What is Momentum? (āĻā§°āĻŦā§āĻ āĻāĻŋ?)
- What is Force ? (āĻŦāϞ āĻāĻŋ ?) : View Paper
- Momentum vs Force (āĻā§°āĻŦā§āĻ āĻŦāύāĻžāĻŽ āĻŦāϞ) : View Paper
- Difference between Momentum vs Force / āĻā§°āĻŦā§āĻ āĻā§°ā§ āĻŦāϞ⧰ āĻŽāĻžāĻā§° āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§āĻĨāĻā§āϝ : View Paper
What is Momentum? (āĻā§°āĻŦā§āĻ āĻāĻŋ?)
Definition / āϏāĻāĻā§āĻāĻž : Momentum is the quantity of motion of an object. (āĻā§°āĻŦā§āĻ āĻšā§āĻā§ āĻā§āύ⧠āĻŦāϏā§āϤā§ā§° āĻāϤāĻŋā§° āĻĒā§°āĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻŖāĨ¤)
Note:
- Momentum depends on mass and velocity. (āĻā§°āĻŦā§āĻ āĻā§° āĻā§°ā§ āĻŦā§āĻā§° āĻāĻĒā§°āϤ āύāĻŋā§°ā§āĻā§° āĻā§°ā§āĨ¤)
- Formula / āϏā§āϤā§ā§°: p = m × v
- SI Unit / SI āĻāĻāĻ: kg·m/s
- Momentum is a vector quantity because it has both magnitude and direction. (āĻā§°āĻŦā§āĻ āĻāĻāĻž āϏāĻĻāĻŋāĻļ (Vector) ā§°āĻžāĻļāĻŋ, āĻāĻžā§°āĻŖ āĻāϝāĻŧāĻžā§° āĻŽāĻžāύ āĻā§°ā§ āĻĻāĻŋāĻļ āĻĻā§āϝāĻŧā§āĻāĻž āĻĨāĻžāĻā§āĨ¤)
Example / āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšā§°āĻŖ: A 2 kg football is moving at 3 m/s. (2 kg āĻā§°ā§° āĻāĻāĻž āĻĢā§āĻāĻŦāϞ 3 m/s āĻŦā§āĻā§ā§°ā§ āĻāϤāĻŋ āĻā§°āĻŋāĻā§āĨ¤)
p = m×v = 2×3 = 6 kg \ m/s
Ans / āĻāϤā§āϤ⧰: Momentum = 6 kg·m/s, in the direction of motion.
(āĻā§°āĻŦā§āĻ = 6 kg·m/s, āĻā§°ā§ āĻāϝāĻŧāĻžā§° āĻĻāĻŋāĻļ āĻāϤāĻŋā§° āĻĻāĻŋāĻļā§° āϏā§āϤ⧠āĻāĻā§āĨ¤)
Tip:
- More mass = More momentum (if velocity is the same). (āĻā§° āĻŦā§āĻāĻŋ āĻš'āϞ⧠(āĻāĻā§ āĻŦā§āĻāϤ) āĻā§°āĻŦā§āĻā§ āĻŦā§āĻāĻŋ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤)
- More velocity = More momentum (if mass is the same).(āĻŦā§āĻ āĻŦā§āĻāĻŋ āĻš'āϞ⧠(āĻāĻā§ āĻā§°āϤ) āĻā§°āĻŦā§āĻā§ āĻŦā§āĻāĻŋ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤)
- Less mass or less velocity = Less momentum. (āĻā§° āĻŦāĻž āĻŦā§āĻ āĻāĻŽ āĻš'āϞ⧠āĻā§°āĻŦā§āĻā§ āĻāĻŽ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤)
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Physics – Momentum (MCQs)
1. Momentum is the product of: āĻā§°āĻŦā§āĻ āĻāĻŋāĻšāĻāϤ⧰ āĻā§āĻŖāĻĢāϞ ?
A) Mass and Force B) Mass and Velocity C) Force and Time D) Distance and Time
Ans: B) Mass and Velocity
Explanation: Momentum is calculated by p = m × v. āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻž: āĻā§°āĻŦā§āĻā§° āϏā§āϤā§ā§° p = m × vāĨ¤
2. The SI unit of momentum is: āĻā§°āĻŦā§āĻā§° SI āĻāĻāĻ āĻāĻŋ ?
A) Newton B) kg·m/s C) Joule D) Watt
Ans: B) kg·m/s
Explanation: The SI unit of momentum is kilogram metre per second (kg·m/s). āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻž: āĻā§°āĻŦā§āĻā§° SI āĻāĻāĻ kg·m/sāĨ¤
3. Momentum is a ______ quantity. āĻā§°āĻŦā§āĻ āĻāĻāĻž ______ ā§°āĻžāĻļāĻŋāĨ¤
A) Scalar B) Vector C) Fundamental D) Dimensionless
Ans: B) Vector
Explanation: Momentum has both magnitude and direction. āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻž: āĻā§°āĻŦā§āĻā§° āĻŽāĻžāύ āĻā§°ā§ āĻĻāĻŋāĻļ āĻĻā§āϝāĻŧā§āĻāĻž āĻĨāĻžāĻā§āĨ¤
4. Which of the following increases momentum ? āϤāϞ⧰ āĻā§āύāĻā§ā§ąā§ āĻā§°āĻŦā§āĻ āĻŦā§āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋ āĻā§°ā§ ?
A) Decreasing mass B) Decreasing velocity C) Increasing mass or velocity D) None of these
Ans: C) Increasing mass or velocity
Explanation: Momentum increases if mass or velocity increases. āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻž: āĻā§° āĻŦāĻž āĻŦā§āĻ āĻŦā§āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāϞ⧠āĻā§°āĻŦā§āĻā§ āĻŦā§āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
5. A body of mass 4 kg moves with a velocity of 5 m/s. Its momentum is: (4 kg āĻā§°ā§° āĻāĻāĻž āĻŦāϏā§āϤ⧠5 m/s āĻŦā§āĻā§ā§°ā§ āĻāϤāĻŋ āĻā§°āĻŋāĻā§āĨ¤ āĻāϝāĻŧāĻžā§° āĻā§°āĻŦā§āĻ āĻāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāύ ?)
A) 9 kg·m/s B) 15 kg·m/s C) 20 kg·m/s D) 25 kg·m/s
Ans: C) 20 kg·m/s
Explanation: p = mv = 4×5 = 20 kg. āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻž: p = 4 × 5 = 20 kg·m/s
6. If the velocity of an object becomes double while its mass remains the same, its momentum becomes: āĻā§° āĻāĻā§ āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ āĻĻā§āĻā§āĻŖ āĻš'āϞ⧠āĻā§°āĻŦā§āĻ āĻāĻŋ āĻšāϝāĻŧ ?
A) Half B) Double C) Four times D) Unchanged
Ans: B) Double
Explanation: Momentum is directly proportional to velocity. āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻž: āĻā§°āĻŦā§āĻ āĻŦā§āĻā§° āϏā§āϤ⧠āĻĒā§ā§°āϤā§āϝāĻā§āώ āϏāĻŽāĻžāύā§āĻĒāĻžāϤāĻŋāĻāĨ¤
7. If the mass of an object is halved while velocity remains the same, the momentum becomes: āĻŦā§āĻ āĻāĻā§ āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻŋ āĻā§° āĻ āϰā§āϧā§āĻ āĻš'āϞ⧠āĻā§°āĻŦā§āĻ āĻāĻŋ āĻšāϝāĻŧ ?
A) Double B) Half C) Four times D) Unchanged
Ans: B) Half
Explanation: Momentum is directly proportional to mass. āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻž: āĻā§°āĻŦā§āĻ āĻā§°ā§° āϏā§āϤ⧠āĻĒā§ā§°āϤā§āϝāĻā§āώ āϏāĻŽāĻžāύā§āĻĒāĻžāϤāĻŋāĻāĨ¤
8. Which formula correctly represents momentum? āĻā§°āĻŦā§āĻā§° āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ āϏā§āϤā§ā§° āĻā§āύāĻā§ ?
A) F = ma B) p = mv C) W = Fs D) V = IR
Ans: B) p = mv
Explanation: Momentum equals mass × velocity. āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻž: āĻā§°āĻŦā§āĻ = āĻā§° × āĻŦā§āĻāĨ¤
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2 Marks PYQ - Type Questions
1. What is Momentum? Write its formula. āĻā§°āĻŦā§āĻ (Momentum) āĻāĻŋ? āĻāϝāĻŧāĻžā§° āϏā§āϤā§ā§° āϞāĻŋāĻāĻžāĨ¤
Ans / āĻāϤā§āϤ⧰: Momentum is the quantity of motion of an object. It is equal to the product of its mass and velocity. āĻā§°āĻŦā§āĻ āĻšā§āĻā§ āĻā§āύ⧠āĻŦāϏā§āϤā§ā§° āĻāϤāĻŋā§° āĻĒā§°āĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻŖāĨ¤ āĻ āĻŦāϏā§āϤā§ā§° āĻā§° āĻā§°ā§ āĻŦā§āĻā§° āĻā§āĻŖāĻĢāϞāĨ¤
Formula / āϏā§āϤā§ā§°: p = m × v
2. Write any two characteristics of Momentum. āĻā§°āĻŦā§āĻā§° āϝāĻŋāĻā§āύ⧠āĻĻā§āĻāĻž āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋāώā§āĻā§āϝ āϞāĻŋāĻāĻžāĨ¤
Ans / āĻāϤā§āϤ⧰: i. Momentum depends on mass and velocity.(āĻā§°āĻŦā§āĻ āĻā§° āĻā§°ā§ āĻŦā§āĻā§° āĻāĻĒā§°āϤ āύāĻŋā§°ā§āĻā§° āĻā§°ā§āĨ¤ ii. Momentum is a vector quantity.(āĻā§°āĻŦā§āĻ āĻāĻāĻž āϏāĻĻāĻŋāĻļ (Vector) ā§°āĻžāĻļāĻŋāĨ¤)
3. Write the SI unit of Momentum. āĻā§°āĻŦā§āĻā§° SI āĻāĻāĻ āϞāĻŋāĻāĻžāĨ¤
Ans / āĻāϤā§āϤ⧰: The SI unit of momentum is kg·m/s (kilogram metre per second). (āĻā§°āĻŦā§āĻā§° SI āĻāĻāĻ āĻšā§āĻā§ kg·m/s (āĻāĻŋāϞā§āĻā§ā§°āĻžāĻŽ-āĻŽāĻŋāĻāĻžā§°/āĻā§āĻā§āĻŖā§āĻĄ)āĨ¤
4. Why is Momentum called a vector quantity ? (āĻā§°āĻŦā§āĻāĻ āϏāĻĻāĻŋāĻļ (Vector) ā§°āĻžāĻļāĻŋ āĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ āĻā§ā§ąāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ ?)
Ans / āĻāϤā§āϤ⧰: Momentum is a vector quantity because it has both magnitude and direction. (āĻā§°āĻŦā§āĻāĻ āϏāĻĻāĻŋāĻļ ā§°āĻžāĻļāĻŋ āĻā§ā§ąāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ, āĻāĻžā§°āĻŖ āĻāϝāĻŧāĻžā§° āĻŽāĻžāύ āĻā§°ā§ āĻĻāĻŋāĻļ āĻĻā§āϝāĻŧā§āĻāĻž āĻĨāĻžāĻā§āĨ¤)
5. A body of mass 2 kg moves with a velocity of 4 m/s. Find its momentum. 2 kg āĻā§°ā§° āĻāĻāĻž āĻŦāϏā§āϤ⧠4 m/s āĻŦā§āĻā§ā§°ā§ āĻāϤāĻŋ āĻā§°āĻŋāĻā§āĨ¤ āĻāϝāĻŧāĻžā§° āĻā§°āĻŦā§āĻ āύāĻŋā§°ā§āĻŖāϝāĻŧ āĻā§°āĻžāĨ¤
Ans / āĻāϤā§āϤ⧰:
Given / āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻāĻā§: Mass (m) = 2 kg, Velocity (v) = 4 m/s
Formula / āϏā§āϤā§ā§°: p = m × v
Ans / āĻāϤā§āϤ⧰: 8 kg·m/s
6. A 4 kg cart moves at 5 m/s. Find its momentum. āĻāĻāĻž 4 kg āĻā§°ā§° āĻ ā§āϞāĻžāĻāĻžāĻĄāĻŧā§ 5 m/s āĻŦā§āĻā§ā§°ā§ āĻāϤāĻŋ āĻā§°āĻŋāĻā§āĨ¤ āĻāϝāĻŧāĻžā§° āĻā§°āĻŦā§āĻ (Momentum) āύāĻŋā§°ā§āĻŖāϝāĻŧ āĻā§°āĻžāĨ¤
Solution | āϏāĻŽāĻžāϧāĻžāύ
p = mv
1st: Formula | āϏā§āϤā§ā§° : p = mv
Where / āϝ'āϤ, p = Momentum (āĻā§°āĻŦā§āĻ), m = Mass (āĻā§°), v = Velocity (āĻŦā§āĻ)
2nd: Substitute the values & Calculate | āĻŽāĻžāύ āĻŦāĻšā§ā§ąāĻžāĻāĻ & āĻāĻŖāύāĻž
p = 4 × 5 = 20 kg
Ans | āĻāϤā§āϤ⧰: Momentum(āĻā§°āĻŦā§āĻ)= 20 kg·m/s
Note | āĻā§āĻāĻž : A faster or heavier object has more momentum. āĻ āϧāĻŋāĻ āĻŦā§āĻā§ā§°ā§ āĻāϤāĻŋ āĻā§°āĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻ āϧāĻŋāĻ āĻā§°ā§° āĻŦāϏā§āϤā§ā§° āĻā§°āĻŦā§āĻ āĻŦā§āĻāĻŋ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
Tip | āĻāĻŋāĻĒāĻ : More Mass + More Velocity = More Momentum (āĻ āϧāĻŋāĻ āĻā§° + āĻ āϧāĻŋāĻ āĻŦā§āĻ = āĻ āϧāĻŋāĻ āĻā§°āĻŦā§āĻ)