Explanation: The printer that is typically the cheapest in terms of both initial price and operating cost is the dot matrix printer. Explanation: Dot matrix printers are known for their low initial purchase cost compared to other types of printers. They use a printhead that strikes an ink-soaked ribbon against the paper to create dot patterns, forming characters and images. These printers are durable and can handle multi-part forms, making them suitable for environments where carbon copies are required. Operating cost: Dot matrix printers are also economical in terms of operating costs because they use ribbons that are relatively inexpensive compared to toner cartridges or ink cartridges used in other types of printers. Inkjet printers: These printers use liquid ink sprayed through tiny nozzles onto the paper. While they are versatile and produce high-quality color prints, they can be more expensive both initially and in terms of operating costs due to the cost of ink cartridges. Laser printers: Laser printers use toner cartridges and a laser beam to create images on a drum, which are then transferred onto paper. They are known for fast printing speeds and sharp text quality, but their initial cost and toner cartridge replacements can be higher compared to dot matrix printers. Thermal printers: These printers use heat to transfer ink onto paper, typically used in applications like receipts or labels. While they are efficient for specific tasks, they may have higher operating costs due to the cost of thermal paper or ribbons. Conclusion: Dot matrix printers are often chosen for their affordability in terms of both initial purchase price and ongoing operational expenses, making them suitable for environments where cost-effective printing is a priority. Therefore, the correct answer is: Dot matrix

Explanation: The term that refers to electronic trespassing or criminal hacking is cracking. Explanation: Cracking: This term specifically refers to gaining unauthorized access to computer systems or networks with malicious intent. Individuals who engage in cracking activities, known as "crackers," attempt to exploit vulnerabilities in computer security for various purposes, such as stealing data, disrupting operations, or causing damage. Jacking: While the term "jacking" can refer to various actions in different contexts, it does not specifically denote unauthorized access to computer systems or hacking. Spoofing: Spoofing involves falsifying information to gain unauthorized access or deceive users. It can be used in phishing attacks or to impersonate legitimate entities online, but it is not synonymous with hacking per se. Smarming: This term generally refers to overly flattering or ingratiating behavior in online communication and does not relate to hacking or unauthorized access. Conclusion: Cracking is the term used to describe illegal or unauthorized hacking activities aimed at compromising computer systems, networks, or data. Therefore, the correct answer is: Cracking

Explanation: A Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) is a form of monitor. Explanation: Monitor: A CRT monitor uses a Cathode Ray Tube to display images on a screen. CRT monitors were widely used before the advent of LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) monitors. They function by emitting a beam of electrons onto a phosphorescent screen, which creates the images visible to the user. CRT monitors were popular due to their ability to display vibrant colors and were used extensively in both personal computers and televisions. Keyboard: A keyboard is an input device used to input alphanumeric characters and commands into a computer. Mouse: A mouse is an input device used to interact with graphical user interfaces by moving a cursor on the screen. Motherboard: The motherboard is the main circuit board of a computer where other components such as the CPU, memory, and peripherals are connected and integrated. Conclusion: A Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) specifically refers to the technology used in monitors to display visual information. It is not related to keyboards, mice, or motherboards. Therefore, the correct answer is: Monitor

Explanation: The primary function of an operating system (OS) is to manage hardware resources. Explanation: An operating system serves as an intermediary between the computer hardware and the user applications. Its main functions include: Hardware Resource Management: The OS manages hardware resources such as the CPU (Central Processing Unit), memory (RAM), storage devices (hard drives, SSDs), input/output devices (keyboard, mouse, printers), and network interfaces. It allocates resources efficiently among different applications and ensures that they operate smoothly without interfering with each other. Process Management: The OS manages processes (programs in execution), including scheduling tasks, allocating system resources to processes, and ensuring efficient multitasking where multiple programs can run concurrently. Memory Management: It handles memory allocation and de-allocation, ensuring that programs have access to the required memory space and preventing conflicts between different processes. File System Management: The OS provides a file system that organizes and manages data stored on storage devices, such as creating, reading, writing, and deleting files. It ensures data integrity and security. User Interface: The OS provides a user interface (UI), which can be command-line based (CLI) or graphical (GUI), enabling users to interact with the computer system and run applications. Not the primary functions: To process data: While the OS facilitates data processing by managing resources and providing essential services to applications, processing data itself is typically handled by applications or software running on top of the OS. To create documents: Creating documents is a function performed by application software like word processors (e.g., Microsoft Word), not by the operating system itself. To browse the internet: Internet browsing is enabled through web browsers (e.g., Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox), which are applications running on top of the operating system. The OS provides the necessary network interfaces and manages network connections but does not directly browse the internet. Conclusion: The primary role of an operating system is to manage and coordinate hardware resources to ensure efficient and secure operation of computer systems, providing a platform for running applications and facilitating user interaction. Therefore, the correct answer is: To manage hardware resources

Explanation: The measurement of things such as fingerprints and retinal scans used for security access is referred to as Biometrics. Explanation: Biometrics: Biometrics involves the measurement and statistical analysis of biological data, such as fingerprints, iris patterns, voice patterns, facial recognition, and even behavioral characteristics like typing rhythm or gait. These unique biological traits are used to verify or identify individuals for purposes like access control, authentication, and security. Bio measurement: This term is not commonly used to describe the field of biometrics. While it could broadly refer to measuring biological parameters, it doesn't specifically denote the identification and verification techniques used in security systems. Computer security: This term refers to the protection of computer systems and networks from threats like unauthorized access, cyberattacks, and data breaches. Biometrics can be a part of computer security measures but specifically refers to the use of biological data for identification purposes. Smart weapon machinery: This term typically refers to advanced weaponry or military technology that incorporates smart features for targeting, navigation, or operation, and is not related to biometrics. Conclusion: Biometrics plays a crucial role in enhancing security by providing reliable and unique identifiers based on biological characteristics, thereby improving access control and authentication mechanisms in various applications, from smartphones to high-security facilities. Therefore, the correct answer is: Biometrics

Explanation: To prevent the loss of data during power failures, the best option is to use a UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply). Explanation: UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply): A UPS is a device that provides backup power to electronics in the event of a power outage or fluctuation. It contains a battery that can supply power to connected devices for a limited time, allowing them to safely shut down or continue operating until normal power is restored. UPS units also provide protection against power surges and spikes, which can damage sensitive electronic equipment. Encryption program: Encryption programs are used to secure data by converting it into a coded format that can only be read or deciphered by authorized parties. While encryption protects data confidentiality, it does not prevent data loss during power failures. Surge protector: Surge protectors are devices designed to protect electronic devices from voltage spikes or surges in electrical power. They are effective in preventing damage from sudden power spikes but do not provide backup power or prevent data loss during power outages. Firewall: A firewall is a network security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules. It is used to prevent unauthorized access to or from private networks. Firewalls do not provide backup power and are unrelated to preventing data loss during power failures. Conclusion: A UPS is specifically designed to maintain power to connected devices during power interruptions, ensuring continuity of operations and preventing data loss due to sudden shutdowns. It is an essential component in environments where uninterrupted operation of electronic equipment is critical. Therefore, the correct answer is: UPS