§€āϝāĻŧ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻžā§° āĻ†ā§°ā§āĻšāĻŋāĻŸā§‹ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒā§‚ā§°ā§āĻŖ āϕ⧰āĻžāĨ¤1, 3, 6, 10, 15, ___

Solution / āϏāĻŽāĻžāϧāĻžāύ:


The numbers added are:āϝ⧋āĻ— āĻšā§‹ā§ąāĻž āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻžāĻŦā§‹ā§° āĻšā§ˆāϛ⧇: +2, +3, +4, +5


The next number is obtained by adding 6. āĻĒā§°ā§ąā§°ā§āϤ⧀ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻž āĻĒāĻžāĻŦāϞ⧈ 6 āϝ⧋āĻ— āϕ⧰āĻŋāĻŦ āϞāĻžāϗ⧇āĨ¤


15 + 6 = 21


Ans / āωāĻ¤ā§āϤ⧰: 21


Q2. Find the next two triangular numbers. āĻĒā§ā§°āĻļā§āύ ⧍: āĻĒā§°ā§ąā§°ā§āϤ⧀ āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻž āĻ¤ā§ā§°āĻŋāϭ⧁āĻœā§€āϝāĻŧ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāϚāĻžā§°āĻžāĨ¤

3, 6, 10, 15, ___, ___


Solution / āϏāĻŽāĻžāϧāĻžāύ:


The next differences are:āĻĒā§°ā§ąā§°ā§āϤ⧀ āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§āĻĨāĻ•ā§āϝ āĻšā§ˆāϛ⧇: + 6, + 7


15 + 6 = 21


21 + 7 = 28


Ans / āωāĻ¤ā§āϤ⧰: 21, 28


Q3. Is 10 a triangular number ? āĻĒā§ā§°āĻļā§āύ ā§Š: 10 āĻāϟāĻž āĻ¤ā§ā§°āĻŋāϭ⧁āĻœā§€āϝāĻŧ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻž āύ⧇āĻ•āĻŋ ?

Solution / āϏāĻŽāĻžāϧāĻžāύ:


1 + 2 + 3 + 4 = 10


Therefore, 10 can be represented by arranging ten dots in the shape of a triangle. (āϏ⧇āϝāĻŧ⧇ 10āϟāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻĻ⧁āĻ• āĻ¤ā§ā§°āĻŋāϭ⧁āϜ⧰ āφāĻ•ā§ƒāϤāĻŋāϤ āϏāϜāĻžāĻŦ āĻĒāĻžā§°āĻŋāĨ¤)


Ans / āωāĻ¤ā§āϤ⧰: Yes, 10 is a triangular number. / āĻšāϝāĻŧ, 10 āĻāϟāĻž āĻ¤ā§ā§°āĻŋāϭ⧁āĻœā§€āϝāĻŧ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻžāĨ¤


Triangular Number Pattern (āĻ¤ā§ā§°āĻŋāϭ⧁āĻœā§€āϝāĻŧ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻžā§° āĻ†ā§°ā§āĻšāĻŋ)


General Rule / āϏāĻžāϧāĻžā§°āĻŖ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻŽ


The nth triangular number is:n-āϤāĻŽ āĻ¤ā§ā§°āĻŋāϭ⧁āĻœā§€āϝāĻŧ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻž āĻš'āϞ:


Tn = n(n+1)/2


Note:



  • Triangular numbers: 1, 3, 6, 10, 15, 21, 28, 36, ...

  • Pattern: Add 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, ...

  • 10 = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4, so 10 is a triangular number.


Trick / āĻ•ā§ŒāĻļāϞ : To get the next triangular number, add the next natural number. (āĻĒā§°ā§ąā§°ā§āϤ⧀ āĻ¤ā§ā§°āĻŋāϭ⧁āĻœā§€āϝāĻŧ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻž āĻĒāĻžāĻŦāϞ⧈ āĻĒā§°ā§ąā§°ā§āϤ⧀ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ­āĻžā§ąāĻŋāĻ• āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻžāĻŸā§‹ āϝ⧋āĻ— āϕ⧰āĻ•āĨ¤)


Q. Is 10 a triangular number ? How ? āĻĒā§ā§°āĻļā§āύ: 10 āĻāϟāĻž āĻ¤ā§ā§°āĻŋāϭ⧁āĻœā§€āϝāĻŧ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻž āύ⧇āĻ•āĻŋ ? āϕ⧇āύ⧇āĻ•ā§ˆ ?


Ans / āωāĻ¤ā§āϤ⧰: Yes, 10 is a triangular number. (āĻšāϝāĻŧ, 10 āĻāϟāĻž āĻ¤ā§ā§°āĻŋāϭ⧁āĻœā§€āϝāĻŧ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻžāĨ¤)


Explanation:  A triangular number is obtained by adding consecutive natural numbers starting from 1. āĻ¤ā§ā§°āĻŋāϭ⧁āĻœā§€āϝāĻŧ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻž (Triangular Number) āĻšā§ˆāϛ⧇ 1ā§° āĻĒā§°āĻž āφ⧰āĻŽā§āĻ­ āϕ⧰āĻŋ āĻ•ā§ā§°āĻŽāĻžāĻ—āϤ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ­āĻžā§ąāĻŋāĻ• āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻžāĻŦā§‹ā§° āϝ⧋āĻ— āϕ⧰āĻŋ āĻĒā§‹ā§ąāĻž āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻžāĨ¤


For 10: 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 = 10. 10-ā§° āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§ā§°āϤ: 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 = 10āĨ¤


Since 10 is the sum of the first 4 natural numbers, it is the 4th triangular number. āϝāĻŋāĻšā§‡āϤ⧁ 10 āĻšā§ˆāϛ⧇ āĻĒā§ā§°āĻĨāĻŽ 4āϟāĻž āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ­āĻžā§ąāĻŋāĻ• āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻžā§° āϝ⧋āĻ—āĻĢāϞ, āϏ⧇āϝāĻŧ⧇ 10 āĻšā§ˆāϛ⧇ ā§Ēā§°ā§āĻĨ āĻ¤ā§ā§°āĻŋāϭ⧁āĻœā§€āϝāĻŧ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻžāĨ¤


It can also be arranged as dots in the shape of a triangle. āχāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻĻ⧁āĻŦā§‹ā§° āĻ¤ā§ā§°āĻŋāϭ⧁āϜ⧰ āφāĻ•ā§ƒāϤāĻŋāϤ āϏāϜāĻžāĻŦ āĻĒāĻžā§°āĻŋāĨ¤


Total dots (āĻŽā§āĻ  āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻĻ⧁) = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 = 10


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