What is Momentum? (āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āĻ•āĻŋ?)





  • What is Force ? (āĻŦāϞ āĻ•āĻŋ ?) : View Paper

  • Momentum vs Force (āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āĻŦāύāĻžāĻŽ āĻŦāϞ) : View Paper

  • Difference between Momentum vs Force / āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āφ⧰⧁ āĻŦāϞ⧰ āĻŽāĻžāϜ⧰ āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§āĻĨāĻ•ā§āϝ : View Paper




What is Momentum? (āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āĻ•āĻŋ?)


Definition / āϏāĻ‚āĻœā§āĻžāĻž : Momentum is the quantity of motion of an object. (āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āĻšā§ˆāϛ⧇ āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁⧰ āĻ—āϤāĻŋā§° āĻĒā§°āĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻŖāĨ¤)


Note:



  • Momentum depends on mass and velocity. (āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āĻ­ā§° āφ⧰⧁ āĻŦ⧇āĻ—ā§° āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϤ āύāĻŋā§°ā§āĻ­ā§° āϕ⧰⧇āĨ¤)

  • Formula / āϏ⧂āĻ¤ā§ā§°: p = m × v

  • SI Unit / SI āĻāĻ•āĻ•: kg·m/s

  • Momentum is a vector quantity because it has both magnitude and direction. (āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āĻāϟāĻž āϏāĻĻāĻŋāĻļ (Vector) ā§°āĻžāĻļāĻŋ, āĻ•āĻžā§°āĻŖ āχāϝāĻŧāĻžā§° āĻŽāĻžāύ āφ⧰⧁ āĻĻāĻŋāĻļ āĻĻ⧁āϝāĻŧā§‹āϟāĻž āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇āĨ¤)



Example / āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšā§°āĻŖ: A 2 kg football is moving at 3 m/s. (2 kg āĻ­ā§°ā§° āĻāϟāĻž āĻĢ⧁āϟāĻŦāϞ 3 m/s āĻŦ⧇āϗ⧇⧰⧇ āĻ—āϤāĻŋ āϕ⧰āĻŋāϛ⧇āĨ¤)


p = m×v = 2×3 = 6 kg \ m/s 


Ans / āωāĻ¤ā§āϤ⧰: Momentum = 6 kg·m/s, in the direction of motion.
(āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ— = 6 kg·m/s, āφ⧰⧁ āχāϝāĻŧāĻžā§° āĻĻāĻŋāĻļ āĻ—āϤāĻŋā§° āĻĻāĻŋāĻļā§° āϏ⧈āϤ⧇ āĻāϕ⧇āĨ¤)


Tip: 



  • More mass = More momentum (if velocity is the same). (āĻ­ā§° āĻŦ⧇āĻ›āĻŋ āĻš'āϞ⧇ (āĻāϕ⧇ āĻŦ⧇āĻ—āϤ) āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ—ā§‹ āĻŦ⧇āĻ›āĻŋ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤)

  • More velocity = More momentum (if mass is the same).(āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āĻŦ⧇āĻ›āĻŋ āĻš'āϞ⧇ (āĻāϕ⧇ āĻ­ā§°āϤ) āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ—ā§‹ āĻŦ⧇āĻ›āĻŋ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤)

  • Less mass or less velocity = Less momentum. (āĻ­ā§° āĻŦāĻž āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āĻ•āĻŽ āĻš'āϞ⧇ āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ—ā§‹ āĻ•āĻŽ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤)


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PhysicsMomentum (MCQs)


1. Momentum is the product of: āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āĻ•āĻŋāĻšāρāϤ⧰ āϗ⧁āĻŖāĻĢāϞ ?


A) Mass and Force  B) Mass and Velocity  C) Force and Time  D) Distance and Time


Ans: B) Mass and Velocity


Explanation: Momentum is calculated by p = m × v. āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ–ā§āϝāĻž: āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ—ā§° āϏ⧂āĻ¤ā§ā§° p = m × vāĨ¤


2. The SI unit of momentum is: āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ—ā§° SI āĻāĻ•āĻ• āĻ•āĻŋ ?


A) Newton  B) kg·m/s  C) Joule  D) Watt


Ans: B) kg·m/s


Explanation: The SI unit of momentum is kilogram metre per second (kg·m/s). āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ–ā§āϝāĻž: āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ—ā§° SI āĻāĻ•āĻ• kg·m/sāĨ¤


3. Momentum is a ______ quantity. āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āĻāϟāĻž ______ ā§°āĻžāĻļāĻŋāĨ¤


A) Scalar  B) Vector  C) Fundamental  D) Dimensionless


Ans: B) Vector


Explanation: Momentum has both magnitude and direction. āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ–ā§āϝāĻž: āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ—ā§° āĻŽāĻžāύ āφ⧰⧁ āĻĻāĻŋāĻļ āĻĻ⧁āϝāĻŧā§‹āϟāĻž āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇āĨ¤


4. Which of the following increases momentum ? āϤāϞ⧰ āϕ⧋āύāĻŸā§‹ā§ąā§‡ āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āĻŦ⧃āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋ āϕ⧰⧇ ?


A) Decreasing mass  B) Decreasing velocity  C) Increasing mass or velocity  D) None of these


Ans: C) Increasing mass or velocity


Explanation: Momentum increases if mass or velocity increases. āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ–ā§āϝāĻž: āĻ­ā§° āĻŦāĻž āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āĻŦ⧃āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāϞ⧇ āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ—ā§‹ āĻŦ⧃āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤


5. A body of mass 4 kg moves with a velocity of 5 m/s. Its momentum is: (4 kg āĻ­ā§°ā§° āĻāϟāĻž āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁ 5 m/s āĻŦ⧇āϗ⧇⧰⧇ āĻ—āϤāĻŋ āϕ⧰āĻŋāϛ⧇āĨ¤ āχāϝāĻŧāĻžā§° āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āĻ•āĻŋāĻŽāĻžāύ ?)


A) 9 kg·m/s  B) 15 kg·m/s  C) 20 kg·m/s  D) 25 kg·m/s


Ans: C) 20 kg·m/s


Explanationp = mv = 4×5 = 20 kg. āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ–ā§āϝāĻž: p = 4 × 5 = 20 kg·m/s


6. If the velocity of an object becomes double while its mass remains the same, its momentum becomes: āĻ­ā§° āĻāϕ⧇ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻŋ āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āĻĻ⧁āϗ⧁āĻŖ āĻš'āϞ⧇ āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āĻ•āĻŋ āĻšāϝāĻŧ ?


A) Half  B) Double  C) Four times  D) Unchanged


Ans: B) Double


Explanation: Momentum is directly proportional to velocity. āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ–ā§āϝāĻž: āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āĻŦ⧇āĻ—ā§° āϏ⧈āϤ⧇ āĻĒā§ā§°āĻ¤ā§āϝāĻ•ā§āώ āϏāĻŽāĻžāύ⧁āĻĒāĻžāϤāĻŋāĻ•āĨ¤


7. If the mass of an object is halved while velocity remains the same, the momentum becomes: āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āĻāϕ⧇ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻŋ āĻ­ā§° āĻ…āĻ°ā§āϧ⧇āĻ• āĻš'āϞ⧇ āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āĻ•āĻŋ āĻšāϝāĻŧ ?


A) Double  B) Half  C) Four times  D) Unchanged


Ans: B) Half


Explanation: Momentum is directly proportional to mass. āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ–ā§āϝāĻž: āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āĻ­ā§°ā§° āϏ⧈āϤ⧇ āĻĒā§ā§°āĻ¤ā§āϝāĻ•ā§āώ āϏāĻŽāĻžāύ⧁āĻĒāĻžāϤāĻŋāĻ•āĨ¤


8. Which formula correctly represents momentum? āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ—ā§° āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ• āϏ⧂āĻ¤ā§ā§° āϕ⧋āύāĻŸā§‹ ?


A) F = ma  B) p = mv  C) W = Fs  D) V = IR


Ans: B) p = mv


Explanation: Momentum equals mass × velocity. āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ–ā§āϝāĻž: āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ— = āĻ­ā§° × āĻŦ⧇āĻ—āĨ¤


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2 Marks PYQ - Type Questions


1. What is Momentum? Write its formula. āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ— (Momentum) āĻ•āĻŋ? āχāϝāĻŧāĻžā§° āϏ⧂āĻ¤ā§ā§° āϞāĻŋāĻ–āĻžāĨ¤


Ans / āωāĻ¤ā§āϤ⧰: Momentum is the quantity of motion of an object. It is equal to the product of its mass and velocity. āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āĻšā§ˆāϛ⧇ āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁⧰ āĻ—āϤāĻŋā§° āĻĒā§°āĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻŖāĨ¤ āχ āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁⧰ āĻ­ā§° āφ⧰⧁ āĻŦ⧇āĻ—ā§° āϗ⧁āĻŖāĻĢāϞāĨ¤


Formula / āϏ⧂āĻ¤ā§ā§°: p = m × v


2. Write any two characteristics of Momentum. āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ—ā§° āϝāĻŋāϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻž āĻŦ⧈āĻļāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āϝ āϞāĻŋāĻ–āĻžāĨ¤


Ans / āωāĻ¤ā§āϤ⧰: i. Momentum depends on mass and velocity.(āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āĻ­ā§° āφ⧰⧁ āĻŦ⧇āĻ—ā§° āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϤ āύāĻŋā§°ā§āĻ­ā§° āϕ⧰⧇āĨ¤ ii. Momentum is a vector quantity.(āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āĻāϟāĻž āϏāĻĻāĻŋāĻļ (Vector) ā§°āĻžāĻļāĻŋāĨ¤)


3. Write the SI unit of Momentum. āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ—ā§° SI āĻāĻ•āĻ• āϞāĻŋāĻ–āĻžāĨ¤


Ans / āωāĻ¤ā§āϤ⧰: The SI unit of momentum is kg·m/s (kilogram metre per second). (āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ—ā§° SI āĻāĻ•āĻ• āĻšā§ˆāϛ⧇ kg·m/s (āĻ•āĻŋāϞ⧋āĻ—ā§ā§°āĻžāĻŽ-āĻŽāĻŋāϟāĻžā§°/āϛ⧇āϕ⧇āĻŖā§āĻĄ)āĨ¤


4. Why is Momentum called a vector quantity ? (āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ—āĻ• āϏāĻĻāĻŋāĻļ (Vector) ā§°āĻžāĻļāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋāϝāĻŧ āĻ•ā§‹ā§ąāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ ?)


Ans / āωāĻ¤ā§āϤ⧰: Momentum is a vector quantity because it has both magnitude and direction. (āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ—āĻ• āϏāĻĻāĻŋāĻļ ā§°āĻžāĻļāĻŋ āĻ•ā§‹ā§ąāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ, āĻ•āĻžā§°āĻŖ āχāϝāĻŧāĻžā§° āĻŽāĻžāύ āφ⧰⧁ āĻĻāĻŋāĻļ āĻĻ⧁āϝāĻŧā§‹āϟāĻž āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇āĨ¤)


5. A body of mass 2 kg moves with a velocity of 4 m/s. Find its momentum. 2 kg āĻ­ā§°ā§° āĻāϟāĻž āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁ 4 m/s āĻŦ⧇āϗ⧇⧰⧇ āĻ—āϤāĻŋ āϕ⧰āĻŋāϛ⧇āĨ¤ āχāϝāĻŧāĻžā§° āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āύāĻŋā§°ā§āĻŖāϝāĻŧ āϕ⧰āĻžāĨ¤


Ans / āωāĻ¤ā§āϤ⧰:


Given / āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āφāϛ⧇: Mass (m) = 2 kg, Velocity (v) = 4 m/s


Formula / āϏ⧂āĻ¤ā§ā§°: p = m × v


Ans / āωāĻ¤ā§āϤ⧰: 8 kg·m/s


6. A 4 kg cart moves at 5 m/s. Find its momentum. āĻāϟāĻž 4 kg āĻ­ā§°ā§° āϠ⧇āϞāĻžāĻ—āĻžāĻĄāĻŧā§€ 5 m/s āĻŦ⧇āϗ⧇⧰⧇ āĻ—āϤāĻŋ āϕ⧰āĻŋāϛ⧇āĨ¤ āχāϝāĻŧāĻžā§° āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ— (Momentum) āύāĻŋā§°ā§āĻŖāϝāĻŧ āϕ⧰āĻžāĨ¤


Solution | āϏāĻŽāĻžāϧāĻžāύ


p = mv


1st: Formula | āϏ⧂āĻ¤ā§ā§° : p = mv


Where / āϝ'āϤ, p = Momentum (āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ—), m = Mass (āĻ­ā§°), v = Velocity (āĻŦ⧇āĻ—)


2nd: Substitute the values & Calculate | āĻŽāĻžāύ āĻŦāĻšā§ā§ąāĻžāĻ“āĻ• & āĻ—āĻŖāύāĻž


p = 4 × 5 = 20 kg


Ans | āωāĻ¤ā§āϤ⧰: Momentum(āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ—)= 20 kg·m/s


Note | āĻŸā§‹āĻ•āĻž : A faster or heavier object has more momentum. āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ• āĻŦ⧇āϗ⧇⧰⧇ āĻ—āϤāĻŋ āϕ⧰āĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ• āĻ­ā§°ā§° āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁⧰ āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āĻŦ⧇āĻ›āĻŋ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤


Tip | āϟāĻŋāĻĒāĻ› : More Mass + More Velocity = More Momentum (āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ• āĻ­ā§° + āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ• āĻŦ⧇āĻ— = āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ• āĻ­ā§°āĻŦ⧇āĻ—)