Object at Any Finite Distance in a Convex Mirror : āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϞ āĻĻāĻžāĻĒā§‹āύāϤ (Convex Mirror) āϝāĻŋāϕ⧋āύ⧋ āϏāϏ⧀āĻŽ āĻĻā§‚ā§°āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāϤ āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻŋāϞ⧇







  • Draw one ray parallel to the principal axis. After reflection, it appears to come from the principal focus (F).

  • Draw another ray towards the centre of curvature (C). It reflects back along the same path. (Alternatively, a ray passing through the pole (P) may be drawn using the laws of reflection.)

  • The reflected rays diverge, but their backward extensions meet behind the mirror between P and F.




  • Therefore, the image is formed behind the mirror, between P and F.

  • Nature of the image: i. Virtual,  ii. Erect,  iii. Diminished (smaller than the object)


āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϞ āĻĻāĻžāĻĒā§‹āύāϤ (Convex Mirror) āϝāĻŋāϕ⧋āύ⧋ āϏāϏ⧀āĻŽ āĻĻā§‚ā§°āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāϤ āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻŋāϞ⧇



  • āĻāϟāĻž āĻ•āĻŋā§°āĻŖ āĻĒā§ā§°āϧāĻžāύ āĻ…āĻ•ā§āώ⧰ āϏāĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧰āĻžāϞ āĻš'āϞ⧇, āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋāĻĢāϞāύ⧰ āĻĒāĻŋāĻ›āϤ āĻĒā§ā§°āϧāĻžāύ āĻĢ'āĻ•āĻžāϚ (F) ā§° āĻĒā§°āĻž āφāĻšāĻŋāϛ⧇ āϝ⧇āύ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻž āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤

  • āφāύ āĻāϟāĻž āĻ•āĻŋā§°āĻŖ āĻŦāĻ•ā§ā§°āϤāĻžā§° āϕ⧇āĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§ā§° (C) ā§° āĻĻāĻŋāĻļ⧇ āĻ—'āϞ⧇, āϏ⧇āχ āĻāϕ⧇ āĻĒāĻĨ⧇āĻĻāĻŋ āωāĻ­āϤāĻŋ āφāĻšā§‡āĨ¤ (āύāĻš'āϞ⧇ āĻ§ā§ā§°ā§ā§ąāĻŦāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻĻ⧁ (P) āϤ āĻĒā§°āĻž āĻ•āĻŋā§°āĻŖ āφāχāύ āĻ…āύ⧁āϏ⧰āĻŋ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻ•āύ āϕ⧰āĻŋāĻŦ āĻĒāĻžā§°āĻŋāĨ¤)

  • āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋāĻĢāϞāĻŋāϤ āĻ•āĻŋā§°āĻŖāϏāĻŽā§‚āĻš āĻŦāĻŋāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āύ (diverge) āĻšāϝāĻŧ, āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āϏāĻŋāĻšāρāϤ⧰ āĻĒāĻŋāĻ›āĻĢāĻžāϞ⧰ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒā§ā§°āϏāĻžā§°āĻŖ āĻĻāĻžāĻĒā§‹āύ⧰ āĻĒāĻŋāĻ›āĻĢāĻžāϞ⧇ P āφ⧰⧁ F-ā§° āĻŽāĻžāϜāϤ āĻŽāĻŋāϞāĻŋāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤

  • āĻĢāϞāϤ, āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŦāĻŋ āĻĻāĻžāĻĒā§‹āύ⧰ āĻĒāĻŋāĻ›āĻĢāĻžāϞ⧇ P āφ⧰⧁ F-ā§° āĻŽāĻžāϜāϤ āĻ—āĻ āύ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤


āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŦāĻŋā§° āĻŦ⧈āĻļāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āϝāσ i. āĻ…āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§ą (Virtual),  ii. āĻĨāĻŋāϝāĻŧ (Erect),  iii. āϏ⧰⧁ (Diminished)


NoteConvex Mirror → Image is always formed between P and F, behind the mirror, and is always virtual, erect, and diminished.


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Convex Mirror (āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϞ āĻĻāĻžāĻĒā§‹āύ) – MCQs


1. The image formed by a convex mirror is always: āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϞ āĻĻāĻžāĻĒā§‹āύ⧇ āϏāĻĻāĻžāϝāĻŧ āϕ⧇āύ⧇āϧ⧰āĻŖā§° āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŦāĻŋ āĻ—āĻ āύ āϕ⧰⧇ ?

A) Real and inverted | B) Virtual, erect and diminished | C) Real and erect | D) Virtual and inverted


Ans: B) Virtual, erect and diminished


Explanation : A convex mirror always forms a virtual, erect, and diminished image for any position of the object. āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ–ā§āϝāĻž: āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϞ āĻĻāĻžāĻĒā§‹āύ⧇ āϝāĻŋāϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻ…ā§ąāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāϤ āĻ…āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§ą, āĻĨāĻŋāϝāĻŧ āφ⧰⧁ āϏ⧰⧁ āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŦāĻŋ āĻ—āĻ āύ āϕ⧰⧇āĨ¤


2. In a convex mirror, the image is formed: āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϞ āĻĻāĻžāĻĒā§‹āύāϤ āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŦāĻŋ āĻ•'āϤ āĻ—āĻ āĻŋāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ ?

A) Between F and C | B) At C | C) Between P and F behind the mirror | D) At infinity


Ans: C) Between P and F behind the mirror


Explanation : The reflected rays diverge, but their backward extensions meet between the Pole (P) and Focus (F) behind the mirror. āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ–ā§āϝāĻž: āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋāĻĢāϞāĻŋāϤ āĻ•āĻŋā§°āĻŖāϏāĻŽā§‚āĻšā§° āĻĒāĻŋāĻ›āĻĢāĻžāϞ⧰ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒā§ā§°āϏāĻžā§°āĻŖ P āφ⧰⧁ F-ā§° āĻŽāĻžāϜāϤ āĻŽāĻŋāϞāĻŋāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āϏ⧇āϝāĻŧ⧇āĻšā§‡ āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŦāĻŋ āĻĻāĻžāĻĒā§‹āύ⧰ āĻĒāĻŋāĻ›āĻĢāĻžāϞ⧇ P āφ⧰⧁ F-ā§° āĻŽāĻžāϜāϤ āĻ—āĻ āύ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤


3. The principal focus of a convex mirror lies: āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϞ āĻĻāĻžāĻĒā§‹āύ⧰ āĻŽā§āĻ–ā§āϝ āĻĢ'āĻ•āĻžāϚ āĻ•'āϤ āĻ…ā§ąāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāϤ ?

A) In front of the mirror | B) Behind the mirror | C) At the pole | D) At infinity


Ans: B) Behind the mirror


Explanation : Since the reflected rays appear to come from a point behind the mirror, the principal focus lies behind the mirror. āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ–ā§āϝāĻž: āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋāĻĢāϞāĻŋāϤ āĻ•āĻŋā§°āĻŖāĻŦā§‹ā§° āĻĻāĻžāĻĒā§‹āύ⧰ āĻĒāĻŋāĻ›āĻĢāĻžāϞ⧰ āĻāϟāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻĻ⧁⧰ āĻĒā§°āĻž āφāĻšāĻŋāϛ⧇ āϝ⧇āύ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻž āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āϏ⧇āχāĻŦāĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻŽā§āĻ–ā§āϝ āĻĢ'āĻ•āĻžāϚ āĻĻāĻžāĻĒā§‹āύ⧰ āĻĒāĻŋāĻ›āĻĢāĻžāϞ⧇ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇āĨ¤


4. Which mirror is commonly used as a rear-view mirror in vehicles ?āϝāĻžāύāĻŦāĻžāĻšāύāϤ āĻĒāĻŋāĻ›āĻĢāĻžāϞ āϚāĻžāĻŦāϞ⧈ āϕ⧋āύāĻŸā§‹ āĻĻāĻžāĻĒā§‹āύ āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšāĻžā§° āϕ⧰āĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ ?

A) Plane mirror | B) Concave mirror | C) Convex mirror | D) Cylindrical mirror


Ans: C) Convex mirror


Explanation : A convex mirror provides a wide field of view, allowing the driver to see a larger area behind the vehicle. āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ–ā§āϝāĻž: āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϞ āĻĻāĻžāĻĒā§‹āύ⧇ āĻŦ⧃āĻšā§Ž āĻĻ⧃āĻˇā§āϟāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§ā§° āĻĒā§ā§°āĻĻāĻžāύ āϕ⧰⧇, āϏ⧇āϝāĻŧ⧇āĻšā§‡ āĻ—āĻžāĻĄāĻŧ⧀⧰ āĻĒāĻŋāĻ›āĻĢāĻžāϞ⧰ āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ• āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻž āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤


5. The image formed by a convex mirror is: āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϞ āĻĻāĻžāĻĒā§‹āύāϤ āĻ—āĻ āĻŋāϤ āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŦāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋāĻĻ⧰⧇ āĻšāϝāĻŧ ?

A) Enlarged | B) Same size | C) Diminished | D) Highly magnified


Ans: C) Diminished


Explanation : The image formed by a convex mirror is always smaller than the object. āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ–ā§āϝāĻž: āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϞ āĻĻāĻžāĻĒā§‹āύ⧇ āĻ—āĻ āύ āϕ⧰āĻž āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŦāĻŋ āϏāĻĻāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁āϤāĻ•ā§ˆ āϏ⧰⧁ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤


6. Which ray rule is correct for a convex mirror ? āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϞ āĻĻāĻžāĻĒā§‹āύ⧰ āĻŦāĻžāĻŦ⧇ āϕ⧋āύāĻŸā§‹ āĻ•āĻŋā§°āĻŖ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻŽ āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ• ?

A) A ray parallel to the principal axis passes through F after reflection. | B) A ray parallel to the principal axis appears to come from F after reflection. | C) A ray through F becomes parallel after reflection. | D) A ray through C never reflects.


Ans: B) A ray parallel to the principal axis appears to come from F after reflection.


Explanation : In a convex mirror, a ray parallel to the principal axis is reflected in such a way that it appears to originate from the principal focus (F). āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ–ā§āϝāĻž: āĻĒā§ā§°āϧāĻžāύ āĻ…āĻ•ā§āώ⧰ āϏāĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧰āĻžāϞ āĻ•āĻŋā§°āĻŖ āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋāĻĢāϞāύ⧰ āĻĒāĻŋāĻ›āϤ āĻŽā§āĻ–ā§āϝ āĻĢ'āĻ•āĻžāϚ (F)-ā§° āĻĒā§°āĻž āφāĻšāĻŋāϛ⧇ āϝ⧇āύ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻž āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤


7. The image formed by a convex mirror is always: āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϞ āĻĻāĻžāĻĒā§‹āύāϤ āĻ—āĻ āĻŋāϤ āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŦāĻŋ āϏāĻĻāĻžāϝāĻŧ āϕ⧇āύ⧇ āĻšāϝāĻŧ ?

A) Real | B) Virtual | C) Inverted | D) Magnified


Ans: B) Virtual


Explanation : The reflected rays do not actually meet; only their backward extensions meet. Hence the image is virtual. āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ–ā§āϝāĻž: āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋāĻĢāϞāĻŋāϤ āĻ•āĻŋā§°āĻŖāĻŦā§‹ā§° āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§ąāϤ⧇ āĻŽāĻŋāϞāĻŋāϤ āύāĻšāϝāĻŧ; āĻ•ā§‡ā§ąāϞ āĻĒāĻŋāĻ›āĻĢāĻžāϞ⧰ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒā§ā§°āϏāĻžā§°āĻŖ āĻŽāĻŋāϞāĻŋāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āϏ⧇āϝāĻŧ⧇āĻšā§‡ āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŦāĻŋ āĻ…āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§ą āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤


8. A convex mirror provides: āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϞ āĻĻāĻžāĻĒā§‹āύ⧇ āĻ•āĻŋ āϏ⧁āĻŦāĻŋāϧāĻž āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ ?

A) Small field of view | B) Wide field of view | C) No field of view | D) Only magnified images


Ans: B) Wide field of view


Explanation : A convex mirror covers a larger area, making it ideal for rear-view mirrors in vehicles. āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ–ā§āϝāĻž: āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϞ āĻĻāĻžāĻĒā§‹āύ⧇ āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ• āĻāϞ⧇āĻ•āĻž āĻĻ⧇āĻ–ā§ā§ąāĻžāϝāĻŧ, āϏ⧇āϝāĻŧ⧇āĻšā§‡ āχ āĻ—āĻžāĻĄāĻŧ⧀⧰ rear-view mirror āĻšāĻŋāϚāĻžāĻĒ⧇ āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšāĻžā§° āϕ⧰āĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤


Trick : Convex Mirror → VED + PF



  • V = Virtual (āĻ…āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§ą)

  • E = Erect (āĻĨāĻŋāϝāĻŧ)

  • D = Diminished (āϏ⧰⧁)

  • PF = Image forms between Pole (P) and Focus (F) behind the mirror.





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